{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2593363470","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-017-0315-7","title":"Trial Sequential Analysis in systematic reviews with meta-analysis","display_name":"Trial Sequential Analysis in systematic reviews with meta-analysis","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-03-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2593363470","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-017-0315-7","mag":"2593363470","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28264661","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5397700"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12874-017-0315-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-017-0315-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-017-0315-7","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedresmethodol.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12874-017-0315-7","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185874209","display_name":"BMC Medical Research Methodology","issn_l":"1471-2288","issn":["1471-2288"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Research Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcmedresmethodol.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12874-017-0315-7","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014755004","display_name":"J\u00f8rn Wetterslev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7778-1771","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7778-1771"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802567020","display_name":"Copenhagen University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05bpbnx46","country_code":"DK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802567020"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802709434","display_name":"Rigshospitalet","ror":"https://ror.org/03mchdq19","country_code":"DK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802567020","https://openalex.org/I2802709434","https://openalex.org/I4210145385"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114481","display_name":"Centre for Research in Intensive Care","ror":"https://ror.org/01j6h9w88","country_code":"DK","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114481"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J\u00f8rn Wetterslev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Research in Intensive Care, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. wetterslev@ctu.dk","Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinial Intervention Research, Dpt. 7812, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. wetterslev@ctu.dk","Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinial Intervention Research, Dpt. 7812, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7778-1771","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Research in Intensive Care, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. wetterslev@ctu.dk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802567020","https://openalex.org/I2802709434","https://openalex.org/I4210114481"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinial Intervention Research, Dpt. 7812, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. wetterslev@ctu.dk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802567020","https://openalex.org/I2802709434"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinial Intervention Research, Dpt. 7812, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802567020","https://openalex.org/I2802709434"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024824441","display_name":"Janus Christian Jakobsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3642-2120","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3642-2120"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802567020","display_name":"Copenhagen University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05bpbnx46","country_code":"DK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802567020"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802709434","display_name":"Rigshospitalet","ror":"https://ror.org/03mchdq19","country_code":"DK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802567020","https://openalex.org/I2802709434","https://openalex.org/I4210145385"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114481","display_name":"Centre for Research in Intensive Care","ror":"https://ror.org/01j6h9w88","country_code":"DK","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114481"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139775","display_name":"Cochrane","ror":"https://ror.org/048ztsn21","country_code":"DK","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139775"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144233","display_name":"Holb\u00e6k Sygehus","ror":"https://ror.org/04cf4ba49","country_code":"DK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799668677","https://openalex.org/I2802567020","https://openalex.org/I4210144233"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janus Christian Jakobsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Research in Intensive Care, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark","Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinial Intervention Research, Dpt. 7812, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark","Department of Cardiology, Holb\u00e6k Hospital, DK-4300, Holb\u00e6k, Denmark","The Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group, Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinial Intervention Research, Dpt. 7812, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Research in Intensive Care, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802567020","https://openalex.org/I2802709434","https://openalex.org/I4210114481"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinial Intervention Research, Dpt. 7812, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802567020","https://openalex.org/I2802709434"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiology, Holb\u00e6k Hospital, DK-4300, Holb\u00e6k, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144233"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group, Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinial Intervention Research, Dpt. 7812, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802567020","https://openalex.org/I2802709434","https://openalex.org/I4210139775"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019275846","display_name":"Christian Nyfeldt Gluud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8861-0799","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8861-0799"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802567020","display_name":"Copenhagen