{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2611052925","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.013.64","title":"Suburbanization in the United States after 1945","display_name":"Suburbanization in the United States after 1945","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-04-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2611052925","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.013.64","mag":"2611052925"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.013.64","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.013.64","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.013.64","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604721","display_name":"Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History","raw_type":"reference-entry"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7143947212","display_name":"Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History"},"type":"reference-entry","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089792228","display_name":"Becky M. Nicolaides","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7216-5895","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7216-5895"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Becky Nicolaides","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huntington-USC Institute on California & the West and Center for the Study of Women, UCLA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huntington-USC Institute on California & the West and Center for the Study of Women, UCLA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Andrew Wiese","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26538001","display_name":"San Diego State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0264fdx42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Wiese","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of History, San Diego State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of History, San Diego State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12502","display_name":"Urbanization and City Planning","score":0.9312000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12502","display_name":"Urbanization and City Planning","score":0.9312000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11645","display_name":"Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies","score":0.050200000405311584,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11858","display_name":"Urban Development and Societal Issues","score":0.005400000140070915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suburbanization","display_name":"suburbanization","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suburbs","display_name":"suburbs","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suburban-migration","display_name":"suburban migration","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-segregation","display_name":"racial segregation","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-privilege","display_name":"white privilege","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suburban-politics","display_name":"suburban politics","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/car-dependence","display_name":"car dependence","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commuting","display_name":"commuting","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suburban-diversity","display_name":"suburban diversity","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/american-dream","display_name":"American Dream","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-family-houses","display_name":"single-family house","score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-development","display_name":"regional development","score":0.3199999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776081408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091971","display_name":"Suburbanization","level":3,"score":0.8918157815933228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5418610572814941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203404855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2855609","display_name":"Environmentalism","level":3,"score":0.49182891845703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777554338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119380","display_name":"Gentrification","level":2,"score":0.4414004683494568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.43131470680236816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4279903471469879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3697839081287384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3469098210334778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.34078484773635864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.321729451417923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.16602826118469238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.13706251978874207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.11797499656677246}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.013.64","