{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2620955700","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/irps.2017.7936312","title":"Physically unclonable function using CMOS breakdown position","display_name":"Physically unclonable function using CMOS breakdown position","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2620955700","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/irps.2017.7936312","mag":"2620955700"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/irps.2017.7936312","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/irps.2017.7936312","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/irps.2017.7936312","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238090","display_name":"IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium proceedings","issn_l":"0735-0791","issn":["0735-0791","1541-7026","1938-1891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/retrieve/1be9a73d-9752-4ed2-abed-378c511d7174","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022313643","display_name":"Kai-Hsin Chuang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5834-2324","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5834-2324"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K.-H. Chuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec, Leuven, Belgium","imec-COSIC, KU Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec-COSIC, KU Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974","https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020854030","display_name":"E. Bury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5847-3949","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5847-3949"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Bury","raw_affiliation_strings":["ESAT, KU Leuven, Belgium","imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ESAT, KU Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061087611","display_name":"R. Degraeve","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4609-5573","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4609-5573"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Degraeve","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058263075","display_name":"B. Kaczer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1484-4007","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1484-4007"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Kaczer","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020367935","display_name":"G. Groeseneken","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-2098","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-2098"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Groeseneken","raw_affiliation_strings":["ESAT, KU Leuven, Belgium","imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ESAT, KU Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082347771","display_name":"Ingrid M.R. Verbauwhede","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0879-076X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0879-076X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. Verbauwhede","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec-COSIC, KU Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec-COSIC, KU Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974","https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108124737","display_name":"D. Linten","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Linten","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1897,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89882633,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4C","last_page":"1.1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physically-unclonable-functions","display_name":"physical unclonable functions","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxide-breakdown","display_name":"oxide breakdown","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos-transistors","display_name":"CMOS transistors","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-breakdown","display_name":"soft breakdown","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrinsic-randomness","display_name":"intrinsic randomness","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/40-nm-cmos","display_name":"40-nm CMOS","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bias","display_name":"bias","score":0.42399999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-stability","display_name":"thermal stability","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-security","display_name":"hardware security","score":0.3799999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.6634340882301331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.6252410411834717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.606133759021759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4767540395259857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.4545530378818512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.45433101058006287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43072813749313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.425864040851593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.36620473861694336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.36090534925460815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2615598142147064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14164069294929504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/irps.2017.7936312","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/irps.2017.7936312","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/irps.2017.7936312","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238090","display_name":"IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium proceedings","issn_l":"0735-0791","issn":["0735-0791","1541-7026","1938-1891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:123456789/636649","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/636649","pdf_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/retrieve/1be9a73d-9752-4ed2-abed-378c511d7174","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401954","display_name":"Lirias (KU Leuven)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","host_organization_name":"KU Leuven","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IRPS 2017, CA, Monterey, 2-6 April 2017","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:2643386","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/2643386","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.2643385","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2643385","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2643385","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.2643386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2643386","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2643386","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:123456789/636649","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/636649","pdf_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/retrieve/1be9a73d-9752-4ed2-abed-378c511d7174","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401954","display_name":"Lirias (KU Leuven)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","host_organization_name":"KU Leuven","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IRPS 2017, CA, Monterey, 2-6 April 2017","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2620955700.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2620955700.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1582708189","https://openalex.org/W2001067488","https://openalex.org/W2004991645","https://openalex.org/W2046467839","https://openalex.org/W2053877171","https://openalex.org/W2090423589","https://openalex.org/W2102434753","https://openalex.org/W2113322447","https://openalex.org/W2113488650","https://openalex.org/W2116374153","https://openalex.org/W2117281987","https://openalex.org/W2121381650","https://openalex.org/W2126232622","https://openalex.org/W2130351941","https://openalex.org/W2133350411","https://openalex.org/W2138874069","https://openalex.org/W2146813141","https://openalex.org/W2147842458","https://openalex.org/W2149274890","https://openalex.org/W2156003850","https://openalex.org/W2289458927","https://openalex.org/W2319427762","https://openalex.org/W2526479254","https://openalex.org/W2548034785","https://openalex.org/W2570008916","https://openalex.org/W4237236484"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2906862720","https://openalex.org/W2961729905","https://openalex.org/W2801152822","https://openalex.org/W4229442036","https://openalex.org/W1841311368","https://openalex.org/W4399486625","https://openalex.org/W4389494946","https://openalex.org/W2802260960","https://openalex.org/W2942638399","https://openalex.org/W1917221498"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"novel":[1],"physically":[2],"unclonable":[3],"function":[4],"(PUF)":[5],"utilizing":[6],"the":[7,43,59,84],"intrinsic":[8],"randomness":[9,57],"of":[10,22,58,72,79,83,90,123],"oxide":[11],"breakdown":[12],"(BD)":[13],"positions":[14],"in":[15,34,51],"CMOS":[16,38],"transistors":[17],"is":[18],"presented.":[19],"The":[20,56],"advantages":[21],"this":[23],"approach":[24],"are":[25,112],"studied":[26],"and":[27,74,96,104,114],"validated":[28],"by":[29],"measurements":[30],"on":[31,93],"test-chips":[32],"fabricated":[33],"a":[35,52,88],"commercial":[36],"40nm":[37],"process.":[39],"Experiments":[40],"show":[41,107,115],"that":[42,108],"required":[44,65],"soft":[45,110],"BDs":[46,111],"can":[47],"be":[48],"reliably":[49],"generated":[50],"sufficiently":[53],"short":[54],"period.":[55],"utilized":[60],"mechanism":[61],"shows":[62],"excellent":[63],"properties,":[64],"for":[66],"PUF":[67],"applications:":[68],"an":[69],"overall":[70],"bias":[71],"0.498":[73],"inter-chip":[75],"hamming":[76],"distance":[77],"(HD)":[78],"0.501.":[80],"Further":[81],"analysis":[82],"current":[85],"distributions":[86],"reveals":[87],"dependence":[89],"operating":[91,121],"voltage":[92],"readout":[94],"resolution":[95],"window.":[97],"Finally,":[98],"dedicated":[99],"experiments":[100],"with":[101],"external":[102],"heating":[103],"embedded":[105],"poly-heaters":[106],"these":[109],"stable":[113],"no":[116],"read-out":[117],"errors":[118],"up":[119],"to":[120],"temperatures":[122],"600K.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2017-06-09T00:00:00"}
