{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2594883733","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/aa77cc","title":"The black hole information problem: past, present, and future","display_name":"The black hole information problem: past, present, and future","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-06-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2594883733","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/aa77cc","mag":"2594883733","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28590252"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1361-6633/aa77cc","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/aa77cc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/aa77cc","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6633/aa77cc/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105282323","display_name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","issn_l":"0034-4885","issn":["0034-4885","1361-6633"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6633/aa77cc/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Donald Marolf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4560-4997","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4560-4997"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803209242","display_name":"University of California System","ror":"https://ror.org/00pjdza24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Donald Marolf","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4560-4997","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"],"apc_list":{"value":4680,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4680},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.9743,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":216,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99343828,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"80","issue":"9","first_page":"092001","last_page":"092001"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10025","display_name":"Black Holes and Theoretical Physics","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10025","display_name":"Black Holes and Theoretical Physics","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10048","display_name":"Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11415","display_name":"Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-hole-information-paradox","display_name":"black hole information paradox","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-hole-complementarity","display_name":"black hole complementarity","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unitarity","display_name":"unitarity","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-hole-thermodynamics","display_name":"black hole thermodynamics","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hawking-radiation","display_name":"Hawking radiation","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-hole-evaporation","display_name":"black hole evaporation","score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-information-in-black-holes","display_name":"quantum information in black holes","score":0.6039999723434448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.9517999887466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.6456000208854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50341732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q880302","display_name":"Black hole (networking)","level":5,"score":0.565500020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.37470000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.33410000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59087194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1471710","display_name":"Black hole information paradox","level":5,"score":0.32910001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182877743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155939","display_name":"Primordial black hole","level":4,"score":0.3091000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.2831000089645386}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/1361-6633/aa77cc","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/aa77cc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/aa77cc","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6633/aa77cc/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105282323","display_name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","issn_l":"0034-4885","issn":["0034-4885","1361-6633"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28590252","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28590252","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1703.02143","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1703.02143","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1703.02143","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt4185g39x","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4185g39x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain), vol 80, iss 9","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4185g39x","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4185g39x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Reports on Progress in Physics, vol 80, iss 9","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:qt4185g39x","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4185g39x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Marolf, D. (2017). The black hole information problem: past, present, and future. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS, 80(9), 092001. doi: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa77cc. UC Santa Barbara: Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4185g39x","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1703.02143","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1703.02143","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1703.02143","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1361-6633/aa77cc","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/aa77cc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/aa77cc","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6633/aa77cc/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105282323","display_name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","issn_l":"0034-4885","issn":["0034-4885","1361-6633"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1691465997","display_name":"Research in Classical and Quantum Gravity","funder_award_id":"1504541","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308590","display_name":"University of California","ror":"https://ror.org/00pjdza24"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2594883733.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2594883733.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":102,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484965124","https://openalex.org/W1525886153","https://openalex.org/W1533205001","https://openalex.org/W1576055651","https://openalex.org/W1585213554","https://openalex.org/W1596215913","https://openalex.org/W1633139446","https://openalex.org/W1748077244","https://openalex.org/W1819548973","https://openalex.org/W1822244545","https://openalex.org/W1862480944","https://openalex.org/W1933441239","https://openalex.org/W1964890283","https://openalex.org/W1968719750","https://openalex.org/W1970253213","https://openalex.org/W1982918941","https://openalex.org/W1984750452","https://openalex.org/W1986909703","https://openalex.org/W1987890035","https://openalex.org/W1995367871","https://openalex.org/W1995999485","https://openalex.org/W1996094349","https://openalex.org/W1996343274","https://openalex.org/W2000193897","https://openalex.org/W2000941770","https://openalex.org/W2003436482","https://openalex.org/W2004338529","https://openalex.org/W2004362734","https://openalex.org/W2006636122","https://openalex.org/W2027712212","https://openalex.org/W2034084473","https://openalex.org/W2041030636","https://openalex.org/W2042072504","https://openalex.org/W2048024402","https://openalex.org/W2049471987","https://openalex.org/W2050068995","https://openalex.org/W2052000774","https://openalex.org/W2054920600","https://openalex.org/W2056472457","https://openalex.org/W2074351874","https://openalex.org/W2078707028","https://openalex.org/W2086551466","https://openalex.org/W2090386790","https://openalex.org/W2095590093","https://openalex.org/W2096028023","https://openalex.org/W2096799824","https://openalex.org/W2098838878","https://openalex.org/W2100168895","https://openalex.org/W2102946449","https://openalex.org/W2105893785","https://openalex.org/W2107914128","https://openalex.org/W2108085684","https://openalex.org/W2108191046","https://openalex.org/W2108734736","https://openalex.org/W2113869070","https://openalex.org/W2114810313","https://openalex.org/W2115714189","https://openalex.org/W2120051676","https://openalex.org/W2123391119","https://openalex.org/W2123443703","https://openalex.org/W2124967243","https://openalex.org/W2125644038","https://openalex.org/W2127668517","https://openalex.org/W2129872856","https://openalex.org/W2130491267","https://openalex.org/W2133890384","https://openalex.org/W2134431319","https://openalex.org/W2134740425","https://openalex.org/W2134753350","https://openalex.org/W2137879641","https://openalex.org/W2142025757","https://openalex.org/W2142493599","https://openalex.org/W2144642270","https://openalex.org/W2146478425","https://openalex.org/W2147155932","https://openalex.org/W2147427575","https://openalex.org/W2147821731","https://openalex.org/W2149158236","https://openalex.org/W2154644285","https://openalex.org/W2155857024","https://openalex.org/W2156785825","https://openalex.org/W2158576061","https://openalex.org/W2159252437","https://openalex.org/W2162408901","https://openalex.org/W2163260026","https://openalex.org/W2164817854","https://openalex.org/W2166248051","https://openalex.org/W2176154374","https://openalex.org/W2225733786","https://openalex.org/W2337343694","https://openalex.org/W2405695747","https://openalex.org/W2519186033","https://openalex.org/W2558754323","https://openalex.org/W2585537525","https://openalex.org/W2963370077","https://openalex.org/W2963530921","https://openalex.org/W3037040037","https://openalex.org/W3037318174","https://openalex.org/W3037907616","https://openalex.org/W3104825523","https://openalex.org/W4234933822","https://openalex.org/W4302032291"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3126970909","https://openalex.org/W3127431820","https://openalex.org/W7147221734","https://openalex.org/W2519186033","https://openalex.org/W2763277124","https://openalex.org/W13756771","https://openalex.org/W7100725637","https://openalex.org/W3159564416","https://openalex.org/W4413817376","https://openalex.org/W2293668776"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,38],"give":[1],"a":[2,28],"brief":[3],"overview":[4],"of":[5],"the":[6],"black":[7],"hole":[8],"information":[9],"problem":[10],"emphasizing":[11],"fundamental":[12],"issues":[13],"and":[14,26],"recent":[15],"proposals":[16],"for":[17],"its":[18],"resolution.":[19],"The":[20],"focus":[21],"is":[22],"on":[23,40],"broad":[24],"perspective":[25],"providing":[27],"guide":[29],"to":[30],"current":[31],"literature":[32],"rather":[33],"than":[34],"presenting":[35],"full":[36],"details.":[37],"concentrate":[39],"resolutions":[41],"restoring":[42],"naive":[43],"unitarity.":[44]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2017-03-16T00:00:00"}
