{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2605212890","doi":null,"title":"Minorities of One : Skeptical Naturalism in Ethics","display_name":"Minorities of One : Skeptical Naturalism in Ethics","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-04-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2605212890","mag":"2605212890"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029841509","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-951-51-2604-7","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10138/178899","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086195547","display_name":"Ari Virta","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ari Virta","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086195547"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10297","display_name":"Philosophical Ethics and Theory","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10297","display_name":"Philosophical Ethics and Theory","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12520","display_name":"Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11058","display_name":"Ethics in Business and Education","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-skepticism","display_name":"moral skepticism","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethical-naturalism","display_name":"ethical naturalism","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-psychology","display_name":"moral psychology","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-semantics","display_name":"moral semantics","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaethics","display_name":"metaethics","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-judgment","display_name":"moral judgment","score":0.5210000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-well-being","display_name":"human well-being","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-ethics","display_name":"business ethics","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adam-smith","display_name":"Adam Smith","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-theory-of-moral-sentiments","display_name":"The Theory of Moral Sentiments","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-emotions","display_name":"moral emotions","score":0.45100000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prosocial-behavior","display_name":"prosocial behavior","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individuality","display_name":"individuality","score":0.4620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individual-freedom","display_name":"individual liberty","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/framing-effects","display_name":"framing effects","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/priming-effect","display_name":"priming effect","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-evolution","display_name":"cultural evolution","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voluntary-exchange","display_name":"voluntary exchange","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/division-of-labor","display_name":"division of labor","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wealth-and-well-being","display_name":"wealth and well-being","score":0.6069999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18296254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395219","display_name":"Skepticism","level":2,"score":0.7337295413017273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43236755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56000","display_name":"Naturalism","level":2,"score":0.6127399206161499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.5097429156303406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4229009747505188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.39593085646629333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95124753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686","display_name":"Environmental ethics","level":1,"score":0.39012932777404785}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029841509","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-951-51-2604-7","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:helda.helsinki.fi:10138/178899","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10138/178899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213322","display_name":"Ty\u00f6v\u00e4entutkimus Vuosikirja","issn_l":"0784-1272","issn":["0784-1272","1459-7780"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["ddh","jufo-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"doctoralThesis"},{"id":"mag:2605212890","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/178899","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:helda.helsinki.fi:10138/178899","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10138/178899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213322","display_name":"Ty\u00f6v\u00e4entutkimus Vuosikirja","issn_l":"0784-1272","issn":["0784-1272","1459-7780"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["ddh","jufo-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"doctoralThesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W17361020","https://openalex.org/W189751278","https://openalex.org/W291175168","https://openalex.org/W620683739","https://openalex.org/W623900253","https://openalex.org/W1488217416","https://openalex.org/W1506401784","https://openalex.org/W1529664109","https://openalex.org/W1540710504","https://openalex.org/W1547087035","https://openalex.org/W1547586212","https://openalex.org/W1552718068","https://openalex.org/W1576344996","https://openalex.org/W1579934207","https://openalex.org/W1585950573","https://openalex.org/W1597156861","https://openalex.org/W1600692110","https://openalex.org/W1668418461","https://openalex.org/W1766969236","https://openalex.org/W1954045752","https://openalex.org/W1968060331","https://openalex.org/W1971183758","https://openalex.org/W1976134486","https://openalex.org/W1978981002","https://openalex.org/W1989957107","https://openalex.org/W1993091619","https://openalex.org/W2000505772","https://openalex.org/W2002005726","https://openalex.org/W2003297894","https://openalex.org/W2005525451","https://openalex.org/W2015930340","https://openalex.org/W2021840982","https://openalex.org/W2041157860","https