{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2593085379","doi":null,"title":"The effects of cattle exclusion on stream structure and function","display_name":"The effects of cattle exclusion on stream structure and function","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-07-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2593085379","mag":"2593085379"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/34642","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34642","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34642","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400248","display_name":"VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","host_organization_name":"Virginia Tech","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34642","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054787582","display_name":"April Heather Hughes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"April Heather Hughes","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054787582"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10669","display_name":"Freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity and ecology","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10669","display_name":"Freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity and ecology","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11311","display_name":"Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics","score":0.007300000172108412,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10577","display_name":"Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes","score":0.003700000001117587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cattle-exclusion","display_name":"cattle exclusion","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/riparian-zones","display_name":"riparian zones","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conservation-reserve-enhancement-program","display_name":"Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-streams","display_name":"agricultural streams","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-processing","display_name":"leaf processing","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-breakdown","display_name":"leaf breakdown","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sediment-supply","display_name":"sediment supply","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutrient-loading","display_name":"nutrient loading","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stream-restoration","display_name":"stream restoration","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-integrity","display_name":"functional integrity","score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-compaction","display_name":"soil compaction","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reforestation","display_name":"reforestation","score":0.5979999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.46774962544441223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.24313244223594666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.15767544507980347}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/34642","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34642","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34642","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400248","display_name":"VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","host_organization_name":"Virginia Tech","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:2593085379","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/34642","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/34642","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34642","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34642","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400248","display_name":"VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","host_organization_name":"Virginia Tech","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life on land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6337657966","display_name":"LTER: Consequences of Land Use Change in the Southern Appalachian Mountains","funder_award_id":"0218001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2593085379.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2593085379.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59689390","https://openalex.org/W1519638452","https://openalex.org/W1554762289","https://openalex.org/W1585692074","https://openalex.org/W1603173873","https://openalex.org/W1964294498","https://openalex.org/W1972994356","https://openalex.org/W1973405402","https://openalex.org/W1975082782","https://openalex.org/W1980116195","https://openalex.org/W1981039431","https://openalex.org/W1982812088","https://openalex.org/W1986889036","https://openalex.org/W1988088255","https://openalex.org/W2006497291","https://openalex.org/W2014452120","https://openalex.org/W2017089959","https://openalex.org/W2018225250","https://openalex.org/W2025292761","https://openalex.org/W2025597047","https://openalex.org/W2027010411","https://openalex.org/W2035020924","https://openalex.org/W2035119701","https://openalex.org/W2048710738","https://openalex.org/W2050972649","https://openalex.org/W2053380801","https://openalex.org/W2056332531","https://openalex.org/W2058745938","https://openalex.org/W2065337963","https://openalex.org/W2067198450","https://openalex.org/W2074001497","https://openalex.org/W2078127083","https://openalex.org/W2078549387","https://openalex.org/W2087457798","https://openalex.org/W2098430097","https://openalex.org/W2100072052","https://openalex.org/W2101337062","https://openalex.org/W2110029388","https://openalex.org/W2110295930","https://openalex.org/W2116094628","https://openalex.org/W2116544104","https://openalex.org/W2118301067","https://openalex.org/W2120605210","https://openalex.org/W2133564104","https://openalex.org/W2138764013","https://openalex.org/W2141334640","https://openalex.org/W2144255787","https://openalex.org/W2147740783","https://openalex.org/W2149611477","https://openalex.org/W2152704587","https://openalex.org/W2157081715","https://openalex.org/W2157527216","https://openalex.org/W2157993024","https://openalex.org/W2158852904","https://openalex.org/W2165983321","https://openalex.org/W2166129916","https://openalex.org/W2169973038","https://openalex.org/W2170475678","https://openalex.org/W2176204370","https://openalex.org/W2177267284","https://openalex.org/W2178218172","https://openalex.org/W2179397734","https://openalex.org/W2322923090","https://openalex.org/W2332007872","https://openalex.org/W2503610380","https://openalex.org/W2509457305","https://openalex.org/W2573980373","https://openalex.org/W2895932464","https://openalex.org/W2908296668","https://openalex.org/W3217199201"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2280673077","https://openalex.org/W1569952786","https://openalex.org/W4323042893","https://openalex.org/W4388462456","https://openalex.org/W176190222","https://openalex.org/W2592661221","https://openalex.org/W2600782167","https://openalex.org/W2060269988","https://openalex.org/W2288573607","https://openalex.org/W7125433121"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Stream":[0],"ecosystems":[1],"can":[2],"be":[3,102,116,215],"influenced":[4,117],"by":[5,118,142],"cattle":[6,48,80,120,150,166,207],"grazing":[7],"in":[8,113,128,204],"the":[9,35,96,122,173],"riparian":[10,52,123,197,212],"zone":[11,124],"due":[12,125,171],"to":[13,23,46,74,87,94,101,126,154,163,172,206,217,221],"sediment":[14,131,178],"input,":[15],"nutrient":[16,129],"loading,":[17],"and":[18,27,51,59,78,90,135,190],"soil":[19],"compaction,":[20],"which":[21],"lead":[22],"alterations":[24],"of":[25,176,210],"macroinvertebrate":[26],"microbial":[28,136],"activity.":[29,137],"Recently":[30],"government":[31],"programs,":[32],"such":[33],"as":[34],"Conservation":[36],"Reserve":[37],"Enhancement":[38],"Program":[39],"(CREP),":[40],"have":[41],"provided":[42],"funding":[43],"for":[44,55,63,69,99,152],"farmers":[45],"exclude":[47],"from":[49,121],"streams":[50,114],"zones.":[53],"Funding":[54],"CREP":[56,77],"is":[57],"limited":[58],"does":[60],"not":[61,160],"allow":[62],"post":[64],"exclusion":[65,81],"assessment.":[66],"The":[67],"objectives":[68],"this":[70,140],"study":[71,201],"were;":[72],"1)":[73],"explore":[75],"whether":[76],"other":[79],"initiatives":[82],"help":[83],"restore":[84,218],"functional":[85,219],"integrity":[86,100,220],"streams;":[88],"2)":[89],"if":[91],"they":[92],"do,":[93],"evaluate":[95],"time":[97,164],"required":[98],"restored.":[103],"I":[104,138],"predicted":[105],"leaf":[106,144,182],"processing":[107,145],"(a":[108],"fundamental":[109],"ecosystem":[110],"level":[111],"function)":[112],"would":[115],"excluding":[119],"changes":[127],"availability,":[130],"abundance,":[132],"shredding":[133],"macroinvertebrates,":[134],"tested":[139],"prediction":[141],"measuring":[143],"at":[146,184],"sites":[147],"that":[148,203],"had":[149],"excluded":[151],"<1":[153],"15":[155],"years.":[156],"Breakdown":[157],"rates":[158],"did":[159],"correspond":[161],"linearly":[162],"since":[165],"exclusion.":[167],"This":[168,200],"was":[169],"probably":[170],"opposing":[174],"effects":[175],"elevated":[177],"versus":[179],"nutrients":[180],"on":[181],"breakdown":[183,189],"recently":[185],"grazed":[186],"sites.":[187],"Leaf":[188],"shredder":[191],"density":[192],"were":[193],"strongly":[194],"correlated":[195],"with":[196],"vegetation":[198,213],"density.":[199],"suggests":[202],"addition":[205],"exclusion,":[208],"reforestation":[209],"woody":[211],"may":[214],"essential":[216],"agricultural":[222],"streams.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2017-03-16T00:00:00"}
