{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2594512166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2017.01.027","title":"The normal fire environment\u2014Modeling environmental suitability for large forest wildfires using past, present, and future climate normals","display_name":"The normal fire environment\u2014Modeling environmental suitability for large forest wildfires using past, present, and future climate normals","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2594512166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2017.01.027","mag":"2594512166"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2017.01.027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2017.01.027","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2017.01.027","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112716309318/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195255895","display_name":"Forest Ecology and Management","issn_l":"0378-1127","issn":["0378-1127","1872-7042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Forest Ecology and Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112716309318/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109083613","display_name":"Raymond J. Davis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8386-0123","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8386-0123"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1313416372","display_name":"US Forest Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmjc935","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313416372","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Raymond Davis","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1313416372"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052157609","display_name":"Zhiqiang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3980-3436","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3980-3436"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiqiang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Forest Ecosystem and Society, Oregon State University, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forest Ecosystem and Society, Oregon State University, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068745872","display_name":"Andrew C. Yost","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405272201","display_name":"Oregon Department of Forestry","ror":"https://ror.org/03r4x3v71","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405272201"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Yost","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oregon Department of Forestry, 2600 State Street, Salem, OR 97321, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon Department of Forestry, 2600 State Street, Salem, OR 97321, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405272201"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042222266","display_name":"Cole Belongie","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1313416372","display_name":"US Forest Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmjc935","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313416372","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271614","display_name":"National Interagency Fire Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02qvp2p48","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cole Belongie","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Forest Service, National Interagency Fire Center, 3833 South Development Ave, Boise, ID 83705, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Forest Service, National Interagency Fire Center, 3833 South Development Ave, Boise, ID 83705, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1313416372","https://openalex.org/I4405271614"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063686564","display_name":"Warren B. Cohen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3144-9532","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3144-9532"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1313416372","display_name":"US Forest Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmjc935","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313416372","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124557","display_name":"Pacific Northwest Research Station","ror":"https://ror.org/02s42ys89","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313416372","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210124557"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Warren Cohen","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1313416372","https://openalex.org/I4210124557"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109083613"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1313416372"],"apc_list":{"value":3560,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3560},"apc_paid":{"value":3560,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3560},"fwci":4.525,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":94,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95196886,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"390","issue":null,"first_page":"173","last_page":"186"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11753","display_name":"Forest Management and Policy","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13388","display_name":"Rangeland and Wildlife Management","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-normals","display_name":"climate normals","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change-projections","display_name":"climate change projections","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-temperature","display_name":"maximum temperature","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation-and-slope","display_name":"elevation and slope","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federal-lands","display_name":"federal lands","score":0.4959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pacific-northwest","display_name":"Pacific Northwest","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecoregions","display_name":"ecoregions","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wildfire-risk-mapping","display_name":"wildfire risk mapping","score":0.3199999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7131437063217163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.6754090785980225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.5877094864845276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.5060641169548035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.48104241490364075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168754636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620920","display_name":"Climate model","level":3,"score":0.43383437395095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.4296647012233734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.4150993525981903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89736061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5451644","display_name":"Fire regime","level":3,"score":0.4123850166797638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3595944941043854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.26180264353752136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.2009575366973877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.16344448924064636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2017.01.027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2017.01.027","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2017.01.027","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112716309318/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195255895","display_name":"Forest