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.013.64","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.013.64","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604721","display_name":"Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History","raw_type":"reference-entry"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.4074000120162964}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4393933591","https://openalex.org/W2132838512","https://openalex.org/W7018577658","https://openalex.org/W622299612","https://openalex.org/W4230509415","https://openalex.org/W48559266","https://openalex.org/W4251009791","https://openalex.org/W1906855225","https://openalex.org/W4230529493","https://openalex.org/W3010242523"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Mass":[1],"migration":[2],"to":[3,32,98,134,167,201,275,299,341],"suburban":[4,150,219,360,363],"areas":[5,329],"was":[6,30,117,179],"a":[7,86,91,149,180,203,277,287],"defining":[8],"feature":[9],"of":[10,21,36,53,59,110,207,228,236,253,281,290,302,319,359,369],"American":[11,104,122,145,185],"life":[12],"after":[13],"1945.":[14],"Before":[15],"World":[16],"War":[17],"II,":[18],"just":[19],"13%":[20],"Americans":[22],"lived":[23],"in":[24,47,90,107,191,218,333],"suburbs.":[25,337,371],"By":[26,269],"2010,":[27],"however,":[28],"suburbia":[29,116,156,178,189,249,273],"home":[31,133,298],"more":[33,198],"than":[34],"half":[35],"the":[37,94,108,114,118,121,161,223,229,246,251,270,308,310,317,356,366],"U.S.":[38],"population.":[39],"The":[40,79,124],"nation\u2019s":[41,125],"economy,":[42],"politics,":[43],"and":[44,56,61,63,71,74,77,88,106,113,140,152,173,193,233,240,263,294,312,330,345,362],"society":[45],"suburbanized":[46],"important":[48],"ways.":[49],"Suburbia":[50,296],"shaped":[51],"habits":[52],"car":[54],"dependency":[55],"commuting,":[57],"patterns":[58],"spending":[60],"saving,":[62],"experiences":[64],"with":[65,285],"issues":[66],"as":[67,69,188],"diverse":[68,313],"race":[70],"taxes,":[72],"energy":[73],"nature,":[75],"privacy":[76],"community.":[78],"owner":[80],"occupied,":[81],"single-family":[82],"home,":[83],"surrounded":[84],"by":[85,258,265,322],"yard,":[87],"set":[89],"neighborhood":[92],"outside":[93],"urban":[95],"core":[96],"came":[97,274],"define":[99],"everyday":[100],"experience":[101],"for":[102,120,183],"most":[103],"households,":[105],"world":[109],"popular":[111],"culture":[112],"imagination,":[115],"setting":[119,182],"dream.":[123],"suburbs":[126],"were":[127],"an":[128,234],"equally":[129],"critical":[130],"economic":[131],"landscape,":[132],"vital":[135],"high-tech":[136],"industries,":[137],"retailing,":[138],"\u201clogistics,\u201d":[139],"office":[141],"employment.":[142],"In":[143,176,245,316,353],"addition,":[144],"politics":[146],"rested":[147],"on":[148],"majority,":[151],"over":[153],"several":[154],"decades,":[155],"incubated":[157],"political":[158,267],"movements":[159],"across":[160,327],"partisan":[162],"spectrum,":[163],"from":[164],"grass-roots":[165],"conservativism,":[166],"centrist":[168],"meritocratic":[169],"individualism,":[170],"environmentalism,":[171],"feminism,":[172],"social":[174,238],"justice.":[175],"short,":[177],"key":[181,215],"postwar":[184,230],"life.":[186],"Even":[187],"grew":[190,197],"magnitude":[192],"influence,":[194],"it":[195],"also":[196],"diverse,":[199],"coming":[200],"reflect":[202],"much":[204],"broader":[205,278],"cross-section":[206],"America":[208],"itself.":[209],"This":[210],"encompassing":[211],"shift":[212],"marked":[213],"two":[214],"chronological":[216],"stages":[217],"history":[220],"since":[221],"1945:":[222],"expansive,":[224],"racialized,":[225],"mass":[226],"suburbanization":[227],"years":[231],"(1945\u20131970)":[232],"era":[235],"intensive":[237],"diversification":[239],"metropolitan":[241,328],"complexity":[242,368],"(since":[243],"1970).":[244],"first":[247],"period,":[248,272],"witnessed":[250],"expansion":[252],"segregated":[254],"white":[255],"privilege,":[256],"bolstered":[257],"government":[259],"policies,":[260],"exclusionary":[261],"practices,":[262],"reinforced":[264],"grassroots":[266],"movements.":[268],"second":[271],"house":[276],"cross":[279],"section":[280],"Americans,":[282,307],"who":[283],"brought":[284],"them":[286],"wide":[288],"range":[289],"outlooks,":[291],"lifeways,":[292],"values,":[293],"politics.":[295],"became":[297],"large":[300],"numbers":[301],"immigrants,":[303],"ethnic":[304],"groups,":[305],"African":[306],"poor,":[309],"elderly":[311],"family":[314],"types.":[315],"face":[318],"stubborn":[320],"exclusionism":[321],"affluent":[323],"suburbs,":[324],"inequality":[325,344],"persisted":[326],"manifested":[331],"anew":[332],"proliferating":[334],"poorer,":[335],"distressed":[336],"Reform":[338],"efforts":[339],"sought":[340],"alleviate":[342],"metro-wide":[343],"promote":[346],"sustainable":[347],"development,":[348],"using":[349],"coordinated":[350],"regional":[351],"approaches.":[352],"recent":[354],"years,":[355],"twin":[357],"discourses":[358],"crisis":[361],"rejuvenation":[364],"captured":[365],"continued":[367],"America\u2019s":[370]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2017-05-12T00:00:00"}
