{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2610219819","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025601","title":"Robust Gaze Features for Enabling Language Proficiency Awareness","display_name":"Robust Gaze Features for Enabling Language Proficiency Awareness","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-05-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2610219819","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025601","mag":"2610219819"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3025453.3025601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025601","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025601","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607743","display_name":"CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/3494044","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049476736","display_name":"Jakob Karolus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0698-7470","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0698-7470"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jakob Karolus","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068706567","display_name":"Pawe\u0142 W. Wo\u017aniak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3670-1813","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3670-1813"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pawe\u0142 W. Wozniak","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090016405","display_name":"Lewis L. Chuang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1975-5716","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1975-5716"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112925","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics","ror":"https://ror.org/026nmvv73","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210112925"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lewis L. Chuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112925"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062196262","display_name":"Albrecht Schmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3890-1990","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3890-1990"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Albrecht Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1608,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88136214,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2998","last_page":"3010"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze-behavior","display_name":"gaze behavior","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-barriers","display_name":"language barriers","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fixation-duration","display_name":"fixation duration","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blink-duration","display_name":"blink duration","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze-interaction","display_name":"gaze-based interaction","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-visualization","display_name":"information visualization","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilingual-user-interface","display_name":"multilingual interface","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-awareness","display_name":"language awareness","score":0.3109999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.8943763971328735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7348117828369141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5951598882675171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146249460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914991","display_name":"Fixation (population genetics)","level":3,"score":0.558243989944458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.5274192094802856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.49057501554489136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.39832162857055664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34274619817733765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08245682716369629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3025453.3025601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025601","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025601","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607743","display_name":"CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escidoc.org:escidoc:2551919","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0000-C3B3-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052962","display_name":"Max Planck Digital Library","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210088280","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088280"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_2551919","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0000-C3B3-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400654","display_name":"MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:3494044","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/3494044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:3494044","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/3494044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W199714878","https://openalex.org/W423148995","https://openalex.org/W1504694836","https://openalex.org/W1553446026","https://openalex.org/W1590806791","https://openalex.org/W1817586704","https://openalex.org/W1965305672","https://openalex.org/W1968607211","https://openalex.org/W1969433118","https://openalex.org/W1974841121","https://openalex.org/W1979038477","https://openalex.org/W1983239853","https://openalex.org/W1998245668","https://openalex.org/W2007501803","https://openalex.org/W2009831234","https://openalex.org/W2012895915","https://openalex.org/W2013112874","https://openalex.org/W2023159994","https://openalex.org/W2029883708","https://openalex.org/W2031781307","https://openalex.org/W2037311778","https://openalex.org/W2039802720","https://openalex.org/W2049174585","https://openalex.org/W2049262957","https://openalex.org/W2051492285","https://openalex.org/W2053758689","https://openalex.org/W2056513832","https://openalex.org/W2061509603","https://openalex.org/W2063007215","https://openalex.org/W2078677544","https://openalex.org/W2082263113","https://openalex.org/W2102667737","https://openalex.org/W2109864487","https://openalex.org/W2114528521","https://openalex.org/W2118585731","https://openalex.org/W2125055259","https://openalex.org/W2133990480","https://openalex.org/W2141565638","https://openalex.org/W2147018085","https://openalex.org/W2149541406","https://openalex.org/W2153076044","https://openalex.org/W2154200694","https://openalex.org/W2160241137","https://openalex.org/W2162134050","https://openalex.org/W2163327848","https://openalex.org/W2164998798","https://openalex.org/W2170263594","https://openalex.org/W2250370330","https://openalex.org/W2293662086","https://openalex.org/W2304127486","https://openalex.org/W2395342014","https://openalex.org/W2508943994"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2537934124","https://openalex.org/W7047817255","https://openalex.org/W4220760395","https://openalex.org/W1967616311","https://openalex.org/W2730657002","https://openalex.org/W2279430301","https://openalex.org/W2069041218","https://openalex.org/W308494247","https://openalex.org/W2119609990","https://openalex.org/W834337527"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,69,89],"are":[1],"often":[2],"confronted":[3],"with":[4,24,78],"information":[5,122],"interfaces":[6,37],"designed":[7],"in":[8,13,64,80],"an":[9,14],"unfamiliar":[10],"language,":[11],"especially":[12],"increasingly":[15],"globalized":[16],"world,":[17],"where":[18,74],"the":[19,25,32,41,60,100],"language":[20,43,66,102,118],"barrier":[21],"inhibits":[22],"interaction":[23],"system.":[26],"In":[27],"our":[28],"work,":[29],"we":[30,46,108],"explore":[31],"design":[33],"space":[34],"for":[35,86,116],"building":[36],"that":[38],"can":[39,54],"detect":[40,58],"user's":[42,51],"proficiency.":[44],"Specifically,":[45],"look":[47],"at":[48],"how":[49],"a":[50,65,71,110],"gaze":[52,87,125],"properties":[53],"be":[55,96],"used":[56],"to":[57,95],"whether":[59],"interface":[61],"is":[62],"presented":[63,77],"they":[67],"understand.":[68],"report":[70],"study":[72],"(N=21)":[73],"participants":[75],"were":[76],"questions":[79],"multiple":[81],"languages,":[82],"whilst":[83],"being":[84],"recorded":[85],"behavior.":[88],"identified":[90],"fixation":[91],"and":[92,113],"blink":[93],"durations":[94],"effective":[97],"indicators":[98],"of":[99],"participants'":[101],"proficiencies.":[103],"Based":[104],"on":[105,121],"these":[106],"findings,":[107],"propose":[109],"classification":[111],"scheme":[112],"technical":[114],"guidelines":[115],"enabling":[117],"proficiency":[119],"awareness":[120],"displays":[123],"using":[124],"data.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-05T09:50:58.205359","created_date":"2017-05-12T00:00:00"}