Ecology and Management","issn_l":"0378-1127","issn":["0378-1127","1872-7042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Forest Ecology and Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2017.01.027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2017.01.027","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2017.01.027","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112716309318/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195255895","display_name":"Forest Ecology and Management","issn_l":"0378-1127","issn":["0378-1127","1872-7042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Forest Ecology and Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":1.0,"display_name":"Climate action"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.9599999785423279,"display_name":"Life on land"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306116","display_name":"U.S. Department of the Interior","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0pmy70"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332478","display_name":"U.S. Forest Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmjc935"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F6985957722","display_name":"Oregon Department of Forestry","ror":"https://ror.org/03r4x3v71"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2594512166.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2594512166.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":79,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1129714271","https://openalex.org/W1515177068","https://openalex.org/W1545130138","https://openalex.org/W1568201516","https://openalex.org/W1605323303","https://openalex.org/W1639413685","https://openalex.org/W1869754503","https://openalex.org/W1946614090","https://openalex.org/W1951564719","https://openalex.org/W1951684732","https://openalex.org/W1966334841","https://openalex.org/W1966811787","https://openalex.org/W1986945538","https://openalex.org/W1987161776","https://openalex.org/W1990748933","https://openalex.org/W1991308688","https://openalex.org/W1993839694","https://openalex.org/W1997065014","https://openalex.org/W1997243270","https://openalex.org/W1998025025","https://openalex.org/W2006746984","https://openalex.org/W2008601089","https://openalex.org/W2009435671","https://openalex.org/W2019446850","https://openalex.org/W2021735364","https://openalex.org/W2024966118","https://openalex.org/W2033686454","https://openalex.org/W2038155108","https://openalex.org/W2040266815","https://openalex.org/W2048313801","https://openalex.org/W2055412675","https://openalex.org/W2065509880","https://openalex.org/W2066350588","https://openalex.org/W2067087368","https://openalex.org/W2068864977","https://openalex.org/W2074262969","https://openalex.org/W2075704050","https://openalex.org/W2078990120","https://openalex.org/W2084842115","https://openalex.org/W2085749928","https://openalex.org/W2088904381","https://openalex.org/W2090191602","https://openalex.org/W2101935089","https://openalex.org/W2103186690","https://openalex.org/W2105726758","https://openalex.org/W2106080357","https://openalex.org/W2108835406","https://openalex.org/W2114689706","https://openalex.org/W2115268776","https://openalex.org/W2115506886","https://openalex.org/W2118849057","https://openalex.org/W2123667210","https://openalex.org/W2124385339","https://openalex.org/W2129435498","https://openalex.org/W2130695471","https://openalex.org/W2138102892","https://openalex.org/W2139416101","https://openalex.org/W2141948736","https://openalex.org/W2145966343","https://openalex.org/W2146763009","https://openalex.org/W2156119625","https://openalex.org/W2156632553","https://openalex.org/W2158735769","https://openalex.org/W2159835749","https://openalex.org/W2160393969","https://openalex.org/W2162141166","https://openalex.org/W2165220408","https://openalex.org/W2286881062","https://openalex.org/W2315899005","https://openalex.org/W2333722298","https://openalex.org/W2339581915","https://openalex.org/W2344471832","https://openalex.org/W2401580071","https://openalex.org/W2504397634","https://openalex.org/W2530960585","https://openalex.org/W2607128338","https://openalex.org/W2965530574","https://openalex.org/W2978445197","https://openalex.org/W6691089529"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2123667210","https://openalex.org/W2246286334","https://openalex.org/W2114689706","https://openalex.org/W4392059692","https://openalex.org/W2150313815","https://openalex.org/W2554541818","https://openalex.org/W1976197408","https://openalex.org/W2904142945","https://openalex.org/W2119808046","https://openalex.org/W2954436711"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,88,169],"modeled":[1,190],"the":[2,15,20,29,38,61,73,116,133,139,149,175,183,196,199,201,249],"normal":[3,32,64],"fire":[4,42,86,128,171,205,233,257],"environment":[5],"for":[6,14,94,111,132,142,148,174],"occurrence":[7,26,134],"of":[8,19,57,75,124,135,198,214,224,240,252],"large":[9,79,112,136,191,253],"forest":[10,24,76,113,230],"wildfires":[11,80,137,254],"(>40":[12],"ha)":[13],"Pacific":[16],"Northwest":[17],"Region":[18],"United":[21],"States.":[22],"Large":[23],"wildfire":[25,192],"data":[27],"from":[28,81],"recent":[30,176],"climate":[31,63,92,103,180,245],"period":[33,65],"(1971\u20132000)":[34],"was":[35],"used":[36,51,90],"as":[37,52],"response":[39],"variable":[40],"and":[41,48,72,100,152,164,178,181,188,236,243,255],"season":[43],"precipitation,":[44],"maximum":[45],"temperature,":[46],"slope,":[47],"elevation":[49],"were":[50],"predictor":[53],"variables.":[54],"A":[55],"projection":[56],"our":[58,189],"model":[59,70],"onto":[60],"2001\u20132030":[62],"showed":[66,167],"strong":[67],"agreement":[68],"between":[69,186],"predictions":[71],"area":[74,126],"burned":[77],"by":[78],"2001":[82],"to":[83,105],"2015":[84],"(independent":[85],"data).":[87],"then":[89],"downscaled":[91],"projections":[93],"two":[95],"greenhouse":[96],"gas":[97],"concentration":[98],"scenarios":[99],"over":[101,115,138],"30":[102],"models":[104,202],"project":[106],"changes":[107],"in":[108],"environmental":[109],"suitability":[110,193],"fires":[114],"21st":[117],"century.":[118],"Results":[119],"indicated":[120],"an":[121],"increasing":[122],"proportion":[123],"forested":[125],"with":[127,208],"environments":[129],"more":[130],"suitable":[131],"next":[140],"century":[141],"all":[143],"ecoregions":[144],"but":[145],"less":[146],"pronounced":[147],"Coast":[150],"Range":[151],"Puget":[153],"Lowlands.":[154],"The":[155],"largest":[156],"increases":[157],"occurred":[158],"on":[159],"federal":[160],"lands,":[161],"while":[162],"private":[163],"state":[165],"lands":[166],"less.":[168],"calculated":[170],"rotation":[172,206],"periods":[173],"historical":[177],"current":[179],"examined":[182],"relative":[184],"differences":[185],"them":[187],"classes.":[194],"By":[195],"end":[197],"century,":[200],"predicted":[203],"shorter":[204],"periods,":[207],"cooler/moister":[209],"forests":[210],"experiencing":[211],"larger":[212],"magnitudes":[213],"change":[215,246],"than":[216],"warmer/drier":[217],"forests.":[218],"Modeling":[219],"products,":[220],"including":[221],"a":[222],"set":[223],"time":[225],"series":[226],"maps,":[227],"can":[228],"provide":[229],"resource":[231],"managers,":[232],"protection":[234],"agencies,":[235],"policy-makers":[237],"empirical":[238],"estimates":[239],"how":[241],"much":[242],"where":[244],"might":[247],"affect":[248],"geographic":[250],"distribution":[251],"effect":[256],"rotations.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2017-03-16T00:00:00"}
