{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2620319178","doi":null,"title":"Using competition ratios and total revenue parameters to assess millet and legume intercropping under conservation agriculture production systems in Nepal","display_name":"Using competition ratios and total revenue parameters to assess millet and legume intercropping under conservation agriculture production systems in Nepal","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2620319178","mag":"2620319178"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/70118","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/70118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400248","display_name":"VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","host_organization_name":"Virginia Tech","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060431993","display_name":"Bikash Paudel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8769-8656","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8769-8656"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paudel, Bikash","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Radovich, Theodore J. K.","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Radovich, Theodore J. K.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040935908","display_name":"Susan E. Crow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8735-1580","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8735-1580"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Crow, Susan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084732333","display_name":"Jacqueline Halbrendt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Halbrendt, Jacqueline","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050916113","display_name":"Catherine Chan\u2010Halbrendt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chan-Halbrendt, Catherine","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tamang, Bishal B.","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tamang, Bishal B.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Reed, Brinton F.","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reed, Brinton F.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12436","display_name":"Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12436","display_name":"Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12792","display_name":"Soil Management and Crop Yield","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10367","display_name":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conservation-agriculture","display_name":"conservation agriculture","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strip-tillage","display_name":"strip tillage","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conventional-tillage","display_name":"conventional tillage","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition-ratio","display_name":"competition ratio","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monetary-advantage-index","display_name":"monetary advantage index","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-revenue","display_name":"total revenue","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cowpea","display_name":"cowpea","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-gram","display_name":"Vigna mungo","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adoption-incentives","display_name":"adoption incentives","score":0.550000011920929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781208722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853859","display_name":"Intercropping","level":2,"score":0.8404594659805298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6542900800704956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5915769338607788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.5806472301483154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.501467227935791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776632002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145909","display_name":"Legume","level":2,"score":0.4825996160507202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.47969433665275574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.4624156951904297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140130429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4439388","display_name":"Conservation agriculture","level":3,"score":0.42827847599983215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.40641120076179504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.30316638946533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2429901659488678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.2394799292087555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.21065321564674377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.07014197111129761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/70118","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/70118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400248","display_name":"VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","host_organization_name":"Virginia Tech","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":1.0,"display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.8518999814987183,"display_name":"Life on land"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7169171056","https://openalex.org/W2759663165","https://openalex.org/W3211949624","https://openalex.org/W2885549764","https://openalex.org/W4386581533","https://openalex.org/W324696961","https://openalex.org/W1603720238","https://openalex.org/W3141892372","https://openalex.org/W3001551133","https://openalex.org/W1990251476"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Intercropping":[0],"ratios":[1],"such":[2],"as":[3,101],"land":[4],"equivalency":[5],"ratio":[6,9],"(LER),":[7],"competition":[8],"(CR),":[10],"monetary":[11,206],"advantage":[12,145,207],"index":[13,208],"(MAI)":[14,209],"and":[15,92,170,205,244],"total":[16,179,191],"revenue":[17,180],"from":[18,51,164],"millet+legume":[19,89,93,161],"intercrop":[20,162,195,212],"under":[21],"different":[22],"conservation":[23,235,248,261],"agriculture":[24],"production":[25],"systems":[26],"(CAPS)":[27],"designed":[28],"for":[29,60,226,258],"maize-based":[30],"hill":[31],"farming":[32,53],"system":[33],"of":[34,58,126,134,146,160,183,186,247,260],"Nepal":[35,59],"were":[36],"compared":[37],"using":[38],"general":[39],"linear":[40],"model":[41],"ANOVA.":[42],"The":[43,116,131],"data":[44],"was":[45,64,73,99,108,137,151,199,217],"collected":[46],"through":[47],"on-farm":[48],"experimental":[49],"plots":[50],"28":[52],"households":[54],"in":[55,68,104,113,168,174,176,196,213,237],"central":[56],"mid-hill":[57],"two":[61],"years.":[62],"Maize":[63],"the":[65,141,155,241],"only":[66],"crop":[67,103],"first":[69,105,214],"season":[70,128],"(March-June),":[71],"which":[72],"followed":[74],"by":[75,81,87,110],"four":[76],"treatments,":[77],"i.e.":[78],"millet":[79],"sole":[80,86,142],"conventional":[82],"tillage":[83,96,150,236],"(CT),":[84],"legume":[85,102,189],"CT,":[88],"with":[90,94,255],"CT":[91,175],"strip":[95,149],"(ST).":[97],"Cowpea":[98],"planted":[100],"year,":[106,178],"while":[107],"replaced":[109],"black":[111],"gram":[112,194],"second":[114,177,197],"year.":[115,215],"initial":[117,256],"trend":[118],"indicated":[119],"ST":[120,169],"had":[121],"negative":[122],"effect":[123],"on":[124],"yield":[125],"following":[127],"maize":[129],"crop.":[130],"average":[132],"LER":[133,159,204],"intercropping":[135,228],"treatments":[136],"significantly":[138],"higher":[139,203],"than":[140,210],"crops":[143],"indicating":[144],"intercropping,":[147],"but":[148,229],"found":[152,200,218],"to":[153,166,172,190,201,224,252],"reduce":[154],"derived":[156],"advantage.":[157],"Although,":[158],"increased":[163],"1.16":[165],"1.31":[167],"1.27":[171],"1.39":[173],"decreased":[181],"because":[182],"reduced":[184],"contribution":[185],"high":[187],"value":[188],"LER.":[192],"Millet+black":[193],"year":[198],"have":[202],"millet+cowpea":[211],"It":[216],"that":[219],"there":[220,230],"is":[221,231],"economic":[222],"incentive":[223,233],"farmers":[225,250],"adopting":[227],"no":[232],"adopt":[234],"short":[238],"term.":[239],"Considering":[240],"long-term":[242],"sustainability":[243],"ecosystem":[245],"benefits":[246],"tillage,":[249],"need":[251],"be":[253],"provided":[254],"supports":[257],"adoption":[259],"agriculture.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T14:13:21.323994","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}