{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2594496545","doi":null,"title":"Improving the Prediction of Survival in Cancer Patients by Using Machine Learning Techniques: Experience of Gene Expression Data: A Narrative Review.","display_name":"Improving the Prediction of Survival in Cancer Patients by Using Machine Learning Techniques: Experience of Gene Expression Data: A Narrative Review.","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2594496545","mag":"2594496545","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28451550","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5402773"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5402773","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5402773","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Iran J Public Health","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5402773","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067842763","display_name":"Azadeh Bashiri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-8453","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-8453"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70640408","display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4pz451","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azadeh Bashiri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Health Information Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Health Information Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072115149","display_name":"Marjan Ghazisaeedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2400-209X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2400-209X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70640408","display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4pz451","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marjan Ghazisaeedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Health Information Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Health Information Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057100080","display_name":"Reza Safdari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4982-337X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4982-337X","https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8360-065X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70640408","display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4pz451","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reza Safdari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Health Information Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Health Information Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044012334","display_name":"Leila Shahmoradi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2269-9022","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2269-9022","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7983-0311"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70640408","display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4pz451","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leila Shahmoradi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Health Information Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Health Information Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021675197","display_name":"Hamideh Ehtesham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4406-501X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4406-501X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70640408","display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4pz451","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamide Ehtesham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Health Information Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Health Information Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6444,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54932608,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"46","issue":"2","first_page":"165","last_page":"172"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10183","display_name":"Breast Cancer Treatment Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-survival-prediction","display_name":"cancer survival prediction","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-expression-data","display_name":"gene expression data","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microarray","display_name":"microarray","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"machine learning","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-network","display_name":"artificial neural networks","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prognostic-signature","display_name":"prognostic signature","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-decision-support-systems","display_name":"clinical decision support systems","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-oncology","display_name":"precision oncology","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prognosis","display_name":"prognosis","score":0.4269999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6694331765174866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.5659751892089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5552576780319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5374721884727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95371953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q591745","display_name":"DNA microarray","level":4,"score":0.4512917995452881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189206191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222046","display_name":"Genomics","level":4,"score":0.44845151901245117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.4359648525714874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150194340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972","display_name":"Gene expression","level":3,"score":0.39545172452926636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3684414327144623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3270077109336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.29262471199035645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.19811537861824036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.14001819491386414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141231307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020","display_name":"Genome","level":3,"score":0.1127256453037262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5402773","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5402773","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Iran J Public Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:28451550","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28451550","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Iranian journal of public health","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9dbd2eaeea70432f970d01da843ebbb0","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9dbd2eaeea70432f970d01da843ebbb0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Iranian Journal of Public Health, Vol 46, Iss 2 (2017)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5402773","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5402773","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Iran J Public Health","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1944672","https://openalex.org/W229925956","https://openalex.org/W265226335","https://openalex.org/W865223459","https://openalex.org/W1566254991","https://openalex.org/W1844712574","https://openalex.org/W1977265756","https://openalex.org/W1977868088","https://openalex.org/W1996089190","https://openalex.org/W1999517354","https://openalex.org/W2000771269","https://openalex.org/W2002067368","https://openalex.org/W2004741011","https://openalex.org/W2005369618","https://openalex.org/W2015223144","https://openalex.org/W2015567955","https://openalex.org/W2018116321","https://openalex.org/W2025410493","https://openalex.org/W2037892364","https://openalex.org/W2037915750","https://openalex.org/W2040188700","https://openalex.org/W2044545697","https://openalex.org/W2049372093","https://openalex.org/W2065762573","https://openalex.org/W2087044778","https://openalex.org/W2090890710","https://openalex.org/W2096307164","https://openalex.org/W2099789788","https://openalex.org/W2122345917","https://openalex.org/W2125065061","https://openalex.org/W2132898646","https://openalex.org/W2137219016","https://openalex.org/W2139999904","https://openalex.org/W2143426320","https://openalex.org/W2144409354","https://openalex.org/W2152447806","https://openalex.org/W2154787822","https://openalex.org/W2156711378","https://openalex.org/W2163719914","https://openalex.org/W2165073001","https://openalex.org/W2179226391","https://openalex.org/W2232913710","https://openalex.org/W2306293555","https://openalex.org/W2330051980","https://openalex.org/W4241801284","https://openalex.org/W4296886862"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2708481867","https://openalex.org/W1987776395","https://openalex.org/W2596091826","https://openalex.org/W2905015879","https://openalex.org/W2031821463","https://openalex.org/W3045732987","https://openalex.org/W2143972711","https://openalex.org/W4210598545","https://openalex.org/W2099661085","https://openalex.org/W7095462994"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Today,":[1],"despite":[2],"the":[3,18,36,48,59,112,141,156,168,188,229],"many":[4],"advances":[5],"in":[6,21,51,74,90,121,126,162,176,194,217],"early":[7],"detection":[8],"of":[9,40,45,54,61,117,130,135,143,159,170,182,190,231],"diseases,":[10],"cancer":[11,41,75,163,177],"patients":[12,226],"have":[13,28,110,139],"a":[14],"poor":[15],"prognosis":[16,230],"and":[17,93,106,115,132,172,196,222,227],"survival":[19,52,62,105,127,180,218],"rates":[20],"them":[22],"are":[23,47],"low.":[24],"Recently,":[25],"microarray":[26],"technologies":[27],"been":[29],"used":[30,96],"for":[31,179,208],"gathering":[32],"thousands":[33],"data":[34,46,68,120,125,212],"about":[35],"gene":[37,66,102,118,160,174,210],"expression":[38,67,103,119,161,175,211],"level":[39],"cells.":[42],"These":[43,165],"types":[44],"main":[49],"indicators":[50],"prediction":[53,63,181],"cancer.":[55,107,183],"This":[56,78],"study":[57],"highlights":[58],"improvement":[60],"based":[64,204],"on":[65,205],"by":[69,83],"using":[70],"machine":[71,100,144,191],"learning":[72,145,192],"techniques":[73,193],"patients.":[76,164],"METHODS:":[77],"review":[79],"article":[80],"was":[81],"conducted":[82],"searching":[84],"articles":[85],"between":[86],"2000":[87],"to":[88,153,187,225],"2016":[89],"scientific":[91],"databases":[92],"e-Journals.":[94],"We":[95],"keywords":[97],"such":[98,136,147],"as":[99,148],"learning,":[101],"data,":[104,137],"RESULTS:":[108],"Studies":[109],"shown":[111],"high":[113,133],"accuracy":[114],"effectiveness":[116],"comparison":[122],"with":[123],"clinical":[124,200],"prediction.":[128],"Because":[129],"bewildering":[131],"volume":[134],"studies":[138],"highlighted":[140],"importance":[142],"algorithms":[146,166],"Artificial":[149],"Neural":[150],"Networks":[151],"(ANN)":[152],"find":[154],"out":[155],"distinctive":[157],"signatures":[158],"improve":[167,228],"efficiency":[169],"probing":[171],"analyzing":[173,209],"profiles":[178],"CONCLUSION:":[184],"By":[185],"attention":[186],"capabilities":[189],"proteomics":[195],"genomics":[197],"applications,":[198],"developing":[199],"decision":[201],"support":[202],"systems":[203],"these":[206],"methods":[207],"can":[213],"prevent":[214],"potential":[215],"errors":[216],"estimation,":[219],"provide":[220],"appropriate":[221],"individualized":[223],"treatments":[224],"cancers.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2017-03-16T00:00:00"}