{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2593663748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.276462","title":"IMPACT OF SMALL-SCALE IRRIGATION ON POVERTY IN RURAL MALAWI","display_name":"IMPACT OF SMALL-SCALE IRRIGATION ON POVERTY IN RURAL MALAWI","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2593663748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.276462","mag":"2593663748"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ageconsearch.umn.edu:276462","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/276462","pdf_url":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/276462","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401616","display_name":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120349","host_organization_name":"University of Minnesota Rochester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/276462","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/276462","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005872773","display_name":"Zephania Nyirenda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5688-2271","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5688-2271"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nyirenda, Zephania Bondera","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Nyirenda, Zephania Bondera","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nyirenda, Zephania Bondera","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"4","first_page":"99","last_page":"116"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10367","display_name":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","score":0.8417999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10367","display_name":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","score":0.8417999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11404","display_name":"Irrigation Practices and Water Management","score":0.06289999932050705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11886","display_name":"Agricultural risk and resilience","score":0.015200000256299973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-scale-irrigation","display_name":"small-scale irrigation","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty-reduction","display_name":"poverty reduction","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irrigated-agriculture","display_name":"irrigated agriculture","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-productivity","display_name":"crop productivity","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-income","display_name":"crop income","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-security","display_name":"food security","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-malawi","display_name":"rural Malawi","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irrigation-sustainability","display_name":"irrigation sustainability","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-user-associations","display_name":"water user associations","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-investment","display_name":"agricultural investment","score":0.32499998807907104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C549605437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1229911","display_name":"Food security","level":3,"score":0.7625635862350464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.75130295753479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88862950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453","display_name":"Irrigation","level":2,"score":0.6350622177124023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.6235933303833008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.5738740563392639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.5209808945655823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17923572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7250160","display_name":"Propensity score matching","level":2,"score":0.4564613699913025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.45108872652053833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128383755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3816336","display_name":"Agricultural productivity","level":3,"score":0.4223294258117676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4216502010822296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.37799888849258423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.300457239151001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.2772755026817322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.08031770586967468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06823655962944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ageconsearch.umn.edu:276462","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/276462","pdf_url":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/276462","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401616","display_name":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120349","host_organization_name":"University of Minnesota Rochester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/276462","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:2593663748","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/276462/files/Zephania%20Bondera%20Nyirenda%20MSc.%20Thesis1_UNIMA%5B1894%5D.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764971080","display_name":"Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development","issn_l":"2222-1700","issn":["2222-1700","2222-2855"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320723","host_organization_name":"IISTE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320723"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IISTE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.22004/ag.econ.276462","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.276462","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.276462","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401616","display_name":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120349","host_organization_name":"University of Minnesota Rochester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ageconsearch.umn.edu:276462","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/276462","pdf_url":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/276462","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401616","display_name":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120349","host_organization_name":"University of Minnesota Rochester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/276462","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.991100013256073},{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.7778000235557556},{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.48510000109672546},{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.4399999976158142},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4000000059604645}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2593663748.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2593663748.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504183547","https://openalex.org/W2028756845","https://openalex.org/W2055205883","https://openalex.org/W2060206361"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4318825113","https://openalex.org/W2516124721","https://openalex.org/W1917500452","https://openalex.org/W2779255883","https://openalex.org/W7075750619","https://openalex.org/W2170699367","https://openalex.org/W6926003780","https://openalex.org/W2160254496","https://openalex.org/W4408856355","https://openalex.org/W2946020250"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Frequent":[0],"droughts":[1],"and":[2,5,14,37,79,123,136,171,184,189,233],"dry":[3],"spells,":[4],"the":[6,20,46,62,93,103,111,119,149,161,169,178,192,200],"2002":[7],"food":[8,80,134],"crisis":[9],"in":[10,19,69,98,182,238],"Malawi":[11,44,71],"renewed":[12],"government's":[13],"donors'":[15],"interest":[16],"on":[17,45,49,67,129,146],"irrigation":[18,33,66,84,96,141,166,237],"country.As":[21],"a":[22,27,155],"result,":[23],"there":[24,39,157],"have":[25],"been":[26],"number":[28],"of":[29,64,83,91,95,110,126,180,191,202,212,235],"investments":[30],"to":[31,60,88,163,186,194,220],"spur":[32],"agriculture":[34,97,128],"between":[35],"2006":[36],"2014.However,":[38],"is":[40,151,158],"little":[41],"evidence":[42],"from":[43,208],"national":[47],"scale":[48],"whether":[50],"irrigated":[51,127],"farming":[52],"translates":[53],"into":[54],"poverty":[55,68,137,147],"reduction.This":[56],"study,":[57],"therefore,":[58],"sought":[59,87],"establish":[61,164],"impact":[63,145,150],"small-scale":[65,140,236],"rural":[70,99],"by":[72,225],"examining":[73],"poverty,":[74],"crop":[75,77,130,132],"productivity,":[76,131],"income,":[78,133],"security":[81],"configurations":[82],"impacts.It":[85],"also":[86,198],"find":[89],"ways":[90],"improving":[92],"sustainability":[94,234],"Malawi.The":[100],"study":[101,120,197],"used":[102],"Third":[104],"Integrated":[105],"Household":[106],"Survey":[107],"(IHS3)":[108],"data":[109],"National":[112],"Statistical":[113],"Office":[114],"(NSO).Using":[115],"Propensity":[116],"Score":[117],"Matching,":[118],"found":[121],"positive":[122],"significant":[124,144],"impacts":[125],"security,":[135],"reduction.Even":[138],"though":[139],"has":[142],"statistically":[143],"reduction,":[148],"not":[152],"overwhelmingly":[153],"profound.As":[154],"consequence,":[156],"need":[159],"for":[160],"government":[162],"large-scale":[165],"schemes":[167],"along":[168],"lakes":[170],"big":[172],"rivers.This":[173],"should":[174,215],"be":[175,195,217],"coupled":[176],"with":[177,206],"creation":[179],"infrastructure":[181],"transport":[183],"communication":[185],"aid":[187],"distribution":[188],"marketing":[190],"crops":[193],"produced.The":[196],"encourages":[199],"formation":[201],"village":[203],"water":[204,231],"committees":[205,214],"backstopping":[207],"Water":[209],"Users":[210],"Association.Formation":[211],"these":[213],"progressively":[216],"vii":[218],"extended":[219],"areas":[221],"that":[222],"are":[223],"bound":[224],"trust":[226],"today.This":[227],"would":[228],"ensure":[229],"sustainable":[230],"utilization,":[232],"general.viii":[239]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2017-03-16T00:00:00"}
