{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2606654857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-80249-0_5","title":"Child Labour and the State","display_name":"Child Labour and the State","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2606654857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-80249-0_5","mag":"2606654857"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-0-230-80249-0_5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-80249-0_5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-80249-0_5","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Child Labour in Britain, 1750\u20131870","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W363353218","display_name":"Child Labour in Britain, 1750\u20131870"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108669720","display_name":"Peter Kirby","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter Kirby","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108669720"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.30795793,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"93","last_page":"130"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.9595000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.9595000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13158","display_name":"Political and Economic history of UK and US","score":0.021900000050663948,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13763","display_name":"Historical Legal Studies and Society","score":0.00430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-labor","display_name":"child labor","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-legislation","display_name":"state legislation","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factory-reform","display_name":"factory reform","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/education-legislation","display_name":"education legislation","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industry-regulation","display_name":"industry regulation","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/19th-century","display_name":"19th century","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parliamentary-inquiry","display_name":"parliamentary inquiry","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inspectorate","display_name":"inspectorate","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robert-owen","display_name":"Robert Owen","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lord-shaftesbury","display_name":"Lord Shaftesbury","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alfred-marshall","display_name":"Alfred Marshall","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-history-of-childhood","display_name":"social history of childhood","score":0.39100000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5799244046211243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3452891707420349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.3450690805912018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.14997419714927673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.04050949215888977}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-0-230-80249-0_5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-80249-0_5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-80249-0_5","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Child Labour in Britain, 1750\u20131870","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7297000288963318,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":110,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W416803483","https://openalex.org/W567434282","https://openalex.org/W596975920","https://openalex.org/W605474933","https://openalex.org/W630618669","https://openalex.org/W652910935","https://openalex.org/W1513308927","https://openalex.org/W1558450763","https://openalex.org/W1582537365","https://openalex.org/W1593780389","https://openalex.org/W1597154745","https://openalex.org/W1779423624","https://openalex.org/W1923975665","https://openalex.org/W1949394737","https://openalex.org/W1971944079","https://openalex.org/W1975624059","https://openalex.org/W1977688022","https://openalex.org/W1980214528","https://openalex.org/W1981054525","https://openalex.org/W1987339214","https://openalex.org/W1991327674","https://openalex.org/W1991454064","https://openalex.org/W1994392517","https://openalex.org/W2017189538","https://openalex.org/W2023329848","https://openalex.org/W2025075264","https://openalex.org/W2034365371","https://openalex.org/W2035184657","https://openalex.org/W2037213252","https://openalex.org/W2042208222","https://openalex.org/W2042318186","https://openalex.org/W2052920003","https://openalex.org/W2062100935","https://openalex.org/W2063694670","https://openalex.org/W2064597557","https://openalex.org/W2065898818","https://openalex.org/W2071246758","https://openalex.org/W2072511910","https://openalex.org/W2078742564","https://openalex.org/W2080633651","https://openalex.org/W2087347883","https://openalex.org/W2091245183","https://openalex.org/W2099809051","https://openalex.org/W2110525366","https://openalex.org/W2111036540","https://openalex.org/W2123869307","https://openalex.org/W2159040052","