{"id":"https://openalex.org/W26102575","doi":null,"title":"Study of nonequilibrium flashing of water in a converging-diverging nozzle. Volume 1: experimental","display_name":"Study of nonequilibrium flashing of water in a converging-diverging nozzle. Volume 1: experimental","publication_year":1981,"publication_date":"1981-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W26102575","mag":"26102575"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:26102575","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/6221124","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W26102575"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017087741","display_name":"N. Abuaf","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Abuaf","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087336224","display_name":"B.J.C. Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1180-068X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1180-068X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B.J.C. Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"G. Zimmer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Zimmer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101934675","display_name":"Pradip Kumar Saha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8453-5659","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8453-5659","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6827-4708","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9240-4608"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. S\u00e1ha","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9240-4608","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00703223,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10850","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Boiling Studies","score":0.7914999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10850","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Boiling Studies","score":0.7914999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12560","display_name":"Nuclear Engineering Thermal-Hydraulics","score":0.1251000016927719,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2104","display_name":"Nuclear Energy and Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12567","display_name":"Heat transfer and supercritical fluids","score":0.019600000232458115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water","display_name":"water","score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergent-divergent-nozzle","display_name":"convergent-divergent nozzle","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/void-fraction","display_name":"void fraction","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vapor-generation","display_name":"vapor generation","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interphase-mass-transfer","display_name":"interfacial mass transfer","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interfacial-area-density","display_name":"interfacial area density","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bubble-growth","display_name":"bubble growth","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bubbly-flow","display_name":"bubbly flow","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slug-flow","display_name":"slug flow","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annular-flow","display_name":"annular flow","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mist-flow","display_name":"mist flow","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/droplet-flow","display_name":"droplet flow","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquid-superheat","display_name":"liquid superheat","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subcooled-flow","display_name":"subcooled flow","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pressure-distribution","display_name":"pressure distribution","score":0.35100001096725464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780148907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647584","display_name":"Flashing","level":2,"score":0.9722239375114441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37114186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644139","display_name":"Superheating","level":2,"score":0.7202237844467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.6946197152137756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56200935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q250840","display_name":"Nozzle","level":2,"score":0.6621121168136597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118978325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4938339","display_name":"Boiler blowdown","level":3,"score":0.4954415559768677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779772531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19689164","display_name":"Void (composites)","level":2,"score":0.473671019077301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139514615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16935556","display_name":"Slug flow","level":4,"score":0.4707544445991516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.4589025378227234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115139850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7630971","display_name":"Subcooling","level":3,"score":0.4575040638446808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.452340304851532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74859849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2466686","display_name":"Non-equilibrium thermodynamics","level":2,"score":0.45100465416908264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4219716489315033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118419359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682585","display_name":"Supercritical fluid","level":2,"score":0.4203697741031647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114088122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1261069","display_name":"Pressure drop","level":2,"score":0.41992995142936707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50517652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat transfer","level":2,"score":0.4057570695877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.35975658893585205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144308804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232997","display_name":"Two-phase flow","level":3,"score":0.3439812660217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201289731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172599","display_name":"Inlet","level":2,"score":0.2639225423336029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.22570815682411194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.10878980159759521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:26102575","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/6221124","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W33784445","https://openalex.org/W2083245925","https://openalex.org/W126393660","https://openalex.org/W2063879795","https://openalex.org/W2047872518","https://openalex.org/W47949907","https://openalex.org/W4385611524","https://openalex.org/W4365795943","https://openalex.org/W2062944012","https://openalex.org/W29961171"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,186,213],"steady":[1],"water":[2],"loop":[3],"with":[4,36,182,207],"well":[5],"controlled":[6],"flow":[7,234,246],"and":[8,14,40,70,92,126,130,147,151,168,179,238,241],"thermodynamic":[9],"conditions":[10],"was":[11,171,195,222],"designed,":[12],"built,":[13],"made":[15],"operational":[16],"for":[17,190,201],"the":[18,45,61,77,107,118,124,136,144,152,158,236],"measurement":[19],"of":[20,32,60,87,98,117,135,166,216],"net":[21],"vapor":[22,217],"generation":[23,218],"rates":[24],"under":[25,81],"nonequilibrium":[26,101],"conditions.":[27,84,185],"The":[28,85,96,162],"test":[29],"section":[30],"consists":[31],"a":[33,198,208,232],"converging-diverging":[34],"nozzle":[35,78,180],"49":[37],"pressure":[38],"taps":[39],"two":[41],"observation":[42],"windows":[43],"at":[44,66,251],"exit.":[46],"Pressure":[47],"distributions,":[48,56],"photographic":[49],"observations,":[50],"diametrical":[51],"averaged":[52,63,72],"centerline":[53],"void":[54,64,73,119,187,254],"fraction":[55,74,255],"detailed":[57],"transverse":[58],"distributions":[59,75],"chordal":[62],"fractions":[65],"27":[67],"axial":[68],"locations,":[69],"area":[71,155,203],"along":[76],"were":[79,90,247],"recorded":[80],"various":[82,88],"flashing":[83,102,163,175,220],"effects":[86],"parameters":[89],"investigated":[91],"are":[93],"reported":[94],"here.":[95],"development":[97,188],"voids":[99],"in":[100,177,205],"flows":[103,181,192],"is":[104],"shown":[105],"through":[106],"Oswatitsch":[108],"integral":[109],"to":[110,173,249],"be":[111,132,149],"dependent":[112],"on":[113,143,197],"three":[114],"major":[115],"factors":[116],"inception":[120,176,221],"point":[121],"which":[122,141],"determines":[123],"initial":[125],"subsequent":[127],"liquid":[128],"superheats":[129],"must":[131,148],"accurately":[133],"described;":[134],"interfacial":[137,154,202],"mass":[138,159],"transfer":[139,160],"rates,":[140],"depend":[142],"local":[145,153],"superheat":[146],"specified;":[150],"density":[156,204],"where":[157],"occurs.":[161],"onset":[164],"correlation":[165],"Alamgir":[167],"Lienhard":[169],"(1979)":[170],"extended":[172],"predict":[174],"pipe":[178],"subcooled":[183],"inlet":[184],"model":[189,215],"bubbly":[191,228],"(..cap":[193],"alpha..<0.30)":[194],"based":[196],"simplemore\u00a0\u00bb":[199],"concept":[200],"conjunction":[206],"conduction-controlled":[209],"bubble":[210],"growth":[211],"law.":[212],"general":[214],"following":[219],"also":[223],"developed.":[224],"In":[225],"this":[226],"model,":[227],"flow,":[229,231],"bubbly-slug":[230],"transitional":[233],"comprising":[235],"annular":[237],"annular-mist":[239],"regimes":[240],"finally":[242],"fully":[243],"dispersed":[244],"droplet":[245],"assumed":[248],"occur":[250],"successively":[252],"higher":[253],"ranges.":[256],"163":[257],"figs.,":[258],"23":[259],"tabs.\u00ab\u00a0less":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-17T09:40:24.721904","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}