{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2605512752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/mic.20170226","title":"Pricing Network Effects: Competition","display_name":"Pricing Network Effects: Competition","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2605512752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/mic.20170226","mag":"2605512752"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1257/mic.20170226","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/mic.20170226","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1257/mic.20170226","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96919139","display_name":"American Economic Journal Microeconomics","issn_l":"1945-7669","issn":["1945-7669","1945-7685"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315912","host_organization_name":"American Economic Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Economic Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Economic Journal: Microeconomics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2874886","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075756530","display_name":"Itay Perah Fainmesser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9810-7591","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9810-7591"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Itay P. Fainmesser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carey Business School and the Department of Economics, the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21202 (email: )"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carey Business School and the Department of Economics, the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21202 (email: )","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036109808","display_name":"Andrea Galeotti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-9767","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-9767","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6537-2580"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61544103","display_name":"London Business School","ror":"https://ror.org/001c2sn75","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I61544103"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Galeotti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, London Business School, London, NW1 4SA, United Kingdom (email: )"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, London Business School, London, NW1 4SA, United Kingdom (email: )","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61544103"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.1377,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9672816,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"32"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11043","display_name":"Merger and Competition Analysis","score":0.41499999165534973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11043","display_name":"Merger and Competition Analysis","score":0.41499999165534973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11161","display_name":"Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing","score":0.29910001158714294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11437","display_name":"Digital Platforms and Economics","score":0.25049999356269836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/influencer-marketing","display_name":"influencer marketing","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-effects","display_name":"network effects","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oligopoly","display_name":"oligopoly","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/price-discrimination","display_name":"price discrimination","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumer-influence","display_name":"consumer influence","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-acquisition","display_name":"information acquisition","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strategic-complementarity","display_name":"strategic complementarity","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-efficiency","display_name":"market efficiency","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare","display_name":"welfare","score":0.42399999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumer-surplus","display_name":"consumer surplus","score":0.7870000004768372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167393938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q268617","display_name":"Economic surplus","level":3,"score":0.6669977307319641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121398111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103639","display_name":"Oligopoly","level":3,"score":0.5905855298042297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84265765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193219","display_name":"Subsidy","level":2,"score":0.5432144403457642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5392751693725586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.5300953984260559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.50999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33556415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1200129","display_name":"Product differentiation","level":3,"score":0.48831412196159363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4681200087070465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145351099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7621827","display_name":"Strategic complements","level":2,"score":0.45679783821105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.4418122470378876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.44106823205947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.40047112107276917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.38035720586776733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16520705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q601799","display_name":"Cournot competition","level":2,"score":0.34523892402648926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1257/mic.20170226","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/mic.20170226","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1257/mic.20170226","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96919139","display_name":"American Economic Journal Microeconomics","issn_l":"1945-7669","issn":["1945-7669","1945-7685"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315912","host_organization_name":"American Economic Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Economic Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Economic Journal: Microeconomics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.2874886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2874886","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2874886","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lbsresearch.london.edu:1192","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lbsresearch.london.edu/view/lbs_authors/3ccb6dec86dfdd75aa367daa257ef8ae.html>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400580","display_name":"London Business School Research Online (London Business School)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I61544103","host_organization_name":"London Business School","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61544103"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:aea:aejmic:v:12:y:2020:i:3:p:1-32","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.aeaweb.org/articles/pdf/doi/10.1257/mic.20170226","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.2874886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2874886","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2874886","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1479743331","https://openalex.org/W1487307750","https://openalex.org/W1511088604","https://openalex.org/W1957415711","https://openalex.org/W1970874697","https://openalex.org/W1972221945","https://openalex.org/W1994473607","https://openalex.org/W1996816473","https://openalex.org/W2008975493","https://openalex.org/W2011220293","https://openalex.org/W2019867686","https://openalex.org/W2020682813","https://openalex.org/W2042123098","https://openalex.org/W2044881936","https://openalex.org/W2045623532","https://openalex.org/W2051015527","https://openalex.org/W2055078707","https://openalex.org/W2061820396","https://openalex.org/W2066104563","https://openalex.org/W2072197860","https://openalex.org/W2079977107","https://openalex.org/W2085927734","https://openalex.org/W2094708258","https://openalex.org/W2095803264","https://openalex.org/W2110373679","https://openalex.org/W2115890216","https://openalex.org/W2117618537","https://openalex.org/W2125806352","https://openalex.org/W2133666991","https://openalex.org/W2136041258","https://openalex.org/W2141479572","https://openalex.org/W2149701684","https://openalex.org/W2152838072","https://openalex.org/W2169544344","https://openalex.org/W2174455094","https://openalex.org/W2280294142","https://openalex.org/W2472572344","https://openalex.org/W3006161381","https://openalex.org/W4229571425","https://openalex.org/W4298863114"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1957415711","https://openalex.org/W3125621249","https://openalex.org/W7049174692","https://openalex.org/W2174455094","https://openalex.org/W7116829425","https://openalex.org/W3124602184","https://openalex.org/W2011496592","https://openalex.org/W2276642668","https://openalex.org/W1981225945","https://openalex.org/W7164780019"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"studies":[2],"the":[3,50,81,86,92],"practice":[4],"of":[5,52,55,88,94],"influencer":[6,45,109],"marketing":[7,46,110],"in":[8,22,118],"oligopoly":[9],"markets":[10],"and":[11,36,57,73,91,136],"its":[12],"effect":[13],"on":[14,61,85,99],"market":[15],"efficiency.":[16],"We":[17],"develop":[18],"a":[19,53,103,127],"duopoly":[20],"model":[21],"which":[23],"firms":[24,65,97],"sell":[25],"horizontally":[26],"differentiated":[27],"products.":[28],"Consumers":[29],"are":[30,39,122],"influenced":[31],"by":[32],"other":[33],"consumers\u2019":[34,100,120],"choices,":[35],"some":[37],"consumers":[38,56,67],"more":[40],"influential":[41,79],"than":[42],"others.":[43],"Firms\u2019":[44,116],"strategy":[47],"involves":[48],"discovering":[49,119],"influence":[51,69],"subset":[54],"price":[58],"discriminating":[59],"based":[60],"this":[62],"information.In":[63],"equilibrium,":[64],"subsidize":[66],"whose":[68],"is":[70],"above":[71],"average":[72,78],"charge":[74],"premia":[75],"to":[76,112,126],"below":[77],"consumers;":[80],"equilibrium":[82],"premia/discounts":[83],"depend":[84],"strength":[87],"network":[89],"effects":[90],"level":[93],"information":[95,130],"that":[96,108,132],"have":[98],"influence.":[101],"From":[102],"normative":[104],"perspective,":[105],"we":[106],"show":[107],"leads":[111],"inefficient":[113],"consumer-product":[114],"matches.":[115],"investments":[117],"networks":[121],"strategic":[123],"complements,":[124],"leading":[125],"race":[128],"for":[129],"acquisition":[131],"erodes":[133],"total":[134],"surplus":[135],"firms\u2019":[137],"profits":[138],"but":[139],"increases":[140],"consumer":[141],"surplus.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2017-04-28T00:00:00"}