{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2593049394","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0001732","title":"Reliability-Based Design Snow Loads. II: Reliability Assessment and Mapping Procedures","display_name":"Reliability-Based Design Snow Loads. II: Reliability Assessment and Mapping Procedures","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-03-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2593049394","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0001732","mag":"2593049394"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0001732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0001732","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0001732","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93312259","display_name":"Journal of Structural Engineering","issn_l":"0733-9445","issn":["0733-9445","1943-541X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Structural Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007192328","display_name":"Abbie B. Liel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9241-5144","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9241-5144"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802236040","display_name":"University of Colorado System","ror":"https://ror.org/00jc20583","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802236040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abbie B. Liel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309","Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309. E-mail:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I2802236040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309. E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I2802236040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052449288","display_name":"D. Jared DeBock","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36053171","display_name":"California State University, Chico","ror":"https://ror.org/027bzz146","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36053171"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D. Jared DeBock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, California State Univ., Chico, CA 95929 (corresponding author)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, California State Univ., Chico, CA 95929 (corresponding author)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36053171"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108189207","display_name":"James R. Harris","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James R. Harris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Principal, J. R. Harris and Company, 1775 Sherman St. #2000, Denver, CO 80203"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Principal, J. R. Harris and Company, 1775 Sherman St. #2000, Denver, CO 80203","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061220680","display_name":"Bruce R. Ellingwood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7400-3656","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7400-3656"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruce R. Ellingwood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO 80523"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO 80523","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005305983","display_name":"Jeannette M. Torrents","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeannette M. Torrents","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associate, JVA, Incorporated, 1319 Spruce St., Boulder, CO 80302","Associate, JVA, Incorporated, 1319 Spruce St., Boulder, CO 80302. E-mail:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate, JVA, Incorporated, 1319 Spruce St., Boulder, CO 80302","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate, JVA, Incorporated, 1319 Spruce St., Boulder, CO 80302. E-mail:","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052449288"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36053171"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9847,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77286195,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"143","issue":"7","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10928","display_name":"Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design","score":0.9014000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10928","display_name":"Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design","score":0.9014000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11046","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Analysis","score":0.027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10160","display_name":"Seismic Performance and Analysis","score":0.007799999788403511,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow-load","display_name":"snow load","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-based-design","display_name":"reliability-based design","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/roof-snow-load","display_name":"roof snow load","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/target-reliability-index","display_name":"target reliability index","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asce-7","display_name":"ASCE 7","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/50-year-return-period","display_name":"50-year return period","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coefficient-of-variation","display_name":"coefficient of variation","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-smoothing","display_name":"spatial smoothing","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colorado","display_name":"Colorado","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/building-design","display_name":"building design","score":0.6129999756813049}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.7662265300750732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776748203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83180","display_name":"Roof","level":2,"score":0.7158234119415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.6737509965896606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5852138996124268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6350597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339495","display_name":"Altitude (triangle)","level":2,"score":0.44557642936706543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.4265616238117218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75007070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2627230","display_name":"Return period","level":3,"score":0.42211514711380005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3770464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963","display_name":"Smoothing","level":2,"score":0.4104096293449402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.36426860094070435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.34780704975128174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.32303255796432495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2835819721221924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12664544582366943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10502716898918152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74256435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134052","display_name":"Flood myth","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0001732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0001732","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0001732","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93312259","display_name":"Journal of Structural Engineering","issn_l":"0733-9445","issn":["0733-9445","1943-541X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Structural Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5142999887466431}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59838655","https://openalex.org/W103775080","https://openalex.org/W921057592","https://openalex.org/W1516558149","https://openalex.org/W1595100268","https://openalex.org/W1985736441","https://openalex.org/W1991183224","https://openalex.org/W1993410883","https://openalex.org/W2002996049","https://openalex.org/W2003069619","https://openalex.org/W2010173537","https://openalex.org/W2020936205","https://openalex.org/W2036558546","https://openalex.org/W2053075965","https://openalex.org/W2060169241","https://openalex.org/W2060659414","https://openalex.org/W2063907959","https://openalex.org/W2070265869","https://openalex.org/W2085275239","https://openalex.org/W2112251035","https://openalex.org/W2112960210","https://openalex.org/W2137117494","https://openalex.org/W2137424239","https://openalex.org/W2164446644","https://openalex.org/W2187011863","https://openalex.org/W2222715091","https://openalex.org/W2592981855","https://openalex.org/W4210906486","https://openalex.org/W4254982280","https://openalex.org/W4292691288"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2297650971","https://openalex.org/W2592981855","https://openalex.org/W4387832857","https://openalex.org/W4413933183","https://openalex.org/W2137758916","https://openalex.org/W2754208413","https://openalex.org/W4223993627","https://openalex.org/W3135503789","https://openalex.org/W3134814652","https://openalex.org/W1993410883"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,123],"describes":[2],"the":[3,45,50,74,88,104,119,131,138],"development":[4],"of":[5,48,101,133,151],"reliability-targeted":[6,51],"ground":[7,63,152],"snow":[8,64,107,126,146,153],"load":[9,78,108],"maps":[10],"for":[11,84,137,143],"use":[12],"in":[13,37,103],"building":[14],"(roof)":[15],"design.":[16],"The":[17,122],"proposed":[18],"procedures":[19,129,160],"aim":[20],"to":[21,32,44,56,68],"ensure":[22],"that":[23,55,79,95],"structures":[24],"designed":[25],"achieve":[26,57],"a":[27,134,149],"target":[28,59],"safety":[29],"index,":[30,61],"taken":[31],"be":[33,69],"3.0":[34],"as":[35,148],"defined":[36],"ASCE":[38,80],"7":[39,81],"(ASCE":[40],"2010).":[41],"When":[42],"applied":[43],"U.S.":[46],"state":[47],"Colorado,":[49,110],"mapping":[52,159],"procedure":[53],"shows":[54],"this":[58],"reliability":[60,127],"design":[62,115],"loads":[65,116,147],"may":[66],"need":[67,114],"larger":[70,99,117],"or":[71],"smaller":[72],"than":[73,118],"50-year":[75,120],"return":[76],"period":[77],"currently":[82],"stipulates":[83],"design,":[85],"depending":[86],"on":[87],"site":[89],"and":[90,157],"winter":[91],"climate":[92],"conditions":[93],"at":[94],"site.":[96],"Sites":[97],"with":[98],"coefficients":[100],"variation":[102],"annual":[105],"maximum":[106],"(in":[109],"lower-altitude":[111],"sites)":[112],"generally":[113],"values.":[121],"also":[124],"advances":[125],"assessment":[128],"through":[130],"proposal":[132],"new":[135],"model":[136],"ground-to-roof":[139],"conversion":[140],"factor":[141],"needed":[142],"quantifying":[144],"roof":[145],"function":[150],"loads.":[154],"Spatial":[155],"smoothing":[156],"altitude-dependent":[158],"are":[161],"described.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2017-03-16T00:00:00"}
