{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2604295733","doi":null,"title":"The Effects of Di-n-Butyl Phthalate (DBP) on Human Primary Immune Cells","display_name":"The Effects of Di-n-Butyl Phthalate (DBP) on Human Primary Immune Cells","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2604295733","mag":"2604295733"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/52832","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10852/52832","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064446","display_name":"NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10852/52832","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018076534","display_name":"Tonje Berg Steensen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tonje Berg Steensen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018076534"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10686","display_name":"Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10686","display_name":"Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14072","display_name":"Immunotoxicology and immune responses","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10051","display_name":"Asthma and respiratory diseases","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dibutyl-phthalate","display_name":"dibutyl phthalate","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phthalates","display_name":"phthalates","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer-additives","display_name":"polymer additives","score":0.4519999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-cell-function","display_name":"immune cell function","score":0.4259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytokine-production","display_name":"cytokine production","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/whole-blood-assay","display_name":"whole blood assay","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sputum-macrophages","display_name":"sputum macrophages","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monocyte-derived-macrophages","display_name":"monocyte-derived macrophages","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipopolysaccharide","display_name":"lipopolysaccharide","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/r848","display_name":"R848","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phorbol-myristate-acetate","display_name":"phorbol myristate acetate","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionomycin","display_name":"ionomycin","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-cell-activation","display_name":"T cell activation","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tnf-alpha","display_name":"TNF-\u03b1","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferon-gamma","display_name":"interferon-gamma","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/il-5","display_name":"IL-5","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asthma","display_name":"asthma","score":0.38999998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/allergic-diseases","display_name":"allergic diseases","score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunotoxicity","display_name":"immunotoxicity","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/u-shaped-dose-response","display_name":"U-shaped dose-response","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytotoxicity","display_name":"cytotoxicity","score":0.5630000233650208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781005124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84483575","display_name":"Phthalate","level":2,"score":0.7499004602432251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777977315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7243056","display_name":"Primary (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.7189323306083679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.6165366172790527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.36171257495880127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.26269733905792236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.25877079367637634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11102214455604553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.10587441921234131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/52832","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10852/52832","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064446","display_name":"NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis"},{"id":"mag:2604295733","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.duo.uio.no/handle/10852/52832","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/52832","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10852/52832","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064446","display_name":"NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W560088667","https://openalex.org/W782651221","https://openalex.org/W1944560965","https://openalex.org/W1955238220","https://openalex.org/W1959268812","https://openalex.org/W1964331410","https://openalex.org/W1966990151","https://openalex.org/W1967939624","https://openalex.org/W1969128425","https://openalex.org/W1972270992","https://openalex.org/W1978926805","https://openalex.org/W1984700056","https://openalex.org/W1996384286","https://openalex.org/W1997839876","https://openalex.org/W2002041163","https://openalex.org/W2007589345","https://openalex.org/W2012270515","https://openalex.org/W2015778107","https://openalex.org/W2019302348","https