{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2597912433","doi":null,"title":"Stable Isotopes in Unstable Times: A geochemical investigation of the end Cretaceous mass extinction","display_name":"Stable Isotopes in Unstable Times: A geochemical investigation of the end Cretaceous mass extinction","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2597912433","mag":"2597912433"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digital.lib.washington.edu:1773/26014","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1773/26014","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1773/26014","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401128","display_name":"ResearchWorks at the University of Washington (University of Washington)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","host_organization_name":"University of Washington","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1773/26014","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Thomas Tobin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0992-7809","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0992-7809"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Tobin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0992-7809","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10109","display_name":"Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1911","display_name":"Paleontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10109","display_name":"Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1911","display_name":"Paleontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10017","display_name":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10955","display_name":"Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1911","display_name":"Paleontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-cretaceous-mass-extinction","display_name":"end-Cretaceous mass extinction","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cretaceous-paleogene-boundary","display_name":"Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbonate-stable-isotopes","display_name":"carbonate stable isotopes","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-isotope-excursion","display_name":"carbon isotope excursion","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxygen-isotope-excursion","display_name":"oxygen isotope excursion","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ammonites","display_name":"ammonites","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benthic-molluscs","display_name":"benthic molluscs","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antarctic-peninsula","display_name":"Antarctic Peninsula","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eastern-montana","display_name":"eastern Montana","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paleoclimate","display_name":"paleoclimate","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asteroid-impact-hypothesis","display_name":"asteroid impact hypothesis","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrobiology","display_name":"astrobiology","score":0.40299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ammonite-biostratigraphy","display_name":"ammonite biostratigraphy","score":0.39100000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35306142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55814","display_name":"Extinction event","level":4,"score":0.7500891089439392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12294951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44626","display_name":"Cretaceous","level":2,"score":0.6859983205795288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101991246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5422078","display_name":"Extinction (optical mineralogy)","level":2,"score":0.575526237487793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.42567330598831177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164304813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25276","display_name":"Isotope","level":2,"score":0.4117491841316223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.3902305066585541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1965285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8008","display_name":"Earth science","level":1,"score":0.3363136053085327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.32219165563583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.24259722232818604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.07820352911949158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.06440606713294983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47559259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778143","display_name":"Biological dispersal","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:digital.lib.washington.edu:1773/26014","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1773/26014","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1773/26014","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401128","display_name":"ResearchWorks at the University of Washington (University of