{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2606509779","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2017.1303417","title":"Assessment of a \u201cTransgender Identity Stigma\u201d scale among trans women in India: Findings from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses","display_name":"Assessment of a \u201cTransgender Identity Stigma\u201d scale among trans women in India: Findings from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-04-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2606509779","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2017.1303417","mag":"2606509779"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/15532739.2017.1303417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2017.1303417","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2017.1303417","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S143207394","display_name":"International Journal of Transgenderism","issn_l":"1434-4599","issn":["1434-4599","1553-2739"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Transgenderism","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033766235","display_name":"Venkatesan Chakrapani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9998-9135","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9998-9135"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800658603","display_name":"Humsafar Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/03f614z16","country_code":"IN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800658603"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127262","display_name":"Centre for Sexuality and Health Research and Policy","ror":"https://ror.org/03j36fp95","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127262"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45294948","display_name":"Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/009nfym65","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45294948"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Venkatesan Chakrapani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Sexuality and Health Research and Policy, Chennai, India","Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India","The Humsafar Trust, Mumbai, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9998-9135","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Sexuality and Health Research and Policy, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127262"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45294948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Humsafar Trust, Mumbai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800658603"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110849962","display_name":"Pandara Purayil Vijin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127262","display_name":"Centre for Sexuality and Health Research and Policy","ror":"https://ror.org/03j36fp95","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127262"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pandara Purayil Vijin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Sexuality and Health Research and Policy, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Sexuality and Health Research and Policy, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127262"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024327469","display_name":"Carmen H. Logie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-433X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-433X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carmen H. Logie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work/Centre for Applied Social Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work/Centre for Applied Social Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057332037","display_name":"Peter A. Newman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0444-5915","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0444-5915"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter A. Newman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work/Centre for Applied Social Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work/Centre for Applied Social Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024549989","display_name":"Murali Shunmugam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8852-6810","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8852-6810"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127262","display_name":"Centre for Sexuality and Health Research and Policy","ror":"https://ror.org/03j36fp95","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127262"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Murali Shunmugam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Sexuality and Health Research and Policy, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8852-6810","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Sexuality and Health Research and Policy, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127262"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069890975","display_name":"Murugesan Sivasubramanian","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800658603","display_name":"Humsafar Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/03f614z16","country_code":"IN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800658603"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Murugesan Sivasubramanian","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Humsafar Trust, Mumbai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Humsafar Trust, Mumbai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800658603"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043812086","display_name":"Miriam Samuel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1258-435X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1258-435X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405277150","display_name":"Madras Christian College","ror":"https://ror.org/01nbfne03","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405277150"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miriam Samuel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Social Work, Madras Christian College, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Social Work, Madras Christian College, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405277150"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033766235"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800658603","https://openalex.org/I4210127262","https://openalex.org/I45294948"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9063,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85533839,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"3","first_page":"271","last_page":"281"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10156","display_name":"LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10156","display_name":"LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12275","display_name":"Gender and Feminist Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transgender-women","display_name":"transgender women","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-development","display_name":"scale development","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychometric-validation","display_name":"psychometric validation","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factor-structure","display_name":"factor structure","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enacted-stigma","display_name":"enacted stigma","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transphobia","display_name":"transphobia","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hijra","display_name":"hijrah","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/india","display_name":"India","score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stigma-reduction-interventions","display_name":"stigma