://openalex.org/W2058695564","https://openalex.org/W2059410657","https://openalex.org/W2061848926","https://openalex.org/W2064816237","https://openalex.org/W2067274803","https://openalex.org/W2070199894","https://openalex.org/W2072267104","https://openalex.org/W2074397232","https://openalex.org/W2091906096","https://openalex.org/W2094362127","https://openalex.org/W2112602943","https://openalex.org/W2116871363","https://openalex.org/W2120840497","https://openalex.org/W2144981092","https://openalex.org/W2148300948","https://openalex.org/W2157536964","https://openalex.org/W2164546487","https://openalex.org/W2178541543","https://openalex.org/W2259441240","https://openalex.org/W2318860115","https://openalex.org/W2503518268","https://openalex.org/W2560784011","https://openalex.org/W2563870810","https://openalex.org/W2564021242","https://openalex.org/W2622173462","https://openalex.org/W2752099845","https://openalex.org/W2796592586","https://openalex.org/W2889338382","https://openalex.org/W2932949993","https://openalex.org/W2953683378","https://openalex.org/W2997971148","https://openalex.org/W3002733979","https://openalex.org/W3125349408","https://openalex.org/W3203749588","https://openalex.org/W4235070753","https://openalex.org/W4235935640"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2786241278","https://openalex.org/W649697764","https://openalex.org/W4405649493","https://openalex.org/W7096416718","https://openalex.org/W6885019387","https://openalex.org/W7096071545","https://openalex.org/W7062829539","https://openalex.org/W7119414265","https://openalex.org/W180402539","https://openalex.org/W1922704679"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,12,28,128,219,434],"dissertation":[1],"aims":[2],"to":[3,8,41,150,169,180,253,292],"provide":[4],"an":[5],"alternative":[6],"way":[7,92],"look":[9],"at":[10,46],"morality.":[11],"means":[13,57,86,104,235,302],"changing":[14],"the":[15,39,59,63,67,74,95,106,161,176,188,237,266,275,370,373,379,382,386],"traditional":[16],"division":[17,431],"of":[18,50,61,115,187,241,331,381,388,414,432],"labour":[19],"in":[20,45,53,90,112,132,157,233,244],"metaethics":[21],"between":[22],"moral":[23,26,35,102,126,141,177,246],"semantics":[24],"and":[25,37,82,196,199,212,248,270,295,313,327,395,405,417,419,425,438,444],"psychology.":[27],"gives":[29],"grounds":[30],"for":[31,78,299,324],"disconnecting":[32],"morality":[33,166],"from":[34],"judgments":[36,142,178,193],"strengthening":[38],"connection":[40],"human":[42,123,229],"well-being.":[43,83,174,445],"Finally,":[44],"least":[47],"one":[48,297],"area":[49],"applied":[51],"ethics,":[52,55],"business":[54],"this":[56,255],"acknowledging":[58,236],"minorities":[60],"one,":[62],"unique":[64],"individuals":[65],"as":[66,317],"vital":[68],"actors":[69],"whose":[70],"very":[71],"individuality":[72],"is":[73,261,268,282,365],"most":[75,366],"valuable":[76],"resource":[77],"promoting":[79],"our":[80,88,140,172,210,224,311,337,341,351,354,360,393,403,409,411,421,430,442],"wealth":[81,404,443],"It":[84,137,356],"also":[85,321],"organising":[87],"society":[89],"a":[91,158,239,290],"that":[93,118,139,265,274,303,402,427],"allows":[94],"widest":[96],"possible":[97,148,429],"individual":[98],"liberty.":[99],"Concentrating":[100],"on":[101,336,350,359,385,408],"psychology":[103],"following":[105],"thought":[107],"expressed":[108],"by":[109,146,209,369,391],"Adam":[110],"Smith":[111,285],"The":[113],"Theory":[114],"Moral":[116],"Sentiments":[117],"we":[119,205,288,304],"study":[120],"how":[121],"actual":[122,165],"beings":[124],"make":[125,428],"judgments.":[127,343],"has":[129],"been":[130],"done":[131],"many":[133],"areas":[134],"outside":[135],"philosophy.":[136],"appears":[138,168],"are":[143,206,277,305,333],"mostly":[144,170,358],"driven":[145],"their":[147,315,325],"consequences":[149,182],"us,":[151],"not":[152,372],"any":[153,216],"thoughts":[154],"about":[155,227],"judging":[156],"coherent":[159],"manner":[160],"deeds":[162],"done.":[163],"Our":[164,344],"thus":[167,271,347,420],"concern":[171],"own":[173],"Also,":[175],"appear":[179],"be":[181],"or":[183,192],"post":[184],"hoc":[185],"rationalisations":[186],"preceding":[189],"choices,":[190],"decisions,":[191],"made":[194],"subconsciously":[195],"under":[197],"framing":[198],"priming":[200],"effects.":[201],"In":[202],"other":[203],"words,":[204],"guided":[207],"more":[208,334,349],"instincts":[211],"situational":[213],"factors":[214],"than":[215,340,353],"theoretical":[217],"deliberations.":[218],"accumulated":[220],"knowledge":[221],"conflicts":[222],"with":[223],"philosophical":[225],"tradition":[226],"normative":[228],"nature.":[230],"Skeptical":[231],"naturalism":[232],"ethics":[234],"obvious:":[238],"lot":[240],"people":[242],"believe":[243],"objective":[245],"facts":[247],"some":[249],"construct":[250],"elaborate":[251],"arguments":[252,276],"defend":[254],"belief,":[256],"but":[257],"so":[258],"far":[259],"there":[260],"no":[262,272],"scientific":[263],"proof":[264,273],"belief":[267],"justified":[269],"valid.":[278],"A":[279],"different":[280,412,422],"approach":[281],"recommendable.":[283],"As":[284],"puts":[286],"it,":[287],"have":[289],"propensity":[291],"truck,":[293],"barter,":[294],"exchange":[296,437],"thing":[298],"another,":[300],"which":[301,364,440],"ultra-social":[306],"animals.":[307],"We":[308,320,376,399],"constantly":[309],"observe":[310],"conspecifics":[312],"interpret":[314],"actions":[316,330],"intentional":[318],"behaviour.":[319],"instinctively":[322],"care":[323],"well-being,":[326],"these":[328],"prosocial":[329,338,342],"ours":[332],"dependent":[335],"emotions":[339],"social":[345,396],"coherence":[346],"depends":[348,357],"inhibitions":[352],"prohibitions.":[355],"generally":[361],"decent":[362],"behaviour":[363],"probably":[367],"produced":[368],"biological,":[371],"cultural":[374,389],"evolution.":[375],"can":[377,400],"use":[378],"effects":[380],"biological":[383],"evolution":[384,390],"level":[387],"designing":[392],"commercial":[394],"institutions":[397],"accordingly.":[398],"acknowledge":[401],"well-being":[406],"depend":[407],"individuality,":[410],"ways":[413],"seeing":[415],"life":[416],"world":[418],"aspirations,":[423],"desires,":[424],"evaluations":[426],"labour.":[433],"drives":[435],"voluntary":[436],"innovation":[439],"produce":[441]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2017-04-14T00:00:00"}