Washington)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","host_organization_name":"University of Washington","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:2597912433","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digital.lib.washington.edu:443/researchworks/handle/1773/26014","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digital.lib.washington.edu:1773/26014","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1773/26014","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1773/26014","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401128","display_name":"ResearchWorks at the University of Washington (University of Washington)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","host_organization_name":"University of Washington","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1767441665","display_name":"Collaborative Research: Upper Cretaceous-lower Paleocene Strata from the Antarctic Peninsula:  Chemo-, Magneto-, and Biomarker Tests of Correlation and Extinction Hypotheses","funder_award_id":"0739432","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4058031399","display_name":"Collaborative Research: Upper Cretaceous-lower Paleocene Strata from the Antarctic Peninsula:  Chemo-, Magneto-, and Biomarker Tests of Correlation and Extinction Hypotheses","funder_award_id":"0739541","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8795231624","display_name":"Collaborative Research:    Testing Hypotheses of Global Warming during Three Major Mass Extinctions","funder_award_id":"0643394","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310094","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334381","display_name":"Burke Museum, University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/015ypce77"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2597912433.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2597912433.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":139,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W121857346","https://openalex.org/W910573113","https://openalex.org/W1481807080","https://openalex.org/W1487001512","https://openalex.org/W1574505773","https://openalex.org/W1579218429","https://openalex.org/W1591056720","https://openalex.org/W1777186793","https://openalex.org/W1790337225","https://openalex.org/W1793474998","https://openalex.org/W1927390709","https://openalex.org/W1967895061","https://openalex.org/W1971801862","https://openalex.org/W1973136277","https://openalex.org/W1973391922","https://openalex.org/W1976721572","https://openalex.org/W1977776533","https://openalex.org/W1979240387","https://openalex.org/W1984937266","https://openalex.org/W1987302968","https://openalex.org/W1987411025","https://openalex.org/W1990713790","https://openalex.org/W1993941060","https://openalex.org/W1994027801","https://openalex.org/W1995718124","https://openalex.org/W2000038613","https://openalex.org/W2001274796","https://openalex.org/W2005749071","https://openalex.org/W2008281306","https://openalex.org/W2011252190","https://openalex.org/W2012704052","https://openalex.org/W2014444740","https://openalex.org/W2014796857","https://openalex.org/W2014949335","https://openalex.org/W2015432334","https://openalex.org/W2016553479","https://openalex.org/W2017759410","https://openalex.org/W2017905387","https://openalex.org/W2017913935","https://openalex.org/W2018006495","https://openalex.org/W2021085441","https://openalex.org/W2021188553","https://openalex.org/W2021993399","https://openalex.org/W2023238257","https://openalex.org/W2030204956","https://openalex.org/W2031696942","https://openalex.org/W2033682301","https://openalex.org/W2040880135","https://openalex.org/W2042274367","https://openalex.org/W2042633236","https://openalex.org/W2044691031","https://openalex.org/W2047147818","https://openalex.org/W2049493139","https://openalex.org/W2050474988","https://openalex.org/W2051973454","https://openalex.org/W2052789875","https://openalex.org/W2052895954","https://openalex.org/W2055149951","https://openalex.org/W2055183231","https://openalex.org/W2058489193","https://openalex.org/W2060178249","https://openalex.org/W2060308135","https://openalex.org/W2062323627","https://openalex.org/W2062608651","https://openalex.org/W2063911281","https://openalex.org/W2065400237","https://openalex.org/W2066351018","https://openalex.org/W2066389106","https://openalex.org/W2069018203","https://openalex.org/W2070045478","https://openalex.org/W2071272856","https://openalex.org/W2074560162","https://openalex.org/W2075767644","https://openalex.org/W2077397049","https://openalex.org/W2079852953","https://openalex.org/W2080450689","https://openalex.org/W2081070651","https://openalex.org/W2084088399","https://openalex.org/W2084168557","https://openalex.org/W2085480428","https://openalex.org/W2087216049","https://openalex.org/W2087754843","https://openalex.org/W2088202137","https://openalex.org/W2093041443","https://openalex.org/W2095800081","https://openalex.org/W2100508991","https://openalex.org/W2100981375","https://openalex.org/W2102790100","https://openalex.org/W2103568171","https://openalex.org/W2103948957","https://openalex.org/W2104584561","https://openalex.org/W2105771959","https://openalex.org/W2106