{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2609731016","doi":null,"title":"Effect of External Borrowing and Foreign Aid on Economic Growth: The Case of Tanzania Using ECM Approach","display_name":"Effect of External Borrowing and Foreign Aid on Economic Growth: The Case of Tanzania Using ECM Approach","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2609731016","mag":"2609731016"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2609731016","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEDS/article/download/36314/37319","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764971080","display_name":"Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development","issn_l":"2222-1700","issn":["2222-1700","2222-2855"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320723","host_organization_name":"IISTE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320723"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IISTE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074007102","display_name":"Rashid Saleh Juma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rashid Saleh Juma","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101843862","display_name":"Hongbing Ouyang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8269-8243","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8269-8243","https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4181-5102"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongbing Ouyang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8269-8243","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110486925","display_name":"Abeid Ahmed Ramadhan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abeid Ahmed Ramadhan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112121927","display_name":"Jinghan Cai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinghan Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05643825,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"6","first_page":"132","last_page":"140"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11168","display_name":"International Development and Aid","score":0.9398999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11168","display_name":"International Development and Aid","score":0.9398999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":0.031199999153614044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13867","display_name":"Economic Growth and Development","score":0.006500000134110451,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-borrowing","display_name":"foreign borrowing","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-aid","display_name":"foreign aid","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exchange-rates","display_name":"exchange rates","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-exchange-reserves","display_name":"foreign exchange reserves","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tanzania","display_name":"Tanzania","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-run-cointegration","display_name":"long-run cointegration","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/short-run-dynamics","display_name":"short-run dynamics","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-aid-dependence","display_name":"foreign aid dependence","score":0.5109999775886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779357621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655495","display_name":"Tanzania","level":2,"score":0.8898231983184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6797463297843933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.5669881105422974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776988154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66100","display_name":"Exchange rate","level":2,"score":0.5430796146392822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.5174844264984131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.4836088716983795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121232785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317617","display_name":"Foreign-exchange reserves","level":3,"score":0.47426164150238037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983132609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66076","display_name":"Foreign exchange","level":2,"score":0.4720761775970459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.43984416127204895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.42056217789649963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.2653999328613281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.11185872554779053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2609731016","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEDS/article/download/36314/37319","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764971080","display_name":"Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development","issn_l":"2222-1700","issn":["2222-1700","2222-2855"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320723","host_organization_name":"IISTE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320723"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IISTE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.7257999777793884}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493414495","https://openalex.org/W2074722819","https://openalex.org/W2083417247","https://openalex.org/W2145920526","https://openalex.org/W2381998133","https://openalex.org/W2394805135","https://openalex.org/W2584362726","https://openalex.org/W3123248704"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4400835005","https://openalex.org/W7017443614","https://openalex.org/W2596180085","https://openalex.org/W4415964225","https://openalex.org/W6912035599","https://openalex.org/W7056272130","https://openalex.org/W201303122","https://openalex.org/W2522370564","https://openalex.org/W3042451983","https://openalex.org/W2381998133"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,32,42,74],"aim":[1],"of":[2,10,25,37,118],"this":[3],"paper":[4],"is":[5],"to":[6,27,126,133,140],"examine":[7],"the":[8,11,23,35,46,79,108,127],"effect":[9],"external":[12,52,82],"borrowing":[13,53],"and":[14,51,57,68,84,91,138],"foreign":[15,47,63,119,145],"aid":[16,64,98,120],"on":[17,144],"economic":[18,60,72,94,105,128],"growth":[19,61,95,106],"in":[20,107],"Tanzania":[21,111,161],"over":[22],"period":[24],"1992":[26],"2014":[28],"using":[29],"ECM":[30],"approach.":[31],"results":[33,43],"reveal":[34],"presence":[36],"long-run":[38],"co-integration":[39],"among":[40],"variables.":[41],"shows":[44,77],"that":[45,78],"reserves,":[48,81],"exchange":[49,85],"rate":[50,86],"have":[54,87],"positive":[55,89],"relationship":[56,70,90,101],"significant":[58,92],"with":[59,71,93,104],"while":[62,96],"has":[65,99],"a":[66,88],"negative":[67,100],"insignificant":[69,103],"growth.":[73],"result":[75],"also":[76],"Foreign":[80,97,155],"borrowing,":[83],"but":[102],"short-run.":[109],"\u00a0The":[110],"government":[112],"should":[113],"look":[114],"for":[115],"another":[116],"modality":[117],"which":[121],"can":[122],"be":[123],"more":[124,135],"productivity":[125],"development":[129],"as":[130,132],"well":[131],"mobilize":[134],"domestic":[136],"savings":[137],"revenue":[139],"reduce":[141],"much":[142],"dependence":[143],"aid.":[146],"Keywords:":[150],"External":[152],"Borrowing,":[153],"ECM,":[154],"Aid,":[156],"Economic":[157],"Growth,":[158],"Exchange":[159],"rate,":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-25T08:18:29.962427","created_date":"2017-05-05T00:00:00"}