{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2620698985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3303/cet1756225","title":"Inherent safety assessment technique for preliminary design stage","display_name":"Inherent safety assessment technique for preliminary design stage","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-03-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2620698985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3303/cet1756225","mag":"2620698985"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e6e2d867b45648b4a39880982b5b1c16","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3303/cet1756225","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e6e2d867b45648b4a39880982b5b1c16","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Chemical Engineering Transactions, Vol 56 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/75894/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033972762","display_name":"Syaza Izyanni Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0139-6804","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0139-6804"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syaza Izyanni Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Teknologi Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0139-6804","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045325618","display_name":"Haslenda binti Hashim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3764-8233","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3764-8233"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haslenda Hashim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Process Systems Engineering Centre (PROSPECT)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Process Systems Engineering Centre (PROSPECT)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046820021","display_name":"Mimi H. Hassim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4940-1991","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4940-1991"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mimi H. Hassim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre of Hydrogen Energy (CHE)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4940-1991","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Hydrogen Energy (CHE)","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2235,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80609343,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":null,"first_page":"1345","last_page":"1350"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13840","display_name":"Chemical Safety and Risk Management","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1504","display_name":"Chemical Health and Safety"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14091","display_name":"Industrial and Mining Safety","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inherent-safety","display_name":"inherent safety","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-design-stage","display_name":"preliminary design","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-safety","display_name":"process safety","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-flow-diagram","display_name":"process flow diagram","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hazard-assessment","display_name":"hazard assessment","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flammability","display_name":"flammability","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/explosiveness","display_name":"explosiveness","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toxicity","display_name":"toxicity","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-temperature","display_name":"operating temperature","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-pressure","display_name":"operating pressure","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-mixtures","display_name":"chemical mixtures","score":0.9520000219345093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64695881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10747729","display_name":"Inherent safety","level":2,"score":0.8363136053085327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158550234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910035","display_name":"Flammability","level":2,"score":0.6141343712806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6115784049034119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49261128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132455","display_name":"Hazard","level":2,"score":0.6051830649375916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206355099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3614972","display_name":"Hazard analysis","level":2,"score":0.5993884801864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.5309329032897949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4614473879337311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.4425654411315918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3344111144542694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e6e2d867b45648b4a39880982b5b1c16","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3303/cet1756225","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e6e2d867b45648b4a39880982b5b1c16","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Chemical Engineering Transactions, Vol 56 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:2620698985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3303/cet1756225","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/75894/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764686966","display_name":"Chemical engineering