{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2595882932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22067/jhorts4.v0i0.40666","title":"Effect of calcium chloride spraying on BER in two varieties of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb) Matsum and Nakai)","display_name":"Effect of calcium chloride spraying on BER in two varieties of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb) Matsum and Nakai)","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2595882932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22067/jhorts4.v0i0.40666","mag":"2595882932"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2272021d0913444fa20549544327662f","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22067/jhorts4.v0i0.40666","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2272021d0913444fa20549544327662f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Majallah-i \u0312Ulum-i B\u0101ghb\u0101n\u012b, Vol 31, Iss 1, Pp 61-69 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2272021d0913444fa20549544327662f","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"mohammad salahifarahi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38476204","display_name":"Urmia University","ror":"https://ror.org/032fk0x53","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38476204"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"mohammad salahifarahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Urumieh","\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0647"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Urumieh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38476204"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0647","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38476204"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Faramarz Sayyedi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faramarz Sayyedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center","\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u06af\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062c \u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0648\u0631\u0632\u06cc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u06af\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062c \u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0648\u0631\u0632\u06cc","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hadi 'Sheikhvesi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hadi 'Sheikhvesi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Islamic Azad University of Bojnord"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Islamic Azad University of Bojnord","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10473","display_name":"Postharvest Quality and Shelf Life Management","score":0.1890999972820282,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10473","display_name":"Postharvest Quality and Shelf Life Management","score":0.1890999972820282,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12754","display_name":"Plant Growth and Agriculture Techniques","score":0.1607999950647354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11404","display_name":"Irrigation Practices and Water Management","score":0.13619999587535858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blossom-end-rot","display_name":"blossom end rot","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watermelon","display_name":"watermelon","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium-chloride","display_name":"calcium chloride","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foliar-application","display_name":"foliar application","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium-deficiency","display_name":"calcium deficiency","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charleston-gray","display_name":"Charleston Gray","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium-uptake","display_name":"calcium uptake","score":0.367000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fruit-calcium-content","display_name":"fruit calcium content","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fruit-quality","display_name":"fruit quality","score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fruit-yield","display_name":"fruit yield","score":0.31200000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fruit-firmness","display_name":"fruit firmness","score":0.38499999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fruit-sugar-content","display_name":"fruit sugar content","score":0.3440000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fruit-acidity","display_name":"fruit acidity","score":0.42100000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fruit-vitamin-c","display_name":"fruit vitamin