{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2594969871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9112/6/6/008","title":"Science and its Background","display_name":"Science and its Background","publication_year":1955,"publication_date":"1955-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2594969871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9112/6/6/008","mag":"2594969871"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/0031-9112/6/6/008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9112/6/6/008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9112/6/6/008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764513482","display_name":"Physics Bulletin","issn_l":"0031-9112","issn":["0031-9112"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311669","host_organization_name":"Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics Bulletin","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022553377","display_name":"Gordon Van Praagh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"G Van Praagh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022553377"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.31157749,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"6","first_page":"134","last_page":"134"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.899399995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.899399995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14517","display_name":"Diverse Historical and Scientific Studies","score":0.03400000184774399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11137","display_name":"Historical Philosophy and Science","score":0.03280000016093254,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-science","display_name":"history of science","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-discovery","display_name":"scientific discovery","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biographies-of-scientists","display_name":"biography of a scientist","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-civilization","display_name":"history of civilization","score":0.5960000157356262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122302079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8432","display_name":"Civilization","level":2,"score":0.8176000714302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.6647428870201111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984917352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12772819","display_name":"Scientific discovery","level":2,"score":0.5173556208610535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.5147121548652649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85659524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201486","display_name":"History of science","level":2,"score":0.4389806091785431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.34645408391952515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.29811328649520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.25530195236206055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.14635273814201355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.1251576542854309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1098284125328064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.08936882019042969}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/0031-9112/6/6/008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9112/6/6/008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9112/6/6/008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764513482","display_name":"Physics Bulletin","issn_l":"0031-9112","issn":["0031-9112"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311669","host_organization_name":"Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics Bulletin","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W612752438","https://openalex.org/W4243606507","https://openalex.org/W2941153916","https://openalex.org/W1590853099","https://openalex.org/W632170832","https://openalex.org/W2070622432","https://openalex.org/W4230990329","https://openalex.org/W1517124646","https://openalex.org/W2480544604","https://openalex.org/W3201894169"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"By":[0],"H.":[1],"D.":[2],"Anthony.":[3],"(2nd":[4],"Edition).":[5],"(London":[6],":":[7],"Macmillan":[8],"and":[9,55,57],"Company).":[10],"Pp.":[11],"x":[12],"+":[13],"338.":[14],"Price":[15],"20s.":[16],"This":[17,39],"book":[18],"tells":[19],"the":[20,26,31,47,64],"story":[21],"of":[22,28,37,46,52,66],"scientific":[23],"discovery":[24],"from":[25],"beginnings":[27],"civilization":[29],"to":[30],"present":[32],"day":[33],"against":[34],"a":[35],"background":[36],"history.":[38],"object":[40],"is":[41],"achieved":[42],"by":[43],"grouping":[44],"most":[45],"material":[48],"around":[49],"brief":[50],"biographies":[51],"outstanding":[53],"scholars":[54],"scientists,":[56],"convenient":[58],"Summaries":[59],"are":[60],"given":[61],"periodically":[62],"in":[63],"form":[65],"time":[67],"charts.":[68]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2017-03-23T00:00:00"}