transactions","issn_l":"1974-9791","issn":["1974-9791","2283-9216"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322631478","host_organization_name":"AIDIC-Italian Association of Chemical Engineering","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322631478"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AIDIC-Italian Association of Chemical Engineering"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Chemical engineering transactions","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:2620698985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3303/cet1756225","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/75894/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764686966","display_name":"Chemical engineering transactions","issn_l":"1974-9791","issn":["1974-9791","2283-9216"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322631478","host_organization_name":"AIDIC-Italian Association of Chemical Engineering","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322631478"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AIDIC-Italian Association of Chemical Engineering"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Chemical engineering transactions","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2915231949","https://openalex.org/W2946364286","https://openalex.org/W2970963791","https://openalex.org/W4294904566","https://openalex.org/W2725168184","https://openalex.org/W2584637977","https://openalex.org/W7005225446","https://openalex.org/W2327347423","https://openalex.org/W1976225586","https://openalex.org/W2522238009"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Safety":[0,18,131],"is":[1,27,82,119,123,216,227,238,251,283,312,326,362,379],"defined":[2],"as":[3,181,197,242,247,314],"accidents":[4],"prevention":[5],"through":[6],"appropriate":[7],"technologies":[8],"to":[9,30,50,184,208,220,231,318,401,412],"identify":[10],"and":[11,134,137,151,174,188,349],"eliminate":[12],"hazards":[13,22,37,63,75,289],"before":[14],"an":[15,89,124,182],"accident":[16],"occurs.":[17],"program":[19],"that":[20,46,122,360],"prevents":[21],"in":[23,64,163,206,218,229,256,274,291,303,367,384,406,418],"the":[24,31,36,51,59,62,65,79,112,127,135,144,185,202,213,221,232,240,262,271,275,284,287,292,300,304,329,341,344,350,363,368,371,380,385,388,395,403,414,419],"first":[25],"place":[26],"preferable":[28],"compared":[29,317],"typical":[32,258],"approaches":[33],"of":[34,61,73,99,126,193,246,270,286,332,375,392],"controlling":[35],"upon":[38],"being":[39],"detected.":[40],"Plants":[41],"should":[42],"be":[43,55,265,296,402,413],"designed":[44],"so":[45],"they":[47],"are":[48,157,167,204,340],"user-friendlier":[49],"workers.":[52],"This":[53,86],"can":[54],"done":[56,266],"by":[57,143],"preventing":[58,74],"presence":[60],"process":[66,113,272,276,294,331,369,386,420],"during":[67,78,149],"its":[68],"design":[69,80,96,154],"stages.":[70],"The":[71,235,280,356],"concept":[72],"existence":[76],"early":[77],"stage":[81,97],"called":[83],"inherent":[84,90,106,159],"safety.":[85],"paper":[87],"introduces":[88,177],"safety":[91,107,160,288],"assessment":[92,165,290,358],"technique":[93,121],"for":[94,147],"preliminary":[95],"(ISAPEDS)":[98],"chemical":[100,259],"process.":[101],"ISAPEDS":[102,118,176,373,390],"focuses":[103],"on":[104,268,299,328,336],"assessing":[105,194,239],"using":[108],"information":[109],"available":[110],"from":[111],"flow":[114,277],"sheet":[115],"diagram":[116,278],"(PFD).":[117,279],"a":[120,198,243,252,257,309,319],"extension":[125],"Numerical":[128,138],"Descriptive":[129,139],"Inherent":[130],"Technique":[132],"(NuDIST)":[133],"Graphical":[136],"(GRAND)":[140],"techniques":[141],"developed":[142],"same":[145],"authors":[146],"application":[148],"research":[150],"development":[152],"(R&D)":[153],"stage.":[155],"There":[156],"five":[158,408],"parameters":[161,196,203,409],"considered":[162],"this":[164,307],"which":[166,250,339],"operating":[168,170,222,233],"temperature,":[169],"pressure,":[171],"flammability,":[172],"explosiveness":[173,225],"toxicity.":[175],"four":[178],"new":[179],"features":[180],"improvement":[183],"previous":[186],"NuDIST":[187],"GRAND":[189],"methods.":[190],"First,":[191],"instead":[192,245],"these":[195],"standalone":[199],"hazard":[200],"factor,":[201],"assessed":[205],"relations":[207,219,230],"each":[209,269],"other.":[210],"For":[211],"example":[212],"flammability":[214],"parameter":[215,226],"evaluated":[217,228],"pressure":[223,352],"while":[224,377],"temperature.":[234],"second":[236],"feature":[237],"chemicals":[241,301],"mixture":[244],"individual":[248],"substance,":[249],"very":[253],"rare":[254],"scenarios":[255],"processes.":[260],"Thirdly,":[261],"evaluation":[263],"will":[264,295],"comprehensively":[267],"equipment":[273,338,366,383,417],"last":[281],"one":[282],"score":[285,311,374,391],"whole":[293],"weighted":[297],"based":[298],"composition":[302],"mixture.":[305],"In":[306],"technique,":[308],"higher":[310],"indicated":[313],"more":[315],"hazardous":[316,365,382,405,416],"lower":[320],"score.":[321],"A":[322],"simple":[323],"case":[324],"study":[325],"performed":[327],"hydrodealkylation":[330],"toluene":[333,345],"(HDA)":[334],"focusing":[335],"three":[337,396],"reactor":[342],"(R101),":[343],"feed":[346],"drum":[347],"(V101)":[348],"low":[351],"phase":[353],"separator":[354],"(V103).":[355],"overall":[357],"shows":[359],"R101":[361,398],"most":[364,404,415],"with":[370,387],"highest":[372],"298.6":[376],"V101":[378],"least":[381],"lowest":[389],"117.1.":[393],"Among":[394],"equipment,":[397],"was":[399],"found":[400],"all":[407],"resulting":[410],"it":[411],"section.":[421]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2017-06-09T00:00:00"}