{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2593870757","doi":null,"title":"Social Media, Civic Engagement and the Slacktivism Hypothesis: Dig Data Lessons from Mexico's 'El Bronco'","display_name":"Social Media, Civic Engagement and the Slacktivism Hypothesis: Dig Data Lessons from Mexico's 'El Bronco'","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-12-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2593870757","mag":"2593870757"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2593870757","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10021324-social-media-civic-engagement-slacktivism-hypothesis-dig-data-lessons-from-mexico-el-bronco","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14378380","display_name":"Journal of international affairs","issn_l":"0022-197X","issn":["0022-197X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316010","host_organization_name":"Columbia University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316010"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Columbia University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of international affairs","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079636968","display_name":"Philip N. Howard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3380-821X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3380-821X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip N. Howard","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085864488","display_name":"Saiph Savage","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9020-8929","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9020-8929"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saiph Savage","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9020-8929","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074587468","display_name":"Claudia Flores-Saviaga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1727-0600","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1727-0600"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudia Flores-Saviaga","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1727-0600","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052527043","display_name":"Carlos Toxtli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9430-2661","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9430-2661","https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9533-0255"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos Toxtli","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9430-2661","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013065278","display_name":"Andr\u00e9s Monroy\u2010Hern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4889-9484","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4889-9484"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9s Monroy\u2010Hern\u00e1ndez","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4889-9484","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2223,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9506548,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"1","first_page":"55","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10953","display_name":"E-Government and Public Services","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13718","display_name":"Media Influence and Politics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citizen-participation","display_name":"citizen participation","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slacktivism","display_name":"slacktivism","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"social media","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-communication","display_name":"political communication","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independent-candidates","display_name":"independent candidates","score":0.4860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-campaigns","display_name":"political campaigns","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facebook","display_name":"Facebook","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-mobilization","display_name":"political mobilization","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-participation","display_name":"political participation","score":0.4350000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.7070482969284058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.7042109966278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90508534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1660049","display_name":"Political communication","level":3,"score":0.5748968720436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777200299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52943","display_name":"Conversation","level":2,"score":0.5529032349586487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5523319840431213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134698397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17946","display_name":"Public opinion","level":3,"score":0.49799418449401855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.4917457401752472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776431611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116870","display_name":"Civic engagement","level":3,"score":0.45130667090415955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.41804343461990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205112559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257735","display_name":"Public engagement","level":2,"score":0.4171631932258606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529147693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193236","display_name":"News media","level":2,"score":0.41245782375335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3865922689437866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2473926544189453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2593870757","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10021324-social-media-civic-engagement-slacktivism-hypothesis-dig-data-lessons-from-mexico-el-bronco","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14378380","display_name":"Journal of international affairs","issn_l":"0022-197X","issn":["0022-197X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316010","host_organization_name":"Columbia University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316010"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Columbia University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of international