839072","https://openalex.org/W2107051375","https://openalex.org/W2107127140","https://openalex.org/W2108832705","https://openalex.org/W2109274970","https://openalex.org/W2111219288","https://openalex.org/W2113761912","https://openalex.org/W2114416600","https://openalex.org/W2118204502","https://openalex.org/W2119446169","https://openalex.org/W2122442656","https://openalex.org/W2126767740","https://openalex.org/W2128121900","https://openalex.org/W2128628033","https://openalex.org/W2130494967","https://openalex.org/W2133306450","https://openalex.org/W2134893871","https://openalex.org/W2137893488","https://openalex.org/W2139599525","https://openalex.org/W2140487549","https://openalex.org/W2144900912","https://openalex.org/W2145063493","https://openalex.org/W2147243326","https://openalex.org/W2149277645","https://openalex.org/W2149521176","https://openalex.org/W2149596606","https://openalex.org/W2150719128","https://openalex.org/W2151893686","https://openalex.org/W2155689048","https://openalex.org/W2157373349","https://openalex.org/W2158018179","https://openalex.org/W2158853414","https://openalex.org/W2159118423","https://openalex.org/W2159506993","https://openalex.org/W2160490562","https://openalex.org/W2168079861","https://openalex.org/W2171275182","https://openalex.org/W2174283759","https://openalex.org/W2179370179","https://openalex.org/W2282659291","https://openalex.org/W2296603808","https://openalex.org/W2299401755","https://openalex.org/W2315206398","https://openalex.org/W2500553572","https://openalex.org/W2746447865","https://openalex.org/W2946176803","https://openalex.org/W4246893437"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2565012444","https://openalex.org/W3012835878","https://openalex.org/W3009072887","https://openalex.org/W7053044107","https://openalex.org/W3043963743","https://openalex.org/W2464843387","https://openalex.org/W2976322978","https://openalex.org/W4415508583","https://openalex.org/W3214629394","https://openalex.org/W3016981016"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,122,325,807],"primary":[1],"goal":[2],"of":[3,10,25,82,126,160,172,178,185,190,200,218,231,238,254,263,292,361,366,399,471,502,513,556,585,622,656,689,712,793],"this":[4,333,410,472,528,716,766,831],"dissertation":[5,123],"is":[6,124,258,295,317,358,474,568,670,695,702,752,833],"to":[7,33,50,96,162,187,299,322,346,504,571,676,706,728,771],"increase":[8],"understanding":[9],"the":[11,23,43,51,65,74,85,107,109,141,149,164,170,174,191,201,213,229,235,315,320,328,359,392,438,468,500,511,514,552,557,573,578,590,600,608,620,625,631,634,638,642,654,677,690,707,741,777,789,794,803,811],"end":[12,110,512,678],"Cretaceous":[13,15,111,679,795],"(or":[14],"-":[16,692],"Paleogene":[17],"or":[18,194,274,276],"K-Pg)":[19],"mass":[20,53,112,680,840],"extinction":[21,113,616,681],"through":[22],"use":[24],"light":[26],"stable":[27,241],"isotope":[28,759],"geochemistry.":[29],"These":[30],"studies":[31],"attempt":[32],"examine":[34,413],"any":[35],"climatic":[36],"and":[37,46,77,102,135,143,148,176,181,246,284,336,355,368,376,381,421,457,768,822],"environmental":[38],"changes":[39],"that":[40,99,374,475,729,815],"occurred":[41],"around":[42,64],"K-Pg":[44,52,86,591,632,778],"boundary,":[45],"might":[47],"have":[48,498,818],"contributed":[49],"extinction,":[54],"specifically":[55],"by":[56,151,267,277],"examining":[57,173],"isotopic":[58,525],"records":[59],"at":[60,437,510,524,619],"high":[61,271],"stratigraphic":[62,610,813],"resolution":[63],"boundary.":[66,87,592,779],"Studies":[67],"are":[68,203,477,648],"completed":[69],"in":[70,234,302,319,406,415,451,463,527,607,697,709,730,783,788],"two":[71,264,362,615],"field":[72],"areas,":[73],"Antarctic":[75,393],"Peninsula":[76],"eastern":[78,738],"Montana,":[79],"USA,":[80],"both":[81,444],"which":[83,152,294,332,560,660],"preserve":[84],"While":[88],"these":[89],"works,":[90],"like":[91,507],"most":[92,671,834],"scientific":[93,128,206],"studies,":[94],"lead":[95],"further":[97,183],"questions":[98],"warrant":[100],"investigation":[101],"confirmation,":[103],"they":[104],"generally":[105,543,569],"support":[106],"idea":[108],"was":[114,403,744,769,786],"more":[115,297,479,493,762],"complicated":[116],"than":[117],"a":[118,157,209,270,279,282,288,309,338,396,448,488,582,596,683,725,754,773,837],"simple":[119],"asteroid":[120,643],"strike.":[121,644],"comprised":[125],"five":[127],"chapters":[129,202],"as":[130,132,205,216,567,602,604,805],"well":[131,603],"short":[133,684],"introductory":[134],"concluding":[136],"sections.":[137],"The":[138,167,645,668,687],"introduction":[139],"explains":[140],"background":[142],"context":[144],"behind":[145],"each":[146,179],"study,":[147,180,411],"process":[150,171,237],"I":[153],"ultimately":[154,703],"worked":[155],"with":[156,429,637,653,828,836],"wide":[158],"variety":[159],"co-authors":[161],"complete":[163],"various":[165],"projects.":[166],"conclusion":[168],"begins":[169],"differences":[175],"similarities":[177],"explores":[182],"avenues":[184],"research":[186],"test":[188],"some":[189],"proposed":[192],"hypotheses":[193],"reconcile":[195],"potentially":[196,486,497,662],"contradictory":[197],"data.":[198],"Four":[199],"written":[204],