https://openalex.org/W2164341519","https://openalex.org/W2165550691","https://openalex.org/W2170241483","https://openalex.org/W2170906551","https://openalex.org/W2172050112","https://openalex.org/W2247669490","https://openalex.org/W2294545967","https://openalex.org/W2313020529","https://openalex.org/W2317440417","https://openalex.org/W2320264571","https://openalex.org/W2323631563","https://openalex.org/W2326039442","https://openalex.org/W2332641230","https://openalex.org/W2476235972","https://openalex.org/W2480821659","https://openalex.org/W2492618707","https://openalex.org/W2499674862","https://openalex.org/W2570940823","https://openalex.org/W2571335033","https://openalex.org/W2801292056","https://openalex.org/W2802128602","https://openalex.org/W2908289581","https://openalex.org/W2910450920","https://openalex.org/W2974351554","https://openalex.org/W3042577483","https://openalex.org/W3122386789","https://openalex.org/W4212817675","https://openalex.org/W4213112867","https://openalex.org/W4231161972","https://openalex.org/W4234279741","https://openalex.org/W4235390726","https://openalex.org/W4238133202","https://openalex.org/W4244204476","https://openalex.org/W4248276427","https://openalex.org/W4248817058","https://openalex.org/W4249358934","https://openalex.org/W4249530969","https://openalex.org/W4251647140","https://openalex.org/W4254273534","https://openalex.org/W4293305657","https://openalex.org/W4293408071","https://openalex.org/W4300767445","https://openalex.org/W4301436602","https://openalex.org/W4302187941","https://openalex.org/W4302559843","https://openalex.org/W4302789443","https://openalex.org/W4388391363","https://openalex.org/W4401823771","https://openalex.org/W6601712553","https://openalex.org/W6603609500","https://openalex.org/W6604594722","https://openalex.org/W6606746749","https://openalex.org/W6608132858","https://openalex.org/W6608236148","https://openalex.org/W6609364742","https://openalex.org/W6631215253","https://openalex.org/W6685902033","https://openalex.org/W6726035721","https://openalex.org/W6788523784","https://openalex.org/W6812308357","https://openalex.org/W6826393324","https://openalex.org/W6830461358","https://openalex.org/W7046129663"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4393211688","https://openalex.org/W2767790116","https://openalex.org/W2911557385","https://openalex.org/W1582203960","https://openalex.org/W2479259919","https://openalex.org/W2905373093","https://openalex.org/W4285347513","https://openalex.org/W4242030204","https://openalex.org/W3125399387","https://openalex.org/W2624321028"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,85,140],"secular":[1],"decline":[2,135],"of":[3,17,26,31,37,45,61,70,75,82,103,136,153,169,178,189,202,211,232],"child":[4,71,137],"labour":[5,72],"during":[6,41],"the":[7,24,34,42,46,62,80,101,125,134,150,154,187,199,230],"nineteenth":[8],"century":[9,48],"has":[10,217],"traditionally":[11],"been":[12,131],"explained":[13],"as":[14,52,106,120],"a":[15,18,76,160,167,175,195],"result":[16],"struggle":[19,78],"for":[20,79,159],"factory":[21],"reform":[22],"and":[23,54,57,94,96,113,181,186,225],"introduction":[25],"education":[27],"laws.":[28],"This":[29],"form":[30],"analysis":[32],"dominated":[33],"detailed":[35],"studies":[36],"state":[38,128,184],"legislation":[39,129,185],"produced":[40],"first":[43],"half":[44,152],"twentieth":[47,155],"by":[49,147,174,183],"historians":[50,65,148],"such":[51,105,119],"Hutchins":[53],"Harrison,":[55],"Robson":[56],"Thomas.":[58],"1":[59],"Many":[60],"early":[63,208],"social":[64,170],"overtly":[66],"couched":[67],"their":[68,236],"discussions":[69],"in":[73,92,133,149,163,165,229,238],"terms":[74],"political":[77],"achievement":[81],"industrial":[83,200],"regulation.":[84],"Hammonds":[86],"concentrated":[87],"almost":[88],"exclusively":[89],"upon":[90,100,142],"children":[91,204,220],"factories":[93,224],"mines,":[95],"placed":[97],"great":[98],"stress":[99,141],"campaigns":[102,234],"humanitarians":[104],"Robert":[107],"Owen,":[108],"John":[109],"Fielden,":[110],"Michael":[111],"Sadler":[112],"Lord":[114],"Shaftesbury.":[115],"2":[116],"Contemporary":[117],"economists":[118],"Alfred":[121],"Marshall":[122],"also":[123],"encouraged":[124],"belief":[126],"that":[127,194,219],"had":[130],"instrumental":[132],"labour.":[138],"3":[139],"legislative":[143],"progress":[144],"was":[145],"continued":[146],"second":[151],"century.":[156],"MacDonagh":[157],"argued":[158,218],"nineteenth-century":[161],"\u2018revolution\u2019":[162],"government":[164],"which":[166],"variety":[168],"\u2018evils\u2019":[171],"were":[172,221],"identified":[173],"widening":[176],"scope":[177],"parliamentary":[179,209],"inquiries":[180],"remedied":[182],"establishment":[188],"inspectorates.":[190],"4":[191],"Walvin":[192],"suggested":[193],"\u2018growing":[196],"sensitivity":[197],"to":[198,207,227],"conditions":[201],"\u2026":[203,205],"led":[206],"control":[210],"labour\u2019":[212],"and,":[213],"more":[214],"recently,":[215],"Seccombe":[216],"\u2018withdrawn":[222],"from":[223],"sent":[226],"school":[228],"face":[231],"mass":[233],"against":[235],"exploitation":[237],"industry\u2019.":[239],"5":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2017-04-28T00:00:00"}