University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05bpbnx46","country_code":"DK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802567020"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802709434","display_name":"Rigshospitalet","ror":"https://ror.org/03mchdq19","country_code":"DK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802567020","https://openalex.org/I2802709434","https://openalex.org/I4210145385"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139775","display_name":"Cochrane","ror":"https://ror.org/048ztsn21","country_code":"DK","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139775"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Gluud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinial Intervention Research, Dpt. 7812, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark","The Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group, Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinial Intervention Research, Dpt. 7812, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinial Intervention Research, Dpt. 7812, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802567020","https://openalex.org/I2802709434"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group, Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinial Intervention Research, Dpt. 7812, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802567020","https://openalex.org/I2802709434","https://openalex.org/I4210139775"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014755004"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802567020","https://openalex.org/I2802709434","https://openalex.org/I4210114481"],"apc_list":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"fwci":15.1711,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1240,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99608611,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":"39","last_page":"39"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10206","display_name":"Meta-analysis and systematic reviews","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10206","display_name":"Meta-analysis and systematic reviews","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.006800000090152025,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14374","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Epidemiology","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trial-sequential-analysis","display_name":"trial sequential analysis","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meta-analysis","display_name":"meta-analysis","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/required-information-size","display_name":"required information size","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-heterogeneity","display_name":"statistical heterogeneity","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-i-error-control","display_name":"type I error control","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/significance-threshold","display_name":"significance threshold","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-power","display_name":"statistical power","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-results","display_name":"false positives","score":0.4490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomized-controlled-trials","display_name":"randomized controlled trials","score":0.6840000152587891}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.7983517646789551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129848803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2564360","display_name":"Sample size determination","level":2,"score":0.7338294386863708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40696583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989120","display_name":"Type I and type II errors","level":2,"score":0.61811363697052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96608239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199823","display_name":"Statistical power","level":2,"score":0.6047641634941101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.5850369930267334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.5738351345062256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61943457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6046661","display_name":"Interim analysis","level":3,"score":0.48417383432388306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.47608888149261475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.44046103954315186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4394069314002991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119423318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7628405","display_name":"Study heterogeneity","level":3,"score":0.42592093348503113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.4192192554473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3687528073787689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21743518114089966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.12399342656135559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015201","descriptor_name":"Meta-Analysis as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016032","descriptor_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018401","descriptor_name":"Sample Size","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12874-017-0315-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-017-0315-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-017-0315-7","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedresmethodol.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12874-017-0315-7","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185874209","display_name":"BMC Medical Research Methodology","issn_l":"1471-2288","issn":["1471-2288"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Research Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28264661","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28264661","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medical research methodology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5397700","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5397700/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Med Res Methodol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:07fdcd464d0049c4b3369f9640b1c2b5","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/07fdcd464d0049c4b3369f9640b1c2b5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Research Methodology, Vol 17, Iss 1, Pp 1-18 (2017)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12874-017-0315-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-017-0315-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-017-0315-7","pdf_url":"https://bmcmedresmethodol.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12874-017-0315-7","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185874209","display_name":"BMC Medical Research Methodology","issn_l":"1471-2288","issn":["1471-2288"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medical Research Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.428600013256073,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2593363470.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2593363470.