{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2600196462","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7609.1000223","title":"In vivo Safety of Dichloromethane-Methanolic Extract of Allium sativum in Normal Mice","display_name":"In vivo Safety of Dichloromethane-Methanolic Extract of Allium sativum in Normal Mice","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2600196462","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7609.1000223","mag":"2600196462"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4172/2157-7609.1000223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7609.1000223","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7609.1000223","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232135","display_name":"Journal of Drug Metabolism & Toxicology","issn_l":"2157-7609","issn":["2157-7609"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320466","host_organization_name":"OMICS Publishing Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320466"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["OMICS Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Drug Metabolism &amp; Toxicology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030950433","display_name":"Duncan Maina Kariuki","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kariuki DM","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075786191","display_name":"Daniel Muthee Gaichu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-6800","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-6800"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaichu DM","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067712079","display_name":"Mburu Dn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mburu DN","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025669132","display_name":"Mathew Piero Ngugi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0226-9092","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0226-9092"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ngugi MP","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2602,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55518265,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"08","issue":"01","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11979","display_name":"Garlic and Onion Studies","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11979","display_name":"Garlic and Onion Studies","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12657","display_name":"Phytochemistry Medicinal Plant Applications","score":0.004600000102072954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14072","display_name":"Immunotoxicology and immune responses","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/garlic","display_name":"garlic","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/garlic-extract","display_name":"garlic extract","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subchronic-toxicity","display_name":"subchronic toxicity","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hematological-parameters","display_name":"hematological parameters","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-function-tests","display_name":"liver function tests","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kidney-function-tests","display_name":"kidney function tests","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatotoxicity","display_name":"hepatotoxicity","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nephrotoxicity","display_name":"nephrotoxicity","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phytochemical-screening","display_name":"phytochemical screening","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oral-toxicity","display_name":"oral toxicity","score":0.38100001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/red-blood-cell-indices","display_name":"red blood cell indices","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-blood-cell-count","display_name":"white blood cell count","score":0.7519999742507935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991964360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23400","display_name":"Allium sativum","level":2,"score":0.8180745840072632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780400988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421748","display_name":"Dichloromethane","level":3,"score":0.8003472089767456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207001950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141124","display_name":"In vivo","level":2,"score":0.7119250297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.5875107645988464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776460402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49391","display_name":"Allium","level":2,"score":0.5413948893547058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775997218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166350","display_name":"Sativum","level":2,"score":0.4253219962120056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.3846703767776489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3843737840652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.32623937726020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3201133608818054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.29449963569641113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.18353775143623352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.17967626452445984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780471494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146505","display_name":"Solvent","level":2,"score":0.04692080616950989}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4172/2157-7609.1000223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7609.1000223","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7609.1000223","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232135","display_name":"Journal