C","score":0.35199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fruit-vitamin-a","display_name":"fruit vitamin A","score":0.3240000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779004935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17507129","display_name":"Citrullus lanatus","level":2,"score":0.9886255860328674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.5565122961997986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519063684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q706","display_name":"Calcium","level":2,"score":0.4764830768108368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.45657777786254883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778979107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132239","display_name":"Citrullus","level":2,"score":0.43714478611946106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.3630717396736145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32913562655448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2579709589481354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2272021d0913444fa20549544327662f","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22067/jhorts4.v0i0.40666","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2272021d0913444fa20549544327662f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Majallah-i \u0312Ulum-i B\u0101ghb\u0101n\u012b, Vol 31, Iss 1, Pp 61-69 (2017)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2272021d0913444fa20549544327662f","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22067/jhorts4.v0i0.40666","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2272021d0913444fa20549544327662f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Majallah-i \u0312Ulum-i B\u0101ghb\u0101n\u012b, Vol 31, Iss 1, Pp 61-69 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2529921757","https://openalex.org/W2025083379","https://openalex.org/W2181685643","https://openalex.org/W2888782071","https://openalex.org/W4412369170","https://openalex.org/W2073369651","https://openalex.org/W2912507075","https://openalex.org/W7103910877","https://openalex.org/W186479848","https://openalex.org/W4251516118"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"Watermelon,":[1],"originated":[2],"from":[3,59,121,487],"warm":[4],"regions":[5],"of":[6,10,68,78,84,137,149,160,167,201,209,212,215,220,278,281,285,297,306,337,349,393,401,407,457,471,479,498,522,525,537,557,578,609,625,627,634,662,676,681,697,711,772],"Africa,":[7],"is":[8,64,82,91,101,110,145,155,180,231,252,258,594],"one":[9,100,109,434],"the":[11,88,98,107,138,221,235,267,276,293,307,321,347,387,488,493,499,555,568,607,610,635,679,695,773],"most":[12],"important":[13,596],"vegetable":[14],"crops":[15],"used":[16],"as":[17,36,41,206,246,248],"human":[18],"food,":[19],"forage":[20],"and":[21,38,52,75,106,115,133,152,270,320,330,342,372,384,386,398,413,418,429,464,477,495,519,527,539,620,644,699,719,727],"for":[22,223,532],"producing":[23],"alcohol.":[24],"The":[25,43,73,304,313,335,354,375,510,535,623,674,708],"area":[26],"under":[27,47,747],"its":[28,102,111],"cultivation":[29],"in":[30,70,127,162,171,183,192,234,261,266,302,359,426,449,574,598,604,756,765],"our":[31,172,748],"province":[32,173],"was":[33,289,310,315,323,327,332,352,356,378,390,445,459,502,513,613,637,668,688,705,754,763],"1031":[34],"ha":[35,40],"irrigated":[37],"3829":[39],"rainfed.":[42],"average":[44,709],"fruit":[45,216,462,475,533,545,585,631,649,759],"yields":[46],"above-mentioned":[48],"conditions":[49],"were":[50,344,416,424,431,441,485,529,563,573,658,716,734],"23784":[51],"14888kg":[53],"ha-1,":[54],"respectively.":[55,421,731],"Watermelon":[56],"fruits":[57,175,242,480,682,712],"suffer":[58],"a":[60,146,158,207,262,360,505],"nutritional":[61,147],"disorder":[62,148,687],"that":[63,154,601,630,746],"attributed":[65],"to":[66,274,433,451],"shortage":[67,159],"calcium":[69,79,119,161,233,251,255,264,282,343,394,402,458,526,540,588,643,677,700,751],"developing":[71,199],"fruits.":[72,116,164,561],"adsorption":[74],"uptake":[76],"process":[77],"by":[80,157,482,515,587,617,640,672,684,714,739],"plants":[81,139,497],"comprised":[83],"three":[85,373],"main":[86],"stages;":[87],"first":[89,376,437,494],"stage":[90,200],"passing":[92],"through":[93,140],"root":[94],"cortex":[95],"into":[96,113],"xylem,":[97,105],"second":[99,388],"transport":[103],"within":[104],"last":[108,496],"distribution":[112],"leaves":[114],"Plants":[117],"obtain":[118],"preferably":[120],"soil":[122,305,314,326],"solution.":[123],"Calcium":[124,194,547],"moves":[125],"upward":[126],"apoplastic":[128],"pathways":[129],"(with":[130],"transpiration":[131],"flow),":[132],"reaches":[134],"different":[135],"organs":[136],"xylem.":[141],"Blossom-end":[142,165],"rot":[143,166,