{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2597392002","doi":null,"title":"Ethical Issues Surrounding Personalized Medicine: A Literature Review.","display_name":"Ethical Issues Surrounding Personalized Medicine: A Literature Review.","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2597392002","mag":"2597392002","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28282721"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:28282721","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28282721","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta medica Iranica","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016175285","display_name":"Pooneh Salari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5595-0087","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5595-0087"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70640408","display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4pz451","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pooneh Salari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007232361","display_name":"Bagher A. Larijani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5386-7597","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5386-7597"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23946033","display_name":"University of Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf56z40","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403928185","display_name":"Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0430z0381","country_code":"IR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403928185","https://openalex.org/I4403928377","https://openalex.org/I70640408"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70640408","display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4pz451","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bagher Larijani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033","https://openalex.org/I4403928185","https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8425,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93372313,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"3","first_page":"209","last_page":"217"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13147","display_name":"Ethics and bioethics in healthcare","score":0.4652999937534332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13147","display_name":"Ethics and bioethics in healthcare","score":0.4652999937534332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.23399999737739563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13275","display_name":"Medical and Health Sciences Research","score":0.20739999413490295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalized-medicine","display_name":"personalized medicine","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioethics","display_name":"bioethics","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-data","display_name":"genetic data","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/informed-consent","display_name":"informed consent","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-privacy","display_name":"genetic privacy","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidentiality","display_name":"confidentiality","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-access","display_name":"health care access","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethical-decision-making","display_name":"ethical decision-making","score":0.9139999747276306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7776709198951721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32220436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072214","display_name":"Personalized medicine","level":2,"score":0.7717010378837585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71745522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476929","display_name":"Confidentiality","level":2,"score":0.7247015237808228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68122502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q764527","display_name":"Informed consent","level":3,"score":0.5463935732841492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986663376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9465","display_name":"Ethical issues","level":2,"score":0.513314425945282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.4905068278312683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163763905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17075943","display_name":"Precision medicine","level":2,"score":0.47069764137268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.444624125957489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.44353193044662476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.16984176635742188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.08748927712440491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003219","descriptor_name":"Confidentiality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007258","descriptor_name":"Informed Consent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D026688","descriptor_name":"Bioethical Issues","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057285","descriptor_name":"Precision Medicine","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:28282721","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28282721","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta medica Iranica","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e40bb7e559fe4210b41eb8494152ec73","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e40bb7e559fe4210b41eb8494152ec73","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Acta Medica Iranica, Vol 55, Iss 3 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:2597392002","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28282721","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5683000087738037}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971173684","https://openalex.org/W2077058186","https://openalex.org/W7019098666","https://openalex.org/W2950779383","https://openalex.org/W1569437290","https://openalex.org/W2292469343","https://openalex.org/W2460740453","https://openalex.org/W4394772216","https://openalex.org/W87462730","https://openalex.org/W2020519786"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"More":[0],"than":[1,46],"a":[2],"decade":[3],"ago,":[4],"personalized":[5,40,58],"medicine":[6,13,41,59],"was":[7],"presented":[8],"in":[9,60,73],"modern":[10],"medicine.":[11],"Personalized":[12],"means":[14],"that":[15],"the":[16,23,83,121],"right":[17,24],"drug":[18],"should":[19,109,116,128],"be":[20,110,117,129],"prescribed":[21],"for":[22],"patient":[25],"based":[26],"on":[27,68],"genetic":[28],"data.":[29],"No":[30],"doubt":[31],"is":[32],"developing":[33],"medical":[34],"sciences,":[35],"and":[36,62,64,89,93,95,106,114,131],"its":[37],"shift":[38],"into":[39],"complicates":[42],"ethical":[43,55,77,84,122,125],"challenges":[44],"more":[45],"before.":[47],"In":[48],"this":[49],"review,":[50,70],"we":[51],"categorized":[52],"all":[53],"probable":[54],"considerations":[56],"of":[57,97],"research":[61],"development":[63,105],"service":[65],"provision.":[66],"Based":[67],"our":[69],"extensive":[71],"changes":[72,78],"healthcare":[74,98],"system":[75],"including":[76,86],"are":[79],"needed":[80],"to":[81,119],"overcome":[82],"obstacles":[85],"knowledge":[87],"gap":[88],"informed":[90],"consent,":[91],"privacy":[92],"confidentiality":[94],"availability":[96],"services.":[99],"Furthermore":[100],"social":[101],"benefit":[102,108],"versus":[103],"science":[104],"individual":[107],"balanced.":[111],"Therefore":[112],"guidelines":[113],"regulations":[115],"compiled":[118],"represent":[120],"framework;":[123],"also":[124],"decision":[126],"making":[127],"day-to-day":[130],"individualized.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2017-03-23T00:00:00"}