{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2620501757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.45-1857","title":"The architecture of madness: insane asylums in the United States","display_name":"The architecture of madness: insane asylums in the United States","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2620501757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.45-1857","mag":"2620501757"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5860/choice.45-1857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.45-1857","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.45-1857","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764375719","display_name":"Choice Reviews Online","issn_l":"0009-4978","issn":["0009-4978","1523-8253","1943-5975"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316146","host_organization_name":"Association of College and Research Libraries","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316146","https://openalex.org/P4310315903"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association of College and Research Libraries","American Library Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Choice Reviews Online","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"book-review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":134,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"04","first_page":"45","last_page":"1857"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12666","display_name":"Historical Psychiatry and Medical Practices","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12666","display_name":"Historical Psychiatry and Medical Practices","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13519","display_name":"Historical Architecture and Urbanism","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lunatic-asylums","display_name":"lunatic asylums","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-disorders","display_name":"mental illness","score":0.414000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutionalization","display_name":"institutionalization","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-psychiatry","display_name":"history of psychiatry","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-states","display_name":"United States","score":0.3109999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5692157745361328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.46019530296325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53553401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47307","display_name":"Genealogy","level":1,"score":0.3314379155635834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.32306694984436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3114197254180908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.1330287754535675}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5860/choice.45-1857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.45-1857","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.45-1857","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764375719","display_name":"Choice Reviews Online","issn_l":"0009-4978","issn":["0009-4978","1523-8253","1943-5975"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316146","host_organization_name":"Association of College and Research Libraries","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316146","https://openalex.org/P4310315903"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association of College and Research Libraries","American Library Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Choice Reviews Online","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5378999710083008}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2989617205","https://openalex.org/W1577594960","https://openalex.org/W578915183","https://openalex.org/W2788733068","https://openalex.org/W2061929612","https://openalex.org/W582683755","https://openalex.org/W2034439809","https://openalex.org/W2036730224","https://openalex.org/W2119989732","https://openalex.org/W1548273623"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"serving":[0],"profitability,":[1],"knowing":[2],"full":[3],"well":[4],"that":[5,17,55],"a":[6,23],"bankrupt":[7],"railroad":[8,18,31,56],"would":[9],"not":[10],"need":[11],"engineers.To":[12],"argue,":[13],"as":[14,22],"Aldrich":[15],"does,":[16],"safety":[19,63],"developed":[20],"primarily":[21],"result":[24],"of":[25,40,67],"the":[26,34,41,52,65],"push":[27],"and":[28,33],"pull":[29],"between":[30],"companies":[32,57],"state":[35],"is":[36],"to":[37,51,60],"miss":[38],"one-third":[39],"debate.That":[42],"said,":[43],"Aldrich's":[44],"work":[45],"does":[46],"provide":[47],"an":[48],"important":[49],"corrective":[50],"simplistic":[53],"notion":[54],"wanted":[58],"nothing":[59],"do":[61],"with":[62],"before":[64],"era":[66],"federal":[68],"regulation.":[69]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2017-06-05T00:00:00"}