{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2606456715","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su9040661","title":"Eco-Efficiency Evaluation Considering Environmental Stringency","display_name":"Eco-Efficiency Evaluation Considering Environmental Stringency","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2606456715","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su9040661","mag":"2606456715"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su9040661","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su9040661","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su9040661","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/4/661/pdf?version=1493173482","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/4/661/pdf?version=1493173482","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016120675","display_name":"Pyoungsoo Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5080-868X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5080-868X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67900169","display_name":"Chung-Ang University","ror":"https://ror.org/01r024a98","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67900169"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pyoungsoo Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea E-Trade Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea E-Trade Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67900169"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029786947","display_name":"You\u2010Jin Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1006-5380","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1006-5380"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67900169","display_name":"Chung-Ang University","ror":"https://ror.org/01r024a98","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67900169"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"You-Jin Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Business Administration, College of Business and Economics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1006-5380","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business Administration, College of Business and Economics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67900169"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029786947"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67900169"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"fwci":2.9625,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90912535,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"4","first_page":"661","last_page":"661"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10357","display_name":"Efficiency Analysis Using DEA","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10357","display_name":"Efficiency Analysis Using DEA","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10435","display_name":"Environmental Impact and Sustainability","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10880","display_name":"Environmental Sustainability in Business","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eco-efficiency","display_name":"eco-efficiency","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-stringency","display_name":"environmental stringency","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-regulation","display_name":"environmental regulation","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operational-efficiency","display_name":"operational efficiency","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pollution-intensity","display_name":"pollution intensity","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-production-systems","display_name":"agricultural production systems","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-making-units","display_name":"decision making units","score":0.7039999961853027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22088475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647974","display_name":"Data envelopment analysis","level":2,"score":0.8725281357765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145025406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294882","display_name":"Eco-efficiency","level":3,"score":0.733123779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6759124994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5453732013702393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.5406666994094849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.5296382904052734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778964270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7097774","display_name":"Operational efficiency","level":2,"score":0.5295019149780273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986080485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331926","display_name":"Decision maker","level":2,"score":0.5040715932846069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4928429126739502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.4747134745121002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.4683026075363159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109332788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q615445","display_name":"Economic efficiency","level":2,"score":0.45102307200431824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909468537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Environmental pollution","level":2,"score":0.410478413105011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.24941635131835938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2338537871837616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2330690622329712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.22425398230552673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.2241484820842743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.21849459409713745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17404383420944214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.14245495200157166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09847551584243774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.07728806138038635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/su9040661","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su9040661","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su9040661","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/4/661/pdf?version=1493173482","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:9:y:2017:i:4:p:661-:d:96486","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/4/661/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su9040661","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su9040661","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su9040661","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/4/661/pdf?version=1493173482","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.833299994468689}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2606456715.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2606456715.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W992988139","https://openalex.org/W1493453984","https://openalex.org/W1963526703","https://openalex.org/W1968936416","https://openalex.org/W1975274625","https://openalex.org/W1978994103","https://openalex.org/W1980511352","https://openalex.org/W1992382000","https://openalex.org/W2002927225","https://openalex.org/W2006568075","https://openalex.org/W2007306689","https://openalex.org/W2010007221","https://openalex.org/W2016985154","https://openalex.org/W2027173513","https://openalex.org/W2030083085","https://openalex.org/W2032076993","https://openalex.org/W2040467954","https://openalex.org/W2041364633","https://openalex.org/W2043513935","https://openalex.org/W2050248718","https://openalex.org/W2062593961","https://openalex.org/W2064275548","https://openalex.org/W2064515923","https://openalex.org/W2065516052","https://openalex.org/W2065729856","https://openalex.org/W2074531309","https://openalex.org/W2076452041","https://openalex.org/W2081292462","https://openalex.org/W2081703837","https://openalex.org/W2083735708","https://openalex.org/W2084562769","https://openalex.org/W2088865440","https://openalex.org/W2096623256","https://openalex.org/W2098704515","https://openalex.org/W2098940796","https://openalex.org/W2107885114","https://openalex.org/W2133004196","https://openalex.org/W2156577211","https://openalex.org/W2315893212","https://openalex.org/W2338828652","https://openalex.org/W2892315423"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2062593961","https://openalex.org/W2926755505","https://openalex.org/W2000938435","https://openalex.org/W1517289731","https://openalex.org/W2375447001","https://openalex.org/W2258424961","https://openalex.org/W2151227488","https://openalex.org/W2803576524","https://openalex.org/W6922721693","https://openalex.org/W2355836504"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,145],"proposes":[2],"an":[3],"extended":[4],"data":[5],"envelopment":[6],"analysis":[7],"(DEA)":[8],"model":[9,20,90],"for":[10,42],"deriving":[11],"eco-efficiency.":[12],"In":[13],"order":[14],"to":[15,49,107,127],"derive":[16],"eco-efficiency,":[17],"the":[18,22,40,44,65,69,73,80,96,104,116,137,141,147],"proposed":[19,89],"utilizes":[21],"concepts":[23],"of":[24,75,98,123],"operational":[25,35,55],"efficiency":[26,36],"and":[27,37,56],"environmental":[28,38,57,66,77,153],"efficiency.":[29],"Since":[30],"DEA":[31],"can":[32,155],"separately":[33],"measure":[34],"efficiency,":[39],"treatment":[41],"constructing":[43],"unified":[45],"indicator":[46],"is":[47],"required":[48,94],"ultimately":[50],"evaluate":[51,108],"eco-efficiency":[52,112,132],"through":[53],"balancing":[54],"concerns.":[58],"To":[59],"achieve":[60],"this":[61,144],"goal,":[62],"we":[63,135],"define":[64],"stringency":[67,138],"as":[68,93],"business":[70,117],"condition":[71],"reflecting":[72],"degree":[74],"enforcing":[76],"regulations":[78],"across":[79],"firms":[81],"or":[82],"particular":[83],"industries":[84],"in":[85,100,159],"different":[86,152],"countries.":[87],"The":[88],"provides":[91],"flexibility,":[92],"by":[95,150],"pollution-intensity":[97],"industry,":[99],"that":[101],"it":[102],"allows":[103],"decision":[105],"maker":[106],"DMU\u2019s":[109],"(decision-making":[110],"unit)":[111],"appropriately":[113],"depending":[114],"on":[115],"environment.":[118],"We":[119],"present":[120],"a":[121],"case":[122],"agricultural":[124],"production":[125],"systems":[126],"help":[128],"readers":[129],"understand":[130],"what":[131],"becomes":[133],"when":[134],"vary":[136],"conditions.":[139],"Through":[140],"illustrative":[142],"example,":[143],"presents":[146],"potential":[148],"application":[149],"which":[151],"stringencies":[154],"successively":[156],"be":[157],"incorporated":[158],"DEA.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2017-04-28T00:00:00"}