{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2606445908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2017.1310802","title":"Delirium clinical motor subtypes: a narrative review of the literature and insights from neurobiology","display_name":"Delirium clinical motor subtypes: a narrative review of the literature and insights from neurobiology","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-04-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2606445908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2017.1310802","mag":"2606445908","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28394177"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/13607863.2017.1310802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2017.1310802","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2017.1310802","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165966931","display_name":"Aging & Mental Health","issn_l":"1360-7863","issn":["1360-7863","1364-6915"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Aging &amp; Mental Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103126909","display_name":"James Fitzgerald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3946-5430","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3946-5430"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1295121038","display_name":"Leeds General Infirmary","ror":"https://ror.org/04hrjej96","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295121038","https://openalex.org/I2799390153"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799390153","display_name":"Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4dac24","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799390153"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James M. FitzGerald","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospital Trust, Leeds, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospital Trust, Leeds, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295121038","https://openalex.org/I2799390153"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103126909"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295121038","https://openalex.org/I2799390153"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3226,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.29110512,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"4","first_page":"431","last_page":"443"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10867","display_name":"Intensive Care Unit Cognitive Disorders","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10867","display_name":"Intensive Care Unit Cognitive Disorders","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12494","display_name":"Alcoholism and Thiamine Deficiency","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10416","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delirium","display_name":"delirium","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-subtypes","display_name":"motor subtypes","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frailty","display_name":"frailty","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-exposure","display_name":"drug exposure","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-classification","display_name":"disease classification","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensive-care-unit-delirium","display_name":"intensive care unit delirium","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postoperative-delirium","display_name":"postoperative delirium","score":0.9419999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779753318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160796","display_name":"Delirium","level":2,"score":0.6787184476852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5415821671485901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4865323603153229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.47873184084892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.4630603492259979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.34165865182876587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.29123103618621826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.08634001016616821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003693","descriptor_name":"Delirium","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003693","descriptor_name":"Delirium","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003693","descriptor_name":"Delirium","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009069","descriptor_name":"Movement Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009069","descriptor_name":"Movement Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009069","descriptor_name":"Movement Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009446","descriptor_name":"Neurobiology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/13607863.2017.1310802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2017.1310802","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2017.1310802","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165966931","display_name":"Aging & Mental Health","issn_l":"1360-7863","issn":["1360-7863","1364-6915"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Aging &amp; Mental Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28394177","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28394177","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Aging & mental health","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9763000011444092,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":135,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W17191624","https://openalex.org/W158332845","https://openalex.org/W253309314","https://openalex.org/W1502717516","https://openalex.org/W1505808688","https://openalex.org/W1522341767","https://openalex.org/W1529535532","https://openalex.org/W1539400338","https://openalex.org/W1562463929","https://openalex.org/W1606659366","https://openalex.org/W1715265662","https://openalex.org/W1902551328","https://openalex.org/W1965275927","https://openalex.org/W1965963963","https://openalex.org/W1973069139","https://openalex.org/W1973241479","https://openalex.org/W1974549586","https://openalex.org/W1975176620","https://openalex.org/W1975979465","https://openalex.org/W1976657133","https://openalex.org/W1978965816","https://openalex.org/W1980501956","https://openalex.org/W1982025452","https://openalex.org/W1985664398","https://openalex.org/W1990507290","https://openalex.org/W1990728631","https://openalex.org/W1991312589","https://openalex.org/W1992494985","https://openalex.org/W1993959754","https://openalex.org/W1995522446","https://openalex.org/W1999563499","https://openalex.org/W2000145032","https://openalex.org/W2001360417","https://openalex.org/W2002