{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2600198979","doi":null,"title":"Renewable and Non-Renewable Electricity Consumption, Carbon Emissions and GDP: Evidence From Mediterranean Countries","display_name":"Renewable and Non-Renewable Electricity Consumption, Carbon Emissions and GDP: Evidence From Mediterranean Countries","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2600198979","mag":"2600198979"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2600198979","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:erg:wpaper:1037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010361091","display_name":"Fateh B\u00e9la\u00efd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1077-2798","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1077-2798"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Belaid Fateh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068817154","display_name":"Maha Harbaoui Zrelli","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maha Harbaoui Zrelli","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12271","display_name":"Renewable energy and sustainable power systems","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10471","display_name":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-electricity-consumption","display_name":"renewable electricity consumption","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co2-emissions","display_name":"CO2 emissions","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gross-domestic-product","display_name":"gross domestic product","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"renewable energy","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediterranean-countries","display_name":"Mediterranean countries","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-security","display_name":"energy security","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greenhouse-gas-emissions","display_name":"greenhouse gas emissions","score":0.8040000200271606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.7971948385238647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.6688722372055054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.6070979833602905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.5682962536811829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.4758985936641693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.46096962690353394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105442212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q279637","display_name":"Feed-in tariff","level":4,"score":0.4262269139289856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.4247831702232361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57101690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2356921","display_name":"Electricity retailing","level":4,"score":0.4163103699684143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3614451289176941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.3205146789550781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146733006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676081","display_name":"Electricity market","level":3,"score":0.22671693563461304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131046424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1805337","display_name":"Energy policy","level":3,"score":0.2216353416442871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1579134464263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.05973386764526367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2600198979","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:erg:wpaper:1037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":1.0,"display_name":"Climate action"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.878000020980835,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W900415669","https://openalex.org/W1495656322","https://openalex.org/W1524895218","https://openalex.org/W1543166152","https://openalex.org/W1582881161","https://openalex.org/W1583541192","https://openalex.org/W1619038707","https://openalex.org/W1662681156","https://openalex.org/W1963825692","https://openalex.org/W1969230115","https://openalex.org/W1976386631","https://openalex.org/W1977934120","https://openalex.org/W1978775682","https://openalex.org/W1983199217","https://openalex.org/W1985065210","https://openalex.org/W1987019268","https://openalex.org/W1988730537","https://openalex.org/W1992380407","https://openalex.org/W1994917241","https://openalex.org/W1997904276","https://openalex.org/W2005013362","https://openalex.org/W2023118660","https://openalex.org/W2029108960","https://openalex.org/W2030574252","https://openalex.org/W2046754193","https://openalex.org/W2049923121","https://openalex.org/W2066514763","https://openalex.org/W2067402622","https://openalex.org/W2070190140","https://openalex.org/W2071434239","https://openalex.org/W2071750034","https://openalex.org/W2075225248","https://openalex.org/W2076827974","https://openalex.org/W2078213728","https://openalex.org/W2110603299","https://openalex.org/W2112778351","https://openalex.org/W2117513178","https://openalex.org/W2121185083","https://openalex.org/W2123136623","https://openalex.org/W2126769996","https://openalex.org/W2133721652","https://openalex.org/W2147422150","https://openalex.org/W2154868889","https://openalex.org/W2161122733","https://openalex.org/W2168503902","https://openalex.org/W2246215472","https://openalex.org/W3121418714","https://openalex.org/W3122205792","https://openalex.org/W3123095200","https://openalex.org/W3123353535","https://openalex.org/W3124091918","https://openalex.org/W3143538032"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2969580229","https://openalex.org/W2488782934","https://openalex.org/W2979685340","https://openalex.org/W6986797367","https://openalex.org/W3152131321","https://openalex.org/W2111384845","https://openalex.org/W2478138163","https://openalex.org/W2758535733","https://openalex.org/W2256716177","https://openalex.org/W3162992626"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,51,106,183],"imperative":[1],"to":[2,11,58,102,169,180,225],"reduce":[3,48],"Co2":[4],"emissions":[5,72,171,195,224],"is":[6,57,114,148,160,213],"stronger":[7],"than":[8],"ever.":[9],"According":[10],"many":[12],"studies,":[13],"renewable":[14,35,64,121,134,177,203,210],"energy":[15,36,44,211,219],"(electricity)":[16],"has":[17],"one":[18],"of":[19,34,42,54,79,162,209],"the":[20,32,40,60,74,82,95,139,143,227],"most":[21],"significant":[22],"cost-effective":[23],"potentials":[24],"for":[25,39,73,138,217,229],"reducing":[26,222],"energy-related":[27],"greenhouse":[28],"gas":[29],"emissions.":[30,50,157,182],"Increasing":[31],"supply":[33],"would":[37],"allow":[38],"replacement":[41],"carbon-intensive":[43],"sources":[45,212],"and":[46,65,70,76,97,124,127,133,155,172,190,198,221],"significantly":[47],"pollutant":[49],"major":[52],"focus":[53],"this":[55,104],"article":[56],"investigate":[59,103],"causal":[61,141,164],"relationship":[62,165],"between":[63,119,128,151],"non-renewable":[66,129,152,173,187],"electricity":[67,122,130,135,153,174,178,188,204],"consumption,":[68,131],"GDP":[69,132,168],"CO2":[71,125,156,170,181,194],"North":[75],"South":[77],"shores":[78],"Mediterranean":[80,200],"over":[81],"period":[83],"1980-2012.":[84],"Panel":[85],"unit":[86],"root":[87],"tests,":[88],"cointegration":[89],"technique":[90],"allowing":[91],"cross-section":[92],"dependence":[93],"among":[94],"panel":[96,109],"causality":[98,118,150],"tests":[99],"are":[100],"used":[101],"relationship.":[105],"results":[107],"provide":[108],"empirical":[110],"evidence":[111,161],"that":[112,146,186],"there":[113,147,159],"a":[115,214],"short-run":[116],"bidirectional":[117,149],"GDP,":[120],"consumption":[123,154,179,189],"emissions;":[126],"consumption.":[136],"As":[137],"long-run":[140],"relationship,":[142],"result":[144],"indicates":[145],"However,":[158],"unidirectional":[163],"running":[166],"from":[167,176],"consumption;":[175],"findings":[184],"imply":[185],"economic":[191],"growth":[192],"stimulate":[193],"in":[196],"Southern":[197],"Northern":[199],"countries":[201],"while":[202],"reduces":[205],"it.":[206],"Therefore,":[207],"expansion":[208],"strategic":[215],"plan":[216],"addressing":[218],"security":[220],"carbon":[223],"protect":[226],"environment":[228],"future":[230],"generations.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2017-04-07T00:00:00"}
