{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2608595774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8040","title":"Financial Inclusion and Inclusive Growth: A Review of Recent Empirical Evidence","display_name":"Financial Inclusion and Inclusive Growth: A Review of Recent Empirical Evidence","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2608595774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8040","mag":"2608595774"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1596/1813-9450-8040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8040","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8040","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464317","display_name":"World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"},"volume":null,"type":"report","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8040","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110601803","display_name":"Asli Demirg\u00fc\u00e7\u2010Kunt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2107-5461","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2107-5461"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asli Demirguc-Kunt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Development Research Group"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Development Research Group","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038881190","display_name":"Leora F. Klapper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3454-3279","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3454-3279"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leora Klapper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Development Research Group"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Development Research Group","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018489601","display_name":"Dorothe Singer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dorothe Singer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Development Research Group"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Development Research Group","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":881,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10987","display_name":"Microfinance and Financial Inclusion","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10987","display_name":"Microfinance and Financial Inclusion","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13867","display_name":"Economic Growth and Development","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10517","display_name":"Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-inclusion","display_name":"financial inclusion","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inclusive-growth","display_name":"inclusive growth","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-services","display_name":"financial services","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/savings-accounts","display_name":"savings accounts","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loans","display_name":"loans","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insurance","display_name":"insurance","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women","display_name":"women","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty","display_name":"poverty","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-development","display_name":"economic development","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/barriers-to-financial-inclusion","display_name":"barriers to financial inclusion","score":0.843999981880188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779251847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60852","display_name":"Financial inclusion","level":3,"score":0.9505405426025391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.7208701372146606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109359841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728944","display_name":"Inclusion (mineral)","level":2,"score":0.6891119480133057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139043278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837171","display_name":"Financial services","level":2,"score":0.5321668386459351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.43631380796432495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.43575966358184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.3727613687515259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3586848974227905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.10210707783699036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.09963613748550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1596/1813-9450-8040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8040","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8040","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464317","display_name":"World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:8040","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/403611493134249446/pdf/WPS8040.pdf","pdf_url":"http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/403611493134249446/pdf/WPS8040.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:3124571202","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ideas.repec.org/p/wbk/wbrwps/8040.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:openknowledge.worldbank.org:10986/26479","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10986/26479","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196270","display_name":"The World Bank Open Knowledge Repository (World Bank)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","host_organization_name":"World Bank","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Working Paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1596/1813-9450-8040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8040","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8040","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464317","display_name":"World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7578999996185303,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"score":0.7257999777793884,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"score":0.41670000553131104,"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2608595774.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2608595774.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W111221040","https://openalex.org/W172618368","https://openalex.org/W1546375055","https://openalex.org/W1724697369","https://openalex.org/W1852362539","https://openalex.org/W1856117400","https://openalex.org/W1980663606","https://openalex.org/W1981635403","https://openalex.org/W2001136655","https://openalex.org/W2010190155","https://openalex.org/W2027234727","https://openalex.org/W2038458296","https://openalex.org/W2050077818","https://openalex.org/W2052902050","https://openalex.org/W2063609809","https://openalex.org/W2080186747","https://openalex.org/W2084489780","https://openalex.org/W2088168671","https://openalex.org/W2089343338","https://openalex.org/W2102897370","https://openalex.org/W2116703037","https://openalex.org/W2118769226","https://openalex.org/W2128832514","https://openalex.org/W2131939564","https://openalex.org/W2139599662","https://openalex.org/W2145691096","https://openalex.org/W2152534713","https://openalex.org/W2280469666","https://openalex.org/W2287579359","https://openalex.org/W3121502504","https://openalex.org/W3121526266","https://openalex.org/W3122092010","https://openalex.org/W3122269578","https://openalex.org/W3122400365","https://openalex.org/W3122612554","https://openalex.org/W3122916816","https://openalex.org/W3122947298","https://openalex.org/W3123398302","https://openalex.org/W3123903513","https://openalex.org/W3124283237","https://openalex.org/W3124552193","https://openalex.org/W3124558260","https://openalex.org/W3125147766","https://openalex.org/W4213108078","https://openalex.org/W4230537277","https://openalex.org/W4298168313","https://openalex.org/W4301858813","https://openalex.org/W4323345597"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2903464161","https://openalex.org/W4409434478","https://openalex.org/W7075680149","https://openalex.org/W3087227852","https://openalex.org/W4389306015","https://openalex.org/W7117561842","https://openalex.org/W4402632783","https://openalex.org/W7218822196","https://openalex.org/W2982649549","https://openalex.org/W2769222690"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"is":[1],"growing":[2],"evidence":[3,34],"that":[4],"appropriate":[5],"financial":[6,24,40,72],"services":[7],"have":[8],"substantial":[9],"benefits":[10],"for":[11,76],"consumers,":[12],"especially":[13],"women":[14],"and":[15,29,50,58,74],"poor":[16],"adults.":[17],"This":[18,61],"paper":[19,62],"provides":[20],"an":[21],"overview":[22],"of":[23,39,66],"inclusion":[25,73],"around":[26],"the":[27,31,37,67],"world":[28],"reviews":[30],"recent":[32],"empirical":[33],"on":[35],"how":[36],"use":[38],"products":[41],"--":[42,52],"such":[43],"as":[44],"payments":[45],"services,":[46],"savings":[47],"accounts,":[48],"loans,":[49],"insurance":[51],"can":[53],"contribute":[54],"to":[55,69],"inclusive":[56],"growth":[57],"economic":[59],"development.":[60],"also":[63],"discusses":[64],"some":[65],"challenges":[68],"achieving":[70],"greater":[71],"directions":[75],"future":[77],"research.":[78]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":90},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":160},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":143},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":151},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":110},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":79},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":85},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2017-05-05T00:00:00"}