203825","https://openalex.org/W2003302378","https://openalex.org/W2005951225","https://openalex.org/W2006018143","https://openalex.org/W2007839079","https://openalex.org/W2011152995","https://openalex.org/W2011841102","https://openalex.org/W2016695380","https://openalex.org/W2016967960","https://openalex.org/W2026283962","https://openalex.org/W2026514867","https://openalex.org/W2027654356","https://openalex.org/W2028964226","https://openalex.org/W2032139276","https://openalex.org/W2032238660","https://openalex.org/W2032738910","https://openalex.org/W2034011105","https://openalex.org/W2037615335","https://openalex.org/W2039008620","https://openalex.org/W2040415650","https://openalex.org/W2042959301","https://openalex.org/W2046790400","https://openalex.org/W2047449436","https://openalex.org/W2048294687","https://openalex.org/W2049268443","https://openalex.org/W2053088233","https://openalex.org/W2053210485","https://openalex.org/W2060245962","https://openalex.org/W2061879864","https://openalex.org/W2063170017","https://openalex.org/W2065709726","https://openalex.org/W2067810785","https://openalex.org/W2069260566","https://openalex.org/W2075401882","https://openalex.org/W2076361632","https://openalex.org/W2077659983","https://openalex.org/W2077691311","https://openalex.org/W2078432798","https://openalex.org/W2078581451","https://openalex.org/W2080039219","https://openalex.org/W2081765128","https://openalex.org/W2082334970","https://openalex.org/W2086128805","https://openalex.org/W2086540672","https://openalex.org/W2088599193","https://openalex.org/W2092201721","https://openalex.org/W2096499100","https://openalex.org/W2101917330","https://openalex.org/W2103680848","https://openalex.org/W2105441954","https://openalex.org/W2106360908","https://openalex.org/W2113100598","https://openalex.org/W2114610133","https://openalex.org/W2114934498","https://openalex.org/W2115781672","https://openalex.org/W2116601790","https://openalex.org/W2120046395","https://openalex.org/W2121852738","https://openalex.org/W2122289602","https://openalex.org/W2126209992","https://openalex.org/W2132301123","https://openalex.org/W2133203425","https://openalex.org/W2136929908","https://openalex.org/W2139225981","https://openalex.org/W2141710162","https://openalex.org/W2143222747","https://openalex.org/W2143587366","https://openalex.org/W2147442959","https://openalex.org/W2152274796","https://openalex.org/W2154774968","https://openalex.org/W2154933720","https://openalex.org/W2155407474","https://openalex.org/W2156079671","https://openalex.org/W2157853130","https://openalex.org/W2158104624","https://openalex.org/W2158675084","https://openalex.org/W2159784527","https://openalex.org/W2162999314","https://openalex.org/W2163725438","https://openalex.org/W2164000086","https://openalex.org/W2164384286","https://openalex.org/W2166251489","https://openalex.org/W2168743921","https://openalex.org/W2169389368","https://openalex.org/W2171324828","https://openalex.org/W2301725912","https://openalex.org/W2316191228","https://openalex.org/W2332602680","https://openalex.org/W2336678555","https://openalex.org/W2338834759","https://openalex.org/W2387882490","https://openalex.org/W2416360973","https://openalex.org/W2460816665","https://openalex.org/W2466589791","https://openalex.org/W2503270087","https://openalex.org/W2560358860","https://openalex.org/W3148499377","https://openalex.org/W4244215892","https://openalex.org/W4247665917","https://openalex.org/W4256184878","https://openalex.org/W4285446922","https://openalex.org/W4296976768"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W179149098","https://openalex.org/W2113100598","https://openalex.org/W6927896367","https://openalex.org/W6963250297","https://openalex.org/W2164432989","https://openalex.org/W7076556948","https://openalex.org/W2028964226","https://openalex.org/W1976657133","https://openalex.org/W4297200928","https://openalex.org/W1539400338"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION:":[0],"Clinical":[1],"motor":[2,27,42,64,77,112,190,198,215,237],"subtypes":[3,43,113,199,238],"have":[4],"been":[5],"long":[6],"recognised":[7],"in":[8,158,166],"delirium":[9,62,76,111,214,226,236],"and,":[10],"despite":[11],"a":[12,17,229],"growing":[13],"body":[14],"of":[15,19,25,31,41,61,70,75,128,151,189,205,209,245,250],"research,":[16],"lack":[18],"clarity":[20],"exists":[21],"regarding":[22],"the":[23,39,51,56,59,68,73,123,141,159,163,167,187,246,251],"importance":[24],"these":[26],"subtypes.":[28],"The":[29,91,126,149,207],"aims":[30],"this":[32],"review":[33],"are":[34,200],"to":[35,50,72,135,195,221,225],"(1)":[36],"examine":[37],"how":[38],"concept":[40],"has":[44,228],"evolved,":[45],"(2)":[46],"explore":[47],"their":[48],"relationship":[49,57],"clinical":[52,147],"context,":[53],"(3)":[54],"discuss":[55,67],"between":[58,115],"phenomenology":[60],"and":[63,79,84,102,117,179],"activity,":[65],"(4)":[66],"application":[69],"neurobiology":[71],"theory":[74],"subtypes,":[78],"(5)":[80],"identify":[81],"methodological":[82],"issues":[83],"provide":[85],"solutions":[86],"for":[87],"further":[88],"studies.":[89],"METHODS:":[90],"following":[92],"databases":[93],"were":[94,133,156,165],"searched:":[95],"PubMed,":[96],"PsychInfo,":[97],"EBSCO,":[98],"Medline,":[99],"BioMed":[100],"central":[101],"Science":[103],"Direct.":[104],"Inclusion":[105],"criteria":[106],"specified":[107],"peer-reviewed":[108],"research":[109],"assessing":[110],"published":[114],"1990":[116],"2016.":[118],"RESULTS:":[119],"Sixty-one":[120],"studies":[121,129,152,234],"met":[122],"inclusion":[124],"criteria.":[125,148],"majority":[127,150],"(n":[130,143,153,170],"=":[131,144,154,171],"50)":[132],"found":[134],"use":[136,208],"validated":[137],"psychometric":[138],"tools,":[139],"while":[140,162],"remainder":[142,164],"11)":[145],"used":[146],"45)":[155],"conducted":[157],"medical":[160],"setting,":[161],"ICU/post-operative":[168],"setting":[169],"17).":[172],"CONCLUSION:":[173],"Although":[174],"host":[175],"sensitivities":[176],"(e.g.":[177,182,213],"frailty)":[178],"exogenous":[180],"factors":[181],"medication":[183],"exposure)":[184],"may":[185,218,239],"determine":[186],"type":[188],"disturbance,":[191],"it":[192],"remains":[193],"unclear":[194],"what":[196],"extent":[197],"influenced":[201],"by":[202],"other":[203],"features":[204],"delirium.":[206],"more":[210],"specialised":[211],"tools":[212],"subtyping":[216],"scale),":[217],"enable":[219],"researchers":[220],"develop":[222],"an":[223],"approach":[224],"that":[227],"greater":[230],"nosological":[231],"consistency.":[232],"Future":[233],"investigating":[235],"benefit":[240],"from":[241],"enhanced":[242],"theoretical":[243],"considerations":[244],"dysfunctional":[247],"neural":[248],"substrate":[249],"delirious":[252],"state.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2017-04-28T00:00:00"}