affairs","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2761321966","https://openalex.org/W4200048526","https://openalex.org/W6989821121","https://openalex.org/W2921998451","https://openalex.org/W2338697142","https://openalex.org/W2798509854","https://openalex.org/W2972151032","https://openalex.org/W658347755","https://openalex.org/W2044967412","https://openalex.org/W3185579049"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Does":[0],"social":[1,22,64,138,214,240,253,318,335,389,400,416,459,493,520,571,602,615,634],"media":[2,23,65,74,139,162,215,254,319,336,371,390,417,460,494,521,572,603,616,635],"use":[3,21,182,388,399,458,604,613],"have":[4,163,407,522,542],"a":[5,145,156,183,297,325,408,448,524],"positive":[6],"or":[7,235,311,396,554,585,601],"negative":[8,619],"impact":[9],"on":[10,112,277,301,317,511,570],"civic":[11,149,180,530,574,606],"engagement?":[12],"The":[13,259,284,609],"cynical":[14],"slacktivism":[593],"hypothesis":[594],"holds":[17],"that":[18,137,262,443,504,598,611,627],"if":[19,599],"citizens":[20],"for":[24,80,176,352,526,621],"political":[25,125,158,170,204,209,237,268,298,309,353,379,480,533,556],"conversation,":[26],"those":[27],"conversations":[28,111],"will":[29],"be":[30,141,346],"fleeting":[31],"and":[32,71,88,105,130,135,179,191,197,203,208,225,269,338,349,361,372,381,391,419,461,474,486,495,532,565,573,640],"vapid.":[33],"Most":[34],"attempts":[35],"to":[36,66,143,193,216,251,280,294,355,362,383,406,434,441,445,484,541,582],"answer":[37],"this":[38,516,539],"question":[39],"involve":[40],"public":[41,70,91,114,152,219,622],"opinion":[42],"data":[43],"from":[44,57,85,558],"the":[45,69,78,113,128,226,242,264,275,305,308,315,334,364,428,502,507,512,536,587,592,596,612,630],"United":[46,513],"States,":[47],"so":[48],"we":[49,100],"offer":[50],"an":[51,54,60,165],"examination":[52],"of":[53,110,117,124,148,168,185,307,341,366,370,413,478,492,506,529,548,563,614,629,649],"important":[55,166],"case":[56],"Mexico,":[58],"where":[59],"independent":[61],"candidate":[62,129,310],"used":[63,142],"communicate":[67],"with":[68,199,223,358,466,488,625,655],"eschewed":[72],"traditional":[73,86],"outlets.":[75],"He":[76],"won":[77],"race":[79],"state":[81],"governor,":[82],"defeating":[83],"candidates":[84,382],"parties":[87,210],"triggering":[89],"sustained":[90],"engagement":[92,531,575,607],"well":[93,154],"beyond":[94,155],"election":[95],"day.":[96],"In":[97,515],"our":[98,476],"investigation,":[99],"analyze":[101,121],"over":[102,107,133,561,633],"750,000-posts,":[103],"comments,":[104],"replies":[106],"three":[108],"years":[109],"Facebook":[115],"page":[116],"El":[118],"Bronco.":[119],"We":[120,590],"how":[122,278,292,302,331,385,433,456,462],"rhythms":[123],"communication":[126],"between":[127],"users":[131],"evolved":[132],"time":[134,350],"demonstrate":[136],"can":[140,344,398],"sustain":[144],"large":[146],"quantity":[147],"exchanges":[150],"about":[151,195,291,455,638,645],"life":[153,623],"particular":[157],"event.":[159],"**********":[160],"Social":[161],"become":[164,523],"part":[167],"modern":[169],"campaigning.":[171],"Campaign":[172],"managers":[173],"mine":[174],"them":[175],"data.":[177],"Citizens":[178],"groups":[181,202,271,354,560],"plethora":[184],"platforms,":[186],"such":[187,550],"as":[188,551,595],"Twitter,":[189],"Facebook,":[190],"reddit,":[192],"talk":[194],"politics":[196,578,646],"engage":[198,487],"civil":[200],"society":[201],"leaders.":[205],"(1)":[206],"Candidates":[207],"are":[211,246,272,321,328,452],"also":[212,498],"using":[213],"manage":[217],"their":[218,256,394,414,421,467],"image":[220],"in":[221,274,296,411,544,576,658],"communications":[222],"journalists":[224],"interested":[227],"public.":[228],"(2)":[229],"While":[230],"many":[231,378],"factors":[232],"affect":[233],"whether":[234],"not":[236,439],"actors":[238],"adopt":[239],"media,":[241],"vast":[243],"majority":[244],"today":[245],"at":[247],"least":[248],"actively":[249],"trying":[250],"integrate":[252],"into":[255],"campaigns.":[257],"(3)":[258],"problem":[260],"is":[261,438,636,644],"despite":[263],"technological":[265],"advancements,":[266],"most":[267,450,505,628],"activist":[270],"still":[273],"dark":[276],"best":[279,483],"mobilize":[281,435,485],"people.":[282],"(4)":[283],"main":[285],"difficulty":[286],"arises":[287],"because":[288],"citizens'":[289],"decisions":[290],"much":[293,386,463],"participate":[295],"cause":[299],"depend":[300],"they":[303,332,387,457,464],"perceive":[304],"efforts":[306,340],"organization.":[312],"(5)":[313],"But":[314],"norms":[316],"platforms":[320],"continually":[322],"shifting.":[323],"As":[324,447],"result,":[326,449],"people":[327,654],"constantly":[329],"changing":[330],"interpret":[333],"content":[337,557,631],"online":[339,468],"others.":[342,446],"It":[343],"thus":[345],"very":[347,453],"difficult":[348],"consuming":[351],"keep":[356],"up":[357],"new":[359],"technology":[360],"predict":[363],"outcomes":[365],"sharing":[367,555],"certain":[368],"types":[369],"content.":[373],"This":[374,471],"complexity":[375],"has":[376,472,497,509,579,617],"forced":[377],"organizations":[380],"limit":[384],"who":[392],"among":[393],"organization":[395],"group":[397],"media.":[401],"(6)":[402],"Politicians":[403],"usually":[404],"prefer":[405],"point":[409,429],"person":[410,430],"charge":[412],"party's":[415],"strategy":[418],"even":[420,426,641],"own":[422],"personal":[423],"accounts.":[424],"However,":[425],"when":[427,642],"finally":[431],"understands":[432],"citizens,":[436],"it":[437,643,647],"easy":[440],"transfer":[442],"knowledge":[444],"politicians":[451],"cautious":[454],"interact":[465],"audiences.":[469],"(7)":[470],"hindered":[473],"limited":[475],"understanding":[477,491],"which":[479],"strategies":[481],"work":[482],"citizens.":[489],"Our":[490],"elections":[496],"been":[499],"bounded":[500],"by":[501,653],"fact":[503],"research":[508,569],"focused":[510],"States.":[514],"relatively":[517],"advanced":[518,537],"democracy,":[519],"tool":[525],"some":[527],"forms":[528,547],"expression.":[534],"Among":[535],"democracies,":[538],"seems":[540],"resulted":[543],"only":[545],"modest":[546],"activism,":[549],"petition":[552],"signing":[553],"affinity":[559],"networks":[562],"family":[564],"friends.":[566],"(8)":[567],"Therefore,":[568],"U.S.":[577],"often":[580],"sought":[581],"test,":[583],"directly":[584],"indirectly,":[586],"hypothesis.":[589],"define":[591],"supposition":[597],"Internet":[600],"increases,":[605],"declines.":[608],"argument":[610],"mostly":[618],"consequences":[620],"begins":[624],"evidence":[626],"shared":[632,652],"rarely":[637],"politics,":[639],"consists":[648],"short":[650,656,659],"messages":[651],"tempers":[657],"conversations.":[660],"\u2026":[661]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2017-03-16T00:00:00"}