://openalex.org/W2026826009","https://openalex.org/W2030635825","https://openalex.org/W2033833869","https://openalex.org/W2035462686","https://openalex.org/W2040706148","https://openalex.org/W2041399813","https://openalex.org/W2043420656","https://openalex.org/W2045384882","https://openalex.org/W2049197565","https://openalex.org/W2055900364","https://openalex.org/W2056381891","https://openalex.org/W2056618157","https://openalex.org/W2057774603","https://openalex.org/W2058042075","https://openalex.org/W2060704655","https://openalex.org/W2065393965","https://openalex.org/W2078368976","https://openalex.org/W2079614215","https://openalex.org/W2082844834","https://openalex.org/W2090783983","https://openalex.org/W2091364241","https://openalex.org/W2097327668","https://openalex.org/W2114637517","https://openalex.org/W2116171405","https://openalex.org/W2125591168","https://openalex.org/W2129319296","https://openalex.org/W2152168515","https://openalex.org/W2152626906","https://openalex.org/W2155703113","https://openalex.org/W2159305786","https://openalex.org/W2164500422","https://openalex.org/W2165700542","https://openalex.org/W2168205394","https://openalex.org/W2418211822","https://openalex.org/W2540328225"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2540328225","https://openalex.org/W2884222818","https://openalex.org/W2998574133","https://openalex.org/W4224295688","https://openalex.org/W2991581320","https://openalex.org/W3016887959","https://openalex.org/W4323922517","https://openalex.org/W2026826009","https://openalex.org/W1788521879","https://openalex.org/W2168205394"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Phthalates":[0],"are":[1,17],"used":[2,108,139],"in":[3,36,56,82,99,140,227,257,263,270,323],"plastics":[4],"to":[5,22,85,102,109,213,253,331,355],"promote":[6],"flexibility,":[7],"but":[8,290],"as":[9],"they":[10],"easily":[11],"migrate":[12],"from":[13,301,316,339,349],"the":[14,68,111,144,182,204,208,266,298,312,359],"plastic":[15],"humans":[16],"widely":[18],"exposed.":[19],"The":[20,61,168,190,259],"exposure":[21,84,90,215,328,357],"phthalates":[23,49],"has":[24],"been":[25],"associated":[26],"with":[27,130,142,200,240,265],"worsening":[28],"and":[29,53,58,76,92,125,127,162,237,319,345,363],"incidence":[30],"of":[31,63,113,157,170,192,207,261,309,314],"allergic":[32],"diseases":[33],"like":[34,146],"asthma":[35],"epidemiological":[37],"studies.":[38],"This":[39,248],"suggestion":[40],"is":[41],"partly":[42],"supported":[43],"by":[44,175,181],"experimental":[45,105],"studies":[46],"showing":[47],"that":[48,67,93,326],"can":[50],"induce":[51],"adjuvant":[52],"immunological":[54],"effects":[55,112,191,260],"mice":[57],"cell":[59,95],"models.":[60],"hypothesis":[62],"this":[64],"study":[65,110],"was":[66,173,250],"model":[69,361],"phthalate":[70,72],"di-n-butyl":[71],"(DBP)":[73],"affects":[74],"systemic":[75,123],"pulmonary":[77],"primary":[78],"immune":[79,321,334],"cells":[80,322],"after":[81,197,342],"vitro":[83],"concentrations":[86,308],"relevant":[87,121,307],"for":[88,122,132,203,216,223,230,287,292],"human":[89],"levels,":[91],"different":[94],"models":[96,106],"would":[97],"vary":[98],"their":[100],"sensitivity":[101],"DBP.":[103,247],"Three":[104,135],"were":[107,138,194,273,352],"0.01-100\u00b5M":[114],"DBP;":[115],"a":[116,155,198,241,254,284],"whole":[117,228,271,340],"blood":[118,272,341],"assay":[119,178,185],"(WBA)":[120],"exposure,":[124],"sputum":[126,277,350],"monocyte-derived":[128,302],"macrophages":[129,351],"relevance":[131],"inhalation":[133],"exposure.":[134],"inflammatory":[136,171,201,268],"stimuli":[137,202,269],"combination":[141,156,264],"DBP:":[143],"toll":[145],"receptor":[147],"(TLR)":[148],"agonists":[149],"lipopolysaccharide":[150],"(LPS)":[151],"or":[152,154],"R848,":[153],"phorbol":[158],"12-myristate":[159],"13-acetate":[160],"(PMA)":[161],"ionomycin":[163],"(P/I),":[164],"activating":[165],"T":[166],"cells.":[167],"release":[169,226,281,300,313,338,348],"cytokines":[172,315],"determined":[174],"enzyme-linked":[176],"immunosorbent":[177],"(ELISA)":[179],"and/or":[180],"cytometric":[183],"bead":[184],"(CBA)":[186],"using":[187],"flow":[188],"cytometry.":[189],"DBP":[193,218,262,294,310,327,356],"generally":[195],"greater":[196],"challenge":[199],"last":[205],"4h":[206],"24h":[209],"DBP-exposure,":[210],"when":[211],"compared":[212],"combined":[214],"24h.":[217],"caused":[219],"U-shaped":[220,285],"response":[221],"curves":[222],"P/I-induced":[224],"cytokine":[225,280,299,337],"blood,":[229],"tumor":[231],"necrosis":[232],"factor":[233],"(TNF)-\u03b1,":[234],"interferon":[235],"(IFN)-\u03b3":[236],"interleukin":[238],"(IL)-5,":[239],"30-45%":[242],"reduction":[243,249],"at":[244],"0.01\u00b5M":[245],"-10\u00b5M":[246],"possibly":[251],"linked":[252],"parallel":[255],"increase":[256],"cytotoxicity.":[258],"other":[267,360],"less":[274],"pronounced.":[275],"For":[276],"macrophages,":[278],"LPS-induced":[279,346],"also":[282],"showed":[283],"decrease":[286],"0.01-10\u00b5M":[288],"DBP,":[289],"only":[291],"TNF\u03b1.":[293],"did":[295],"not":[296],"affect":[297],"macrophages.":[303],"In":[304],"conclusion,":[305],"environmentally":[306],"decreased":[311],"both":[317],"innate":[318],"adaptive":[320],"vitro,":[324],"suggesting":[325],"may":[329],"lead":[330],"an":[332],"impaired":[333],"response.":[335],"Moreover,":[336],"P/I":[343],"stimulation":[344],"TNF\u03b1":[347],"more":[353],"sensitive":[354],"than":[358],"systems":[362],"endpoints.":[364]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2017-04-14T00:00:00"}