214,484,559,686],"(BER)":[144],"watermelon,":[150,286,599],"tomato":[151],"pepper":[153],"caused":[156],"enlarging":[163],"watermelon":[168,184,380,758],"commonly":[169],"occurs":[170],"when":[174,229,254,439],"are":[176],"growing":[177,218],"rapidly.":[178],"BER":[179,203,284,715],"frequently":[181],"seen":[182],"genotypes":[185,528,569,636],"with":[186,369,466,576,660,736],"long":[187,410],"fruits,":[188,473],"Charleston":[189],"gray":[190,383],"type":[191,319],"particular.":[193],"requirement":[195],"increases":[196],"at":[197,292,436,652,690,723],"rapidly":[198],"fruit.":[202,268,774],"might":[204],"happen":[205],"result":[208],"increased":[210],"demand":[211,238],"blossom-end":[213,483,558,685,767],"(rapidly":[217],"section":[219],"fruits)":[222],"calcium.":[224,673],"It":[225],"can":[226],"occur":[227],"even":[228],"there":[230],"abundant":[232],"soil,":[236],"because":[237],"exceeds":[239],"supply.":[240],"Since":[241],"do":[243],"not":[244,328,530,542,550,564,614,638,669,706],"transpire":[245],"much":[247],"leaves,":[249],"less":[250],"deposited":[253],"containing":[256],"water":[257],"transpired,":[259],"resulting":[260],"localized":[263],"deficiency":[265],"Materials":[269],"methods:":[271],"In":[272],"order":[273],"investigate":[275],"effects":[277],"foliar":[279,523,752],"application":[280,456,524,548,753],"on":[283,363,554,678,702],"an":[287,595,602],"experiment":[288,308,355],"carried":[290,357],"out":[291,358],"agricultural":[294],"research":[295],"station":[296],"Gonbad,":[298],"Gonbad-e":[299],"Qabus,":[300],"Iran,":[301],"2008.":[303],"site":[309],"calcizerol,":[311],"thermic.":[312],"river":[316],"alluvial":[317],"plain":[318],"slope":[322],"moderate":[324],".The":[325],"saline":[329],"PH":[331],"slightly":[333],"alkaline.":[334],"amount":[336,348],"phosphorus,":[338],"potassium,":[339],"iron,":[340],"boron,":[341],"sufficient":[345],"but":[346,761],"available":[350],"zinc":[351],"low.":[353],"factorial":[361],"based":[362],"randomized":[364],"complete":[365],"block":[366],"design":[367],"(RCBD)":[368],"two":[370,379,489],"factors":[371],"replications.":[374],"factor":[377,389],"cultivars":[381],"(Charleston":[382],"Charlie),":[385],"four":[391,408],"levels":[392],"(0,":[395],"3,":[396,725],"5":[397,726],"8":[399,728],"gl-1":[400],"chloride).":[403],"Each":[404],"plot":[405],"consisted":[406],"ten-meter":[409],"rows.":[411,500],"Row":[412],"within-row":[414],"distances":[415],"3":[417],"0.75":[419],"meters,":[420],"Three":[422],"seeds":[423],"planted":[425],"each":[427],"hill,":[428],"they":[430,440],"thinned":[432],"seedling":[435],"hoeing":[438],"completely":[442],"established.":[443],"Irrigation":[444],"applied":[446,465],"six":[447],"times":[448],"furrows":[450],"avoid":[452],"moisture":[453],"stress.":[454],"Foliar":[455],"initiated":[460],"before":[461],"set":[463],"fifteen-day":[467],"intervals":[468],"afterwards.":[469],"Number":[470],"healthy":[472],"mean":[474],"weight,":[476],"number":[478,680,710],"affected":[481,560,616,639,648,671,683,713],"counted":[486],"inner":[490],"rows":[491],"discarding":[492],"Brix":[501,590,612],"determined":[503],"using":[504,516],"hand":[506],"refractometer":[507],"(OSK":[508],"7926).":[509],"data":[511],"obtained":[512],"analyzed":[514],"SAS.":[517],"Results":[518],"discussion:The":[520],"effect":[521,553,675,696],"significant":[531,689],"length.":[534,546],"interaction":[536,646,701],"genotype":[538,645,698],"did":[541,549],"significantly":[543,615,647,670],"affect":[544],"have":[551],"any":[552,565],"length":[556,586],"There":[562],"differences":[566],"between":[567],"studied.":[570],"These":[571,656,732],"findings":[572,657,733],"contrast":[575],"those":[577,661,737],"some":[579,663,740],"other":[580,664,741],"researchers,":[581],"who":[582],"reported":[583,738],"enhanced":[584],"application.":[589],"(soluble":[591],"solid":[592],"content)":[593],"trait":[597,704],"so":[600],"increase":[603],"it":[605,762],"raises":[606],"marketability":[608,771],"product.":[611],"calcium,":[618,641],"genotypes,":[619],"their":[621],"interaction.":[622],"results":[624],"analysis":[626],"variance":[628],"showed":[629],"rind":[632,650],"width":[633,651],"whereas":[642],"0.05":[653],"probability":[654,692],"level.":[655],"consistent":[659,735],"researchers.":[665,742],"Fruit":[666],"yield":[667],"0.01":[691],"level,":[693],"while":[694],"this":[703],"significant.":[707],"1667,":[717],"1144":[718],"588":[720],"per":[721],"hectare":[722],"0,":[724],"gl-1calcium":[729],"chloride,":[730],"Conclusion":[743],"We":[744],"concluded":[745],"experiment's":[749],"conditions,":[750],"ineffective":[755],"improving":[757],"yield,":[760],"promising":[764],"decreasing":[766],"rot,":[768],"which":[769],"reduces":[770]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2017-03-23T00:00:00"}