{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2619463500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14741/ijmcr/v.5.3.10","title":"Systematic Risk and Socio-Political Factors: The Case of Pakistan Stock Exchange","display_name":"Systematic Risk and Socio-Political Factors: The Case of Pakistan Stock Exchange","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2619463500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14741/ijmcr/v.5.3.10","mag":"2619463500"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.14741/ijmcr/v.5.3.10","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14741/ijmcr/v.5.3.10","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14741/ijmcr/v.5.3.10","pdf_url":"https://ijmcr.com/index.php/ijmcr/article/download/05.03.10/588","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210221939","display_name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Research","issn_l":"2321-3124","issn":["2321-3124"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2619463500"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ijmcr.com/index.php/ijmcr/article/download/05.03.10/588","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085249966","display_name":"Shahzad Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1038-5314","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1038-5314"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36448004","display_name":"Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05yfc2w21","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36448004"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahzad Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lecturer, Phd Scholar SZABIST , Islamabad , Pakistan ^Associates Professor ,","Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology (SZABIST), Students"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lecturer, Phd Scholar SZABIST , Islamabad , Pakistan ^Associates Professor ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36448004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology (SZABIST), Students","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36448004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110214704","display_name":"Syed Muhammad Amir Shah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4655-3056","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4655-3056","https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7326-6216"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181355716","display_name":"Allama Iqbal Open University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vympt94","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181355716"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Muhammad Amir Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Allama Iqbal Open University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Allama Iqbal Open University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181355716"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tanveer Ahmad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36448004","display_name":"Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05yfc2w21","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36448004"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanveer Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lecturer, Phd Scholar SZABIST , Islamabad , Pakistan ^Associates Professor ,","Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology (SZABIST), Students"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lecturer, Phd Scholar SZABIST , Islamabad , Pakistan ^Associates Professor ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36448004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology (SZABIST), Students","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36448004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7554,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75281653,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"3","first_page":"553","last_page":"561"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10047","display_name":"Financial Markets and Investment Strategies","score":0.5907999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10047","display_name":"Financial Markets and Investment Strategies","score":0.5907999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11059","display_name":"Market Dynamics and Volatility","score":0.36329999566078186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10282","display_name":"Financial Risk and Volatility Modeling","score":0.019600000232458115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-risk","display_name":"systematic risk","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socio-political-conditions","display_name":"socio-political factors","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pakistan-stock-exchange","display_name":"Pakistan Stock Exchange","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assassination","display_name":"assassination","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrorism","display_name":"terrorism","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/riots","display_name":"riots","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-strike","display_name":"general strike","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone-strikes","display_name":"drone strikes","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guerrilla-attacks","display_name":"guerrilla attacks","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-financial-firms","display_name":"non-financial firms","score":0.722000002861023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203133693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7283","display_name":"Terrorism","level":2,"score":0.8303521871566772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781426162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2275793","display_name":"Casual","level":2,"score":0.6478734612464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200870193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11691","display_name":"Stock exchange","level":2,"score":0.5640454888343811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777162435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399774","display_name":"Political violence","level":3,"score":0.5198426842689514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5155729651451111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80212096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1975416","display_name":"Systematic risk","level":2,"score":0.47340425848960876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204036174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909380","display_name":"Stock (firearms)","level":2,"score":0.4308817684650421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63143784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7885121","display_name":"Political risk","level":3,"score":0.41994550824165344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.41917213797569275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.33427125215530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.30945295095443726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.286129891872406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.19090694189071655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.18902763724327087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.1843433678150177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.14741/ijmcr/v.5.3.10","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14741/ijmcr/v.5.3.10","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14741/ijmcr/v.5.3.10","pdf_url":"https://ijmcr.com/index.php/ijmcr/article/download/05.03.10/588","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210221939","display_name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Research","issn_l":"2321-3124","issn":["2321-3124"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"mag:2619463500","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3176039","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3121294968","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ijmcr.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Paper10553-561.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210221939","display_name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Research","issn_l":"2321-3124","issn":["2321-3124"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Research","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.14741/ijmcr/v.5.3.10","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14741/ijmcr/v.5.3.10","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14741/ijmcr/v.5.3.10","pdf_url":"https://ijmcr.com/index.php/ijmcr/article/download/05.03.10/588","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210221939","display_name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Research","issn_l":"2321-3124","issn":["2321-3124"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9595999717712402,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2619463500.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2619463500.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2109213319","https://openalex.org/W3125217951"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3193790942","https://openalex.org/W7217864563","https://openalex.org/W2886356517","https://openalex.org/W2759668846","https://openalex.org/W1541941967","https://openalex.org/W1619641476","https://openalex.org/W7219930405","https://openalex.org/W2075793292","https://openalex.org/W3020085592","https://openalex.org/W1922981409"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,97],"study":[1,22,98],"aims":[2],"to":[3,102,112,124,129],"investigate":[4],"the":[5,21,104,107,131],"casual":[6],"effect":[7,132,143],"of":[8,115,118,120,133],"Socio-Political":[9,37,134],"factors":[10,38,135],"on":[11,76,85,94,136,144],"Systematic":[12],"risk":[13],"in":[14],"Pakistan":[15],"Stock":[16],"Exchange.":[17],"For":[18],"this":[19],"purpose,":[20],"used":[23,99],"250":[24],"Non-Financial":[25],"companies":[26],"monthly":[27],"rolling":[28],"Beta":[29],"(36":[30],"months":[31],"window)":[32],"data":[33],"as":[34,36],"well":[35],"like":[39],"Assassination,":[40],"Terrorism,":[41],"Riots":[42],"and":[43,61,80,88],"General":[44,86,139],"Strikes":[45],"from":[46],"2001-2010":[47],"by":[48],"using":[49],"23,349":[50],"observations.":[51],"Assassination":[52,60,62],"was":[53,67],"further":[54],"divided":[55,68],"into":[56,69],"two":[57],"dimensions":[58,72],"i.e.":[59,73],"through":[63],"drone":[64],"attack.":[65],"Terrorism":[66,82],"three":[70],"sub":[71],"Guerilla":[74],"Attacks":[75],"Military,":[77],"Police,":[78],"Paramilitary":[79,90],"Intelligence,":[81],"(Terrorism":[83],"attack":[84],"mass)":[87],"Military":[89],"or":[91],"Police":[92],"Attack":[93],"non-state":[95],"combatants.":[96],"stepwise":[100],"regression":[101],"identify":[103],"variables":[105],"affecting":[106],"systematic":[108,137,145],"risk.":[109,138,146],"With":[110],"exception":[111],"Riots,":[113],"number":[114,119],"events":[116],"instead":[117],"persons":[121],"killed":[122],"found":[123],"be":[125],"statistically":[126],"significant":[127],"proxies":[128],"measure":[130],"strike":[140],"has":[141],"no":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2017-06-05T00:00:00"}