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":85,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W71228264","https://openalex.org/W590372522","https://openalex.org/W1479881385","https://openalex.org/W1480884888","https://openalex.org/W1490034719","https://openalex.org/W1534959782","https://openalex.org/W1571725767","https://openalex.org/W1714980748","https://openalex.org/W1874891892","https://openalex.org/W1964502734","https://openalex.org/W1970588407","https://openalex.org/W1971441597","https://openalex.org/W1990639292","https://openalex.org/W1993690981","https://openalex.org/W1996470340","https://openalex.org/W1998463172","https://openalex.org/W1999214561","https://openalex.org/W2002600726","https://openalex.org/W2004108172","https://openalex.org/W2012041931","https://openalex.org/W2013256551","https://openalex.org/W2015824469","https://openalex.org/W2019968234","https://openalex.org/W2023485585","https://openalex.org/W2029163232","https://openalex.org/W2049852456","https://openalex.org/W2055469806","https://openalex.org/W2055502243","https://openalex.org/W2055660582","https://openalex.org/W2059707463","https://openalex.org/W2060512257","https://openalex.org/W2061554433","https://openalex.org/W2065177605","https://openalex.org/W2067661817","https://openalex.org/W2072380646","https://openalex.org/W2075496146","https://openalex.org/W2076875785","https://openalex.org/W2085878321","https://openalex.org/W2093579479","https://openalex.org/W2097687553","https://openalex.org/W2099779318","https://openalex.org/W2102696978","https://openalex.org/W2104634108","https://openalex.org/W2105125840","https://openalex.org/W2107328434","https://openalex.org/W2108116635","https://openalex.org/W2110970000","https://openalex.org/W2113441506","https://openalex.org/W2117294447","https://openalex.org/W2119190259","https://openalex.org/W2126930838","https://openalex.org/W2127151679","https://openalex.org/W2130514535","https://openalex.org/W2131701504","https://openalex.org/W2132907803","https://openalex.org/W2133774931","https://openalex.org/W2137179575","https://openalex.org/W2138188443","https://openalex.org/W2141167900","https://openalex.org/W2142917088","https://openalex.org/W2144460780","https://openalex.org/W2144981148","https://openalex.org/W2154561719","https://openalex.org/W2167130223","https://openalex.org/W2167770337","https://openalex.org/W2171310196","https://openalex.org/W2171853361","https://openalex.org/W2171886225","https://openalex.org/W2182345792","https://openalex.org/W2320596695","https://openalex.org/W2321418212","https://openalex.org/W2331384579","https://openalex.org/W2345595828","https://openalex.org/W2405858985","https://openalex.org/W2428460729","https://openalex.org/W2438097307","https://openalex.org/W2479717569","https://openalex.org/W2514621555","https://openalex.org/W2598936606","https://openalex.org/W2735103047","https://openalex.org/W3081500081","https://openalex.org/W4211062734","https://openalex.org/W4230704549","https://openalex.org/W4297918764","https://openalex.org/W4300811467"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2049852456","https://openalex.org/W2113441506","https://openalex.org/W2110970000","https://openalex.org/W2944902556","https://openalex.org/W2009314087","https://openalex.org/W4404960527","https://openalex.org/W4390538425","https://openalex.org/W2138188443","https://openalex.org/W6908637031","https://openalex.org/W2936709134"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"meta-analyses":[1,47,260,280],"in":[2,78,137,156,219,275],"systematic":[3,276],"reviews,":[4],"including":[5],"Cochrane":[6],"ones,":[7],"do":[8],"not":[9,147,187],"have":[10,186,291],"sufficient":[11],"statistical":[12,65,94,168,271],"power":[13],"to":[14,28,56,99,132,197,248],"detect":[15],"or":[16,91],"refute":[17],"even":[18],"large":[19],"intervention":[20],"effects.":[21],"This":[22],"is":[23],"why":[24],"a":[25,39,79,119,194,220],"meta-analysis":[26,80,123,185,221,241,339],"ought":[27],"be":[29,282],"regarded":[30],"as":[31],"an":[32],"interim":[33],"analysis":[34,319],"on":[35,130],"its":[36],"way":[37],"towards":[38],"required":[40,59,143,173,181,209,217,251],"information":[41,61,174,210,245,252],"size.":[42,253],"The":[43,150],"results":[44],"of":[45,53,70,76,85,180,216,229,240,301,306,320,329],"the":[46,50,57,68,73,83,86,92,142,171,177,184,208,213,223,233,243,250,294,311,337],"should":[48],"relate":[49],"total":[51],"number":[52,69,75,179,215],"randomised":[54,138],"participants":[55,71],"estimated":[58],"meta-analytic":[60,321],"size":[62,145,175,211,246],"accounting":[63],"for":[64,121,135,167,183,235,270],"diversity.":[66],"When":[67],"and":[72,108,164,176,202,212,222,267,305,326,332],"corresponding":[74,178,214],"trials":[77,140,182,218],"are":[81],"insufficient,":[82],"use":[84],"traditional":[87,259,279,312,338],"95%":[88,264],"confidence":[89,162,265,343],"interval":[90],"5%":[93,268],"significance":[95,136,169],"threshold":[96],"will":[97],"lead":[98],"too":[100,109],"many":[101,110],"false":[102,111],"positive":[103],"conclusions":[104,113,274],"(type":[105,114],"I":[106,201,303,331],"errors)":[107],"negative":[112],"II":[115,204,308,334],"errors).":[116],"We":[117,206,231,254],"developed":[118],"methodology":[120],"interpreting":[122],"results,":[124],"using":[125,236,261,284,340],"generally":[126],"accepted,":[127],"valid":[128],"evidence":[129],"how":[131],"adjust":[133],"thresholds":[134,166,269],"clinical":[139],"when":[141,170,242],"sample":[144],"has":[146],"been":[148,188],"reached.":[149,189],"Lan-DeMets":[151],"trial":[152],"sequential":[153],"monitoring":[154],"boundaries":[155],"Trial":[157,190,237,285,295,315],"Sequential":[158,191,238,286,296,316],"Analysis":[159,192,239,297,317],"offer":[160],"adjusted":[161],"intervals":[163,266],"restricted":[165],"diversity-adjusted":[172],"provides":[193,298],"frequentistic":[195],"approach":[196],"control":[198,300,328],"both":[199],"type":[200,203,302,307,330,333],"errors.":[205],"define":[207],"diversity":[224],"(D":[225],"2":[226],")":[227],"measure":[228],"heterogeneity.":[230],"explain":[232],"reasons":[234],"actual":[244],"fails":[247],"reach":[249],"present":[255],"examples":[256],"drawn":[257],"from":[258],"unadjusted":[262,342],"na\u00efve":[263,313,341],"significance.":[272],"Spurious":[273],"reviews":[277],"with":[278,323],"can":[281],"reduced":[283],"Analysis.":[287],"Several":[288],"empirical":[289],"studies":[290],"demonstrated":[292],"that":[293],"better":[299,327],"errors":[304,309,335],"than":[310,336],"meta-analysis.":[314],"represents":[318],"data,":[322],"transparent":[324],"assumptions,":[325],"intervals.":[344]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":163},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":143},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":182},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":146},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":149},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":139},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":112},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":92},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":76},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2017-03-16T00:00:00"}
