{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2595513643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aero.2017.7943946","title":"NASA's Kilopower reactor development and the path to higher power missions","display_name":"NASA's Kilopower reactor development and the path to higher power missions","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2595513643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aero.2017.7943946","mag":"2595513643"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/aero.2017.7943946","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aero.2017.7943946","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aero.2017.7943946","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210171417","display_name":"IEEE Aerospace Conference (AERO)","issn_l":"1095-323X","issn":["1095-323X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE Aerospace Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1477603","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109861383","display_name":"Marc A. Gibson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799786008","display_name":"Glenn Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/059fqnc42","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799786008","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc A. Gibson","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Glenn Research, Clevelend, OH"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Glenn Research, Clevelend, OH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799786008"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108730906","display_name":"Steven R. Oleson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799786008","display_name":"Glenn Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/059fqnc42","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799786008","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven R. Oleson","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Glenn Research, Clevelend, OH"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Glenn Research, Clevelend, OH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799786008"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081781753","display_name":"David I. Poston","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7642-2929","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7642-2929"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David I. Poston","raw_affiliation_strings":["Los Alamos National Lab, Los Alamos, NM"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Los Alamos National Lab, Los Alamos, NM","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006035470","display_name":"Patrick McClure","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7187-5731","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7187-5731"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick McClure","raw_affiliation_strings":["Los Alamos National Lab, Los Alamos, NM"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Los Alamos National Lab, Los Alamos, NM","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":52.8543,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":135,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":1.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10597","display_name":"Nuclear reactor physics and engineering","score":0.95169997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2104","display_name":"Nuclear Energy and Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10597","display_name":"Nuclear reactor physics and engineering","score":0.95169997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2104","display_name":"Nuclear Energy and Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12449","display_name":"Spacecraft Design and Technology","score":0.013700000010430813,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14327","display_name":"Advanced Energy Technologies and Civil Engineering Innovations","score":0.011599999852478504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2104","display_name":"Nuclear Energy and Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-nuclear-power","display_name":"space nuclear power","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-electric-propulsion","display_name":"nuclear electric propulsion","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outer-planet-missions","display_name":"outer planet missions","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propellant-production","display_name":"propellant production","score":0.5460000038146973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513653683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12739","display_name":"Nuclear power","level":2,"score":0.5498620271682739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153454851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q473252","display_name":"Enriched uranium","level":3,"score":0.4875776171684265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36091686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11429","display_name":"Nuclear fission","level":4,"score":0.4838906228542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.4719711244106293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37750225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1353262","display_name":"Nuclear reactor core","level":2,"score":0.46729496121406555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541523362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80877","display_name":"Nuclear reactor","level":2,"score":0.43736982345581055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.40654441714286804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555451288","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1098","display_name":"Uranium","level":2,"score":0.3879667818546295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3601793050765991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.3427049517631531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3372037708759308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12294094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929080","display_name":"Fission","level":3,"score":0.28506380319595337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.17263680696487427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152568617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2348","display_name":"Neutron","level":2,"score":0.15686357021331787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14254260063171387}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/aero.2017.7943946","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aero.2017.7943946","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aero.2017.7943946","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210171417","display_name":"IEEE Aerospace Conference (AERO)","issn_l":"1095-323X","issn":["1095-323X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE Aerospace Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1477603","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1477603","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1477603","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:casi.ntrs.nasa.gov:20170002010","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170002010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196257","display_name":"NASA STI Repository (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210124779","host_organization_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"CASI","raw_type":"GRC-E-DAA-TN36554"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1477603","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1477603","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1477603","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8485000133514404,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"},{"score":0.5378999710083008,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G286898171","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC52-06NA2-5396","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G310521049","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DEAC52- 06NA25396","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332369","funder_display_name":"National Nuclear Security Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3700687868","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AC52-06NA25396","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338304","funder_display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5657628048","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AC52-06NA25396","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G75892134","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC52-06NA25396","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338304","funder_display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332369","display_name":"National Nuclear Security Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/03sk1we31"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338304","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2595513643.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2595513643.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W227673818","https://openalex.org/W1530132216","https://openalex.org/W2290522851"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1530132216","https://openalex.org/W3081030339","https://openalex.org/W2537791262","https://openalex.org/W7048294859","https://openalex.org/W4318425271","https://openalex.org/W7046259470","https://openalex.org/W3174059052","https://openalex.org/W2887087442","https://openalex.org/W3033505500","https://openalex.org/W3004098134"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,24,123,276],"development":[1,13,253,425],"of":[2,33,75,78,84,96,134,146,182,218,227,257,269,305,325,330,345,360,414],"NASA's":[3],"Kilopower":[4,25,105,125,409],"fission":[5,88,233,274,349,369],"reactor":[6,106,116,142,289],"is":[7,118,318],"taking":[8],"large":[9],"strides":[10],"toward":[11],"flight":[12,86,121,246,272,377,424],"with":[14,93,130,203,230,244,287,407,411],"several":[15,154,258,279],"successful":[16,180],"tests":[17,156],"completed":[18],"during":[19],"its":[20],"technology":[21,417],"demonstration":[22],"trials.":[23],"reactors":[26],"are":[27,263],"designed":[28],"to":[29,36,51,102,167,175,192,265,292,321,352,397,418,430],"provide":[30],"1-10":[31],"kW":[32],"electrical":[34,159],"power":[35,52,150,234,260,291,317,350,370,388,436],"a":[37,85,131,138,163,224,231,255,271,302,357,368,419,423],"spacecraft":[38],"or":[39,56],"lander,":[40],"which":[41],"could":[42],"be":[43,190,201],"used":[44],"for":[45,120,314,434],"additional":[46],"science":[47,280,299],"instruments,":[48,300],"the":[49,76,82,94,104,115,144,149,169,183,187,193,204,212,219,238,250,267,288,293,298,323,346,408,412,416],"ability":[50],"electric":[53,285],"propulsion":[54,286,295],"systems,":[55],"support":[57,329],"human":[58,336],"exploration":[59],"on":[60],"another":[61],"planet.":[62],"Power":[63],"rich":[64,252],"nuclear":[65,141,177,213,284,312],"missions":[66,281,384],"have":[67,223],"been":[68,405],"excluded":[69],"from":[70],"NASA":[71,90,221],"mission":[72,261,339,364],"proposals":[73],"because":[74],"lack":[77],"radioisotope":[79],"fuel":[80],"and":[81,110,112,136,162,209,240,297,335,379,393,401,427],"absence":[83],"qualified":[87,273],"system.":[89],"has":[91,351,404],"partnered":[92],"Department":[95],"Energy's":[97],"National":[98,195],"Nuclear":[99],"Security":[100,196],"Administration":[101],"develop":[103],"using":[107,157,211],"existing":[108],"facilities":[109],"infrastructure":[111],"determine":[113],"if":[114],"design":[117,173],"suitable":[119],"development.":[122,247],"three-year":[124],"project":[126,410],"started":[127],"in":[128,328,372],"2015":[129],"challenging":[132],"goal":[133,413],"building":[135],"testing":[137],"full-scale":[139],"flight-prototypic":[140,232],"by":[143],"end":[145],"2017.":[147],"Initially,":[148],"system":[151,172,188,296,327,371],"will":[152,189,200,222],"undergo":[153],"non-nuclear":[155,171],"an":[158],"heat":[160,214],"source":[161],"depleted":[164,184],"uranium":[165,185,207],"core":[166,208],"verify":[168],"complete":[170],"prior":[174],"any":[176],"testing.":[178],"After":[179],"completion":[181,217],"test,":[186],"shipped":[191],"Nevada":[194],"Site":[197],"where":[198],"it":[199],"fueled":[202],"highly":[205],"enriched":[206],"re-tested":[210],"source.":[215],"At":[216],"project,":[220],"significant":[225],"sum":[226],"experimental":[228],"data":[229],"system,":[235],"greatly":[236],"reducing":[237],"technical":[239],"programmatic":[241],"risks":[242],"associated":[243],"further":[245],"To":[248],"compliment":[249],"hardware":[251],"progress,":[254],"review":[256],"higher":[259,435],"studies":[262,277,340],"included":[264],"emphasize":[266],"impact":[268],"having":[270],"reactor.":[275],"cover":[278],"that":[282,348,385,421],"offer":[283,341,353],"supplying":[290],"spacecraft's":[294],"enabling":[301],"new":[303,383,432],"class":[304],"outer":[306],"planet":[307],"missions.":[308,437],"A":[309],"solar":[310],"versus":[311],"trade":[313],"Mars":[315],"surface":[316],"also":[319],"reviewed":[320],"compare":[322],"advantages":[324],"each":[326],"ascent":[331],"vehicle":[332],"propellant":[333],"production":[334],"expeditions.":[337],"These":[338],"insight":[342],"into":[343],"some":[344],"benefits":[347],"but":[354],"still":[355],"lacks":[356],"wider":[358],"audience":[359],"influence.":[361],"For":[362],"example,":[363],"directorates":[365],"won't":[366,381],"include":[367],"their":[373],"solicitations":[374],"until":[375],"it's":[376],"qualified,":[378],"scientists":[380,429],"propose":[382,431],"require":[386],"more":[387],"than":[389],"what's":[390],"currently":[391],"proven":[392],"available.":[394],"An":[395],"attempt":[396],"break":[398],"this":[399],"chicken":[400],"egg":[402],"effect":[403],"ongoing":[406],"advancing":[415],"level":[420],"encourages":[422],"program":[426],"allows":[428],"ideas":[433]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2017-03-23T00:00:00"}