of Drug Metabolism & Toxicology","issn_l":"2157-7609","issn":["2157-7609"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320466","host_organization_name":"OMICS Publishing Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320466"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["OMICS Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Drug Metabolism &amp; Toxicology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W253287562","https://openalex.org/W1538764270","https://openalex.org/W1632275508","https://openalex.org/W1975075155","https://openalex.org/W1979488692","https://openalex.org/W1981366899","https://openalex.org/W2003870922","https://openalex.org/W2005790552","https://openalex.org/W2031261976","https://openalex.org/W2039043591","https://openalex.org/W2052469535","https://openalex.org/W2062586689","https://openalex.org/W2064305556","https://openalex.org/W2068941069","https://openalex.org/W2071900033","https://openalex.org/W2074625690","https://openalex.org/W2104462602","https://openalex.org/W2140946132","https://openalex.org/W2150351630","https://openalex.org/W2169208909","https://openalex.org/W2169345003","https://openalex.org/W2170381017","https://openalex.org/W2237490739","https://openalex.org/W2339153133","https://openalex.org/W2397781722","https://openalex.org/W2414163097","https://openalex.org/W2471468921"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2782249285","https://openalex.org/W1963512541","https://openalex.org/W2063786329","https://openalex.org/W4388566926","https://openalex.org/W3176150132","https://openalex.org/W1970834406","https://openalex.org/W7218122756","https://openalex.org/W6911953675","https://openalex.org/W4400090838","https://openalex.org/W2287753535"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,85,97,119,162,181],"indiscriminate":[1],"use":[2],"of":[3,8,23,26,69,80,102,116,123,130,141,184,194,218],"Allium":[4],"sativum":[5,132,186],"in":[6,60,67,136,191,242,268,283,290,321,348],"treatment":[7],"various":[9,17,219,307],"diseases":[10],"can":[11,34],"pose":[12],"a":[13,64,188,239,288],"great":[14],"danger":[15],"to":[16,39,237,287,306],"body":[20,78,100],"functions.":[21,47],"Assessment":[22],"the":[24,27,41,92,114,117,139,149,192,201,216,266,269,302,325,328,333,349],"effect":[25],"extract":[28,81,129,183,335],"on":[29],"haematological":[30,322],"and":[31,44,73,95,105,112,146,153,166,204,231,252,260,351,357],"biochemical":[32],"parameters":[33,353],"be":[35],"used":[36],"explain":[40],"blood,":[42],"liver":[43,197,350],"kidney":[45,352],"related":[46],"Sub-chronic":[48],"toxicity":[49],"evaluation":[50],"was":[51,88,108,298],"done":[52],"by":[53,319,346],"orally":[54],"administering":[57],"extracts":[58],"dissolved":[59],"1%":[61],"DMSO,":[62],"using":[63],"drenching":[65],"syringe":[66],"doses":[68,314,343],"100,":[70,150,202],"500,":[71,151],"1000":[72,152],"200":[74],"mg/kg":[75],"weights":[79,101],"for":[82,265],"28":[83],"days.":[84],"control":[86,106],"group":[87],"given":[89],"DMSO":[90],"at":[91,113,175,312,341],"same":[93],"frequency":[94],"period.":[96],"both":[103],"treated":[104],"rats":[107],"recorded":[109],"before,":[110],"during":[111],"end":[115],"experiment.":[118],"results":[122],"this":[124],"study":[125,329],"showed":[126,355],"that":[127,301,332],"dichloromethane-Methanolic":[128,182],"A.":[131,185],"induced":[133],"significant":[134,189],"increase":[135,190,267,282],"levels":[140,157,178,193,208],"red":[142,270,291],"blood":[143,169,271,292],"cell,":[144],"haemoglobin":[145],"haematocrit":[147],"across":[148,200],"2000":[154,205],"mg/kg.bw":[155,206],"dose":[156,177,207],"(p":[160,179],"0.05).":[161,180],"total":[165],"differential":[167],"white":[168],"cell":[170,272,293],"counts":[171],"also":[172,263,330],"increased":[173],"significantly":[174],"all":[176],"caused":[187],"functions":[198],"profiles":[199],"500":[203],"(p<0.05).":[209],"Qualitative":[210],"phytochemical":[211],"screening":[214],"confirmed":[215],"presence":[217],"phytochemicals":[220,234],"which":[221,354],"included":[222],"alkaloids,":[223],"flavonoids,":[224],"steroids,":[225],"saponins,":[228],"cardiac":[229,258],"glycosides":[230,259],"phenolics.":[232],"These":[233],"are":[235,262],"understood":[236],"play":[238],"major":[240],"role":[241],"gene":[243],"expression,":[246],"erythropoietin":[247],"stimulatory,":[248,250],"thrombopoietic":[249],"immune-stimulatory":[251],"enzyme":[253],"activities.":[254],"Flavonoids,":[257],"alkaloids":[261],"responsible":[264],"count":[273],"through":[274],"their":[277],"antioxidant":[278],"properties.":[279],"Conversely,":[280],"an":[281],"saponins":[284],"may":[285],"result":[286],"decrease":[289],"indices.":[294],"It":[295],"therefore":[299],"concluded":[300],"plant":[303,334],"extract,":[304],"subject":[305],"stipulated":[308],"assays,":[309],"is":[310,338],"safe":[311,340],"particular":[313],"as":[315,344],"indicated":[318,345],"changes":[320],"parameters.":[323],"On":[324],"other":[326],"hand,":[327],"shows":[331],"not":[339],"high":[342],"change":[347],"hepatotoxicity":[356],"nephrotoxicity":[360],"respectively.":[361]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2017-04-07T00:00:00"}
