{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2612378748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1037969x1403900309","title":"The Whanganui River as a Legal Person","display_name":"The Whanganui River as a Legal Person","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2612378748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1037969x1403900309","mag":"2612378748"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1037969x1403900309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1037969x1403900309","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1037969x1403900309","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87202933","display_name":"Alternative Law Journal","issn_l":"1037-969X","issn":["1037-969X","2398-9084"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-b","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Alternative Law Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039974916","display_name":"Abigail Hutchison","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abigail Hutchison","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039974916"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":31.4023,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":152,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99468512,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"3","first_page":"179","last_page":"182"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12895","display_name":"Environmental law and policy","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12895","display_name":"Environmental law and policy","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13879","display_name":"Indigenous Peoples' Rights and Law","score":0.006099999882280827,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14206","display_name":"Animal Law and Welfare","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/whanganui-river","display_name":"Whanganui River","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-personality","display_name":"legal personality","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rivers-as-legal-persons","display_name":"rivers as legal persons","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anthropocentrism","display_name":"anthropocentrism","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-fiction","display_name":"legal fiction","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maori-worldview","display_name":"M\u0101ori worldview","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-personality","display_name":"corporate personality","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property-rights","display_name":"property rights","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-rights","display_name":"environmental rights","score":0.5320000052452087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548836952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7170675","display_name":"Personhood","level":2,"score":0.9647142291069031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780070776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3778211","display_name":"Legal person","level":2,"score":0.7076213955879211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777992059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931483","display_name":"Legal fiction","level":2,"score":0.6572052240371704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779845782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q705914","display_name":"Deed","level":2,"score":0.6366902589797974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5441679358482361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778416019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154954","display_name":"Natural person","level":2,"score":0.5323344469070435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.527786910533905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.5017967224121094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167037","display_name":"Corporation","level":2,"score":0.47554466128349304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777063073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1553237","display_name":"Settlement (finance)","level":3,"score":0.47470608353614807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993791327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2628882","display_name":"Legal status","level":2,"score":0.4725843667984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131330614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779167","display_name":"Legal realism","level":3,"score":0.47152552008628845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3467305302619934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.3331666886806488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522695570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6517578","display_name":"Legal research","level":2,"score":0.2651871144771576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.1821659505367279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.1367122232913971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.09561404585838318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1037969x1403900309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1037969x1403900309","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1037969x1403900309","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87202933","display_name":"Alternative Law Journal","issn_l":"1037-969X","issn":["1037-969X","2398-9084"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-b","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Alternative Law Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.6601999998092651}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.7300000190734863}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10492657","https://openalex.org/W334650069","https://openalex.org/W378797396","https://openalex.org/W603928681","https://openalex.org/W1863256417","https://openalex.org/W1968224599","https://openalex.org/W1999416167","https://openalex.org/W2054281312","https://openalex.org/W2788559488","https://openalex.org/W2790275342","https://openalex.org/W2978527163","https://openalex.org/W3104689867","https://openalex.org/W3125643342"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3119538616","https://openalex.org/W7167030529","https://openalex.org/W3115077447","https://openalex.org/W3047047352","https://openalex.org/W3035906013","https://openalex.org/W2770174369","https://openalex.org/W2973925245","https://openalex.org/W3172290392","https://openalex.org/W7033944870","https://openalex.org/W7138171894"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,23],"Whanganui":[1,14],"River":[2],"in":[3,173,198,234],"New":[4],"Zealand":[5],"will":[6,223],"be":[7,114,131],"granted":[8],"legal":[9,30,35,69,77,85,102,111,123,127,148,184,206],"personhood":[10,70,103,149,215],"status":[11,71,104,150],"when":[12],"the":[13,34,40,58,61,75,88,92,95,99,106,110,122,138,161,166,171,179,183,187,190,193,203,209,213,235],"Iwi":[15],"Deed":[16],"of":[17,42,45,60,84,186,195,218],"Settlement":[18],"is":[19,47,53,125,146,153,168],"passed":[20],"into":[21],"law.":[22],"river's":[24,76,100,204,214],"transformation":[25,59],"from":[26,63],"property":[27,50,64,232],"to":[28,65,116,133,165,201,227],"a":[29,81,126],"person":[31,86,90,112,124],"has":[32,38,79],"reconceptualised":[33],"person.":[36],"It":[37],"pushed":[39],"boundaries":[41],"our":[43],"understanding":[44],"what":[46,52,145,152],"regarded":[48],"as":[49,155],"and":[51,72,91,118,151,176,221],"not.":[54],"This":[55],"article":[56,96,139,191,210],"examines":[57],"river":[62,167],"an":[66,199],"entity":[67],"with":[68],"discusses":[73,97,140,192],"how":[74,98,141,178],"personality":[78,185,197],"created":[80],"new":[82,101,205],"category":[83],"beyond":[87],"natural":[89],"corporation.":[93],"First,":[94],"challenges":[105],"anthropocentric":[107],"view":[108],"that":[109,120,160],"should":[113],"confined":[115],"humans,":[117],"argues":[119,159],"because":[121],"fiction":[128],"it":[129,158],"can":[130],"applied":[132],"nonhuman":[134],"beings":[135],"also.":[136],"Second,":[137],"society's":[142,174],"values":[143,175],"dictate":[144],"given":[147],"seen":[154],"property.":[156],"Third,":[157],"traditional":[162],"Maori":[163,180],"relationship":[164],"responsible":[169],"for":[170],"change":[172],"demonstrates":[177],"worldview":[181],"characterises":[182],"river.":[188,236],"Fourth,":[189],"concept":[194],"corporate":[196],"attempt":[200],"define":[202],"personhood.":[207],"Finally,":[208],"considers":[211],"whether":[212],"status,":[216],"capable":[217],"having":[219],"rights":[220],"duties,":[222],"have":[224],"sufficient":[225],"strength":[226],"prevail":[228],"over":[229],"any":[230],"other":[231],"interests":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2017-05-19T00:00:00"}