"manuscripts,":[207],"while":[208,314,761],"fifth":[210],"chapter":[211,326],"details":[212],"work":[214],"done":[215],"part":[217],"my":[219],"astrobiology":[220],"rotation.":[221],"Chapter":[222,352,407,516,698,718,731,829],"1":[223],"(Tobin":[224,354,518,720],"et":[225,519,721],"al.,":[226,520,722],"2011)":[227],"outlines":[228,327],"discovery":[230],"analytical":[232],"errors":[233],"typical":[236,310],"measuring":[239],"carbonate":[240,389],"isotopes":[242],"(\u03b4":[243],"13":[244,379,417,453],"C":[245,380,418,454],"\u03b4":[247,304,378,382,416,452,464,532,547,553,586,747],"18":[248,305,383,465,533,548,554,587,748],"O)":[249],"on":[250,391,531,734],"small":[251,397],"sample":[252,280,316],"sizes":[253],"powder.":[255],"Carbonate":[256,757],"material":[257,402],"typically":[259],"prepared":[260],"using":[261,269,281,425],"one":[262,618],"methods,":[265],"either":[266],"drilling":[268],"speed":[272],"drill":[273],"micromill,":[275],"crushing":[278],"mortar":[283],"pestle.":[285],"Drilling":[286],"produces":[287],"finer":[289],"grain":[290],"size":[291],"material,":[293,485],"consequently":[296],"prone":[298],"being":[300],"altered":[301],"its":[303],"O":[306,384,534,549,555,588,749],"value":[307],"during":[308,577,715],"automated":[311],"measurement":[312],"process,":[313],"waiting":[318],"queue":[321],"be":[323,544,564,572,825],"analyzed.":[324],"specific":[329],"parameters":[330],"under":[331],"phenomenon":[334],"occurs,":[335],"describes":[337],"correction":[339,350],"procedure,":[340],"though":[341,395,460,700],"we":[342,412,446],"encourage":[343],"every":[344],"lab":[345],"develop":[347],"their":[348,483],"own":[349,427],"scheme.":[351],"2":[353],"Ward,":[356],"submitted)":[357],"second":[360],"papers":[363],"(in":[364],"order":[365],"analysis":[367,613,727],"publication,":[369],"but":[370,733],"first":[371],"presented":[372],"here)":[373],"analyze":[375],"interpret":[377],"values":[385,550],"from":[386,433,487,539,546,559,624,737],"molluscan":[387],"shell":[388,401,484],"collected":[390],"Peninsula,":[394],"amount":[398],"fossil":[400,537],"also":[404,522,594,649],"used":[405,770],"1.":[408],"In":[409,443],"trends":[414],"for":[419,536,575,599],"ammonites":[420,456,476,503],"other":[422,635],"benthic":[423,458],"mollusks":[424,538,736],"our":[426],"collections":[428,434,445],"added":[430],"samples":[431],"coming":[432],"currently":[435],"housed":[436],"Paleontological":[439],"Research":[440],"Institute":[441],"(PRI).":[442],"find":[447],"notable":[449],"offset":[450],"between":[455],"mollusks,":[459],"good":[461],"correspondence":[462],"O.":[466],"Ultimately,":[467],"best":[469],"interpretation":[470],"pattern":[473,804,808],"incorporating":[478],"respired":[480],"CO2":[481,666,713],"into":[482],"higher":[489],"metabolic":[490],"rate.":[491],"A":[492,780],"active":[494],"lifestyle":[495],"could":[496,661,800,823],"increased":[499],"susceptibility":[501],"an":[505],"event":[506],"bolide":[508],"impact":[509],"Cretaceous.":[515,579],"3":[517],"2012)":[521],"looks":[523],"records,":[526],"case":[529,574],"focusing":[530],"values,":[535],"Antarctica.":[540],"Paleotemperature":[541],"can":[542,563],"inferred":[545],"if":[551],"water":[558],"it":[561,701],"came":[562],"estimated":[565],"reliably,":[566],"thought":[570],"seawater":[576],"We":[580,593],"generate":[581,663,772],"time":[583],"series":[584],"across":[589,776],"generated":[595],"magnetostratigraphic":[597],"record":[598,627,775],"section,":[601],"paleobiological":[605],"data":[606],"same":[609,812],"context.":[611],"Statistical":[612],"revealed":[614],"events,":[617],"peak":[621],"warming":[623,646,664,693],"paleotemperature":[626,750],"(50":[628],"meters":[629,792],"below":[630],"boundary),":[633],"simultaneous":[636],"iridium":[639],"anomaly":[640],"indicating":[641],"events":[647],"correlated":[650],"(using":[651],"magnetostratigraphy)":[652],"timing":[655],"Deccan":[657,691],"Traps":[658],"volcanism,":[659],"via":[665],"emission.":[667],"evidence":[669],"consistent":[672,835],"multiple":[673,838],"causes":[674],"contributing":[675],"over":[682,810],"geological":[685],"interval.":[686],"plausibility":[688],"link":[694],"explored":[696],"5,":[699],"inconclusive":[704],"due":[705],"uncertainty":[708],"total":[710],"volumes":[711],"emitted":[714],"event.":[717],"4":[719],"2014)":[723],"performs":[724],"similar":[726],"3,":[732,830],"freshwater":[735],"Montana.":[739],"Because":[740],"paleo-depositional":[742],"setting":[743],"fluvial/lacustrine,":[745],"traditional":[746],"reconstruction":[751],"not":[753],"useful":[755],"tool.":[756],"clumped":[758],"paleothermometry,":[760],"challenging":[763],"analytically,":[764],"avoids":[765],"problem,":[767],"temperature":[774],"cooling":[781],"trend":[782],"summer":[784],"temperatures":[785],"identified":[787,819],"last":[790],"~30":[791],"(though":[796],"bivalve":[797],"nutrient":[798],"stress":[799],"plausibly":[801,824],"explain":[802],"well).":[806],"occurs":[809],"interval":[814],"vertebrate":[816],"paleontologists":[817],"biodiversity":[820],"changes,":[821],"related.":[826],"As":[827],"study":[832],"cause":[839],"extinction.":[841]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2017-04-07T00:00:00"}