reduction interventions","score":0.5849999785423279}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106906290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140909","display_name":"Cronbach's alpha","level":3,"score":0.6921809315681458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6841515302658081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49453240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1592163","display_name":"Construct validity","level":3,"score":0.6689446568489075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779671885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189125","display_name":"Transgender","level":2,"score":0.6328794956207275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165957694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421350","display_name":"Exploratory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.606768786907196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40722632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5160137","display_name":"Confirmatory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.5841627717018127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168285401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427245","display_name":"Stigma (botany)","level":2,"score":0.5721079707145691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.5439625978469849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182050348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5186576","display_name":"Criterion validity","level":4,"score":0.45298606157302856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.44050851464271545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.42921581864356995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.33684706687927246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.30631908774375916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.17779415845870972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.16269171237945557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/15532739.2017.1303417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2017.1303417","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2017.1303417","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S143207394","display_name":"International Journal of Transgenderism","issn_l":"1434-4599","issn":["1434-4599","1553-2739"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Transgenderism","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.6025999784469604},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.4000000059604645}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W402121243","https://openalex.org/W655763819","https://openalex.org/W1435761113","https://openalex.org/W1484864026","https://openalex.org/W1501455404","https://openalex.org/W1688222071","https://openalex.org/W1855539512","https://openalex.org/W1921355529","https://openalex.org/W1968150015","https://openalex.org/W1969738008","https://openalex.org/W1976769065","https://openalex.org/W1986348271","https://openalex.org/W1995814464","https://openalex.org/W2006922631","https://openalex.org/W2009303671","https://openalex.org/W2017049498","https://openalex.org/W2017071524","https://openalex.org/W2019137427","https://openalex.org/W2022995286","https://openalex.org/W2030863659","https://openalex.org/W2034108143","https://openalex.org/W2036149274","https://openalex.org/W2036436550","https://openalex.org/W2042693811","https://openalex.org/W2043867338","https://openalex.org/W2046879775","https://openalex.org/W2055020233","https://openalex.org/W2055076992","https://openalex.org/W2064514539","https://openalex.org/W2068444137","https://openalex.org/W2068768019","https://openalex.org/W2089407653","https://openalex.org/W2106469727","https://openalex.org/W2115046127","https://openalex.org/W2125568653","https://openalex.org/W2125940971","https://openalex.org/W2126707150","https://openalex.org/W2133097426","https://openalex.org/W2137229734","https://openalex.org/W2143085263","https://openalex.org/W2162951820","https://openalex.org/W2262761898","https://openalex.org/W2263645987","https://openalex.org/W2333943139","https://openalex.org/W2508766004","https://openalex.org/W2528062912","https://openalex.org/W2547783740","https://openalex.org/W2548345830","https://openalex.org/W4210925015","https://openalex.org/W4300810154"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3005646227","https://openalex.org/W4410040035","https://openalex.org/W2068768019","https://openalex.org/W2533711168","https://openalex.org/W4413212665","https://openalex.org/W4205139690","https://openalex.org/W2997461339","https://openalex.org/W4410213079","https://openalex.org/W4390953807","https://openalex.org/W4293235934"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Sexual":[1],"minority":[2],"stigma":[3,22,164,170,203,226,242],"has":[4],"been":[5],"shown":[6],"to":[7,32,35,55,66,125,188,201],"influence":[8],"mental":[9],"health":[10],"and":[11,39,57,65,108,111,151,167,180,198,204,234,237],"sexual":[12],"risk,":[13],"but":[14],"limited":[15],"research":[16],"is":[17],"available":[18],"on":[19,94],"measuring":[20],"transgender-identity":[21],"among":[23,48,76,228],"trans":[24,49,78,208,232],"women":[25,50,79,209],"in":[26,51,86,210,221,225,235],"India.":[27,52,87,211],"We":[28,53,97],"adapted":[29],"an":[30],"Exposure":[31],"Transphobia":[33],"scale":[34,200],"the":[36,59,63,134,195,223,239],"Indian":[37],"context":[38],"tested":[40],"a":[41,73],"14-item":[42],"Transgender":[43,137],"Identity":[44,138],"Stigma":[45,139],"Questionnaire":[46],"(TGISQ)":[47],"aimed":[54],"assess":[56,67,126],"validate":[58],"factor":[60,101,123],"structure":[61],"of":[62,91,133,231,241],"TGISQ":[64,89],"its":[68],"reliability.Methods:":[69],"Data":[70],"were":[71],"from":[72,82],"cross-sectional":[74],"survey":[75],"300":[77],"(including":[80],"hijras/thirunangais)":[81],"six":[83],"urban/semi-urban":[84],"sites":[85],"The":[88,173,184],"consisted":[90],"self-reported":[92],"ratings":[93],"14":[95],"items.":[96],"initially":[98],"conducted":[99,121],"exploratory":[100],"analysis,":[102],"using":[103,116],"principal":[104],"axis":[105],"factoring":[106],"(PAF)":[107],"promax":[109],"rotation,":[110],"assessed":[112],"reliability":[113,179],"(internal":[114],"consistency)":[115],"Cronbach's":[117],"alpha;":[118],"we":[119],"then":[120],"confirmatory":[122],"analysis":[124],"construct":[127,182],"validity":[128,132],"(factorial":[129],"validity).":[130],"Construct":[131],"final":[135,174],"13-item":[136,175],"Scale":[140],"(TGISS)":[141],"was":[142,186],"also":[143],"examined":[144],"by":[145,207],"computing":[146],"Pearson's":[147],"correlations":[148],"between":[149],"TGISS":[150,176,185],"relevant":[152],"theoretical":[153],"constructs":[154],"(e.g.,":[155],"depression,":[156],"social":[157],"support).Results:":[158],"PAF":[159],"identified":[160],"two":[161],"factors:":[162],"enacted":[163],"(5":[165],"items)":[166],"felt":[168],"normative":[169],"(8":[171],"items).":[172],"had":[177],"high":[178],"acceptable":[181],"validity.Conclusions:":[183],"found":[187],"have":[189],"adequate":[190],"psychometric":[191],"properties,":[192],"making":[193],"it":[194],"first":[196],"valid":[197],"reliable":[199],"measure":[202],"discrimination":[205],"faced":[206],"Future":[212],"studies":[213],"can":[214],"further":[215],"refine":[216],"TGISS,":[217],"which":[218],"might":[219],"help":[220],"comparing":[222],"differences":[224],"experiences":[227],"diverse":[229],"subgroups":[230],"women,":[233],"monitoring":[236],"evaluating":[238],"success":[240],"reduction":[243],"programs.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2017-04-28T00:00:00"}