{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2592588044","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12247","title":"Cognitive decline and slower reaction time in elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment","display_name":"Cognitive decline and slower reaction time in elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-03-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2592588044","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12247","mag":"2592588044","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28261945"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/psyg.12247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12247","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12247","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132103600","display_name":"Psychogeriatrics","issn_l":"1346-3500","issn":["1346-3500","1479-8301"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","medline","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychogeriatrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100992113","display_name":"Ko\u2010Chia Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148099254","display_name":"National Chung Cheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/0028v3876","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405279312","display_name":"Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/019t5b256","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405279312"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ko\u2010Chia Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Psychology Center, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan","Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Psychology Center, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405279312"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049516018","display_name":"Chia\u2010Ying Weng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3388-6410","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3388-6410"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148099254","display_name":"National Chung Cheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/0028v3876","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chia\u2010Ying Weng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111675408","display_name":"Sigmund Hsiao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148099254","display_name":"National Chung Cheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/0028v3876","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sigmund Hsiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113714352","display_name":"Wen\u2010Long Tsao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142462","display_name":"Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/04rbvc675","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142462"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405279312","display_name":"Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/019t5b256","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405279312"]}],"countries":["TW","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen\u2010Long Tsao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dementia Center, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan","Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dementia Center, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405279312"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142462","https://openalex.org/I4405279312"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027506272","display_name":"Malcolm Koo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9242-9167","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9242-9167"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405279312","display_name":"Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/019t5b256","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405279312"]}],"countries":["CA","TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Malcolm Koo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada","Department of Medical Research, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Research, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405279312"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027506272"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750","https://openalex.org/I4405279312"],"apc_list":{"value":3750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3750},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0315,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74538888,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"6","first_page":"364","last_page":"370"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13471","display_name":"Cognitive Functions and Memory","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mild-cognitive-impairment","display_name":"mild cognitive impairment","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alzheimer-s-disease","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reaction-time","display_name":"reaction time","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-decline","display_name":"cognitive decline","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple-reaction-time","display_name":"simple reaction time","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-speed","display_name":"cognitive speed","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-adults","display_name":"older adults","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taiwanese-older-adults","display_name":"Taiwanese older adults","score":0.6039999723434448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.6797853708267212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984863031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Cognitive decline","level":4,"score":0.5739491581916809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984915365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141203","display_name":"Cognitive impairment","level":3,"score":0.5294667482376099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4654814600944519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185711340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5347381","display_name":"Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance","level":3,"score":0.4540071189403534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.44995927810668945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.42165881395339966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.4125666618347168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.38282057642936707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779483572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Dementia","level":3,"score":0.3575228452682495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.3302009701728821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.23002150654792786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.14090022444725037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009048","descriptor_name":"Motor Skills","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009483","descriptor_name":"Neuropsychological Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011597","descriptor_name":"Psychomotor Performance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013624","descriptor_name":"Taiwan","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013647","descriptor_name":"Task Performance and Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016022","descriptor_name":"Case-Control Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060825","descriptor_name":"Cognitive Dysfunction","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060825","descriptor_name":"Cognitive Dysfunction","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060825","descriptor_name":"Cognitive Dysfunction","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/psyg.12247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12247","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12247","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132103600","display_name":"Psychogeriatrics","issn_l":"1346-3500","issn":["1346-3500","1479-8301"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","medline","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychogeriatrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28261945","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28261945","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychogeriatrics : the official journal of the Japanese Psychogeriatric Society","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9476000070571899,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W103331225","https://openalex.org/W1481804282","https://openalex.org/W1847168837","https://openalex.org/W1966649719","https://openalex.org/W1970567308","https://openalex.org/W1978417591","https://openalex.org/W1980064741","https://openalex.org/W1985286953","https://openalex.org/W1991952617","https://openalex.org/W1998877458","https://openalex.org/W2002159622","https://openalex.org/W2017159332","https://openalex.org/W2027188977","https://openalex.org/W2032698104","https://openalex.org/W2035829128","https://openalex.org/W2039384035","https://openalex.org/W2043743433","https://openalex.org/W2044311153","https://openalex.org/W2044874272","https://openalex.org/W2047487074","https://openalex.org/W2058317558","https://openalex.org/W2068136564","https://openalex.org/W2068258349","https://openalex.org/W2081694037","https://openalex.org/W2091613095","https://openalex.org/W2094316378","https://openalex.org/W2099199655","https://openalex.org/W2100524083","https://openalex.org/W2114961284","https://openalex.org/W2116698967","https://openalex.org/W2120710153","https://openalex.org/W2121772759","https://openalex.org/W2134858198","https://openalex.org/W2149450071","https://openalex.org/W2163630448","https://openalex.org/W2164338005","https://openalex.org/W2164698391","https://openalex.org/W2313784025","https://openalex.org/W2377372398","https://openalex.org/W4390760865","https://openalex.org/W6662021636"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2970085532","https://openalex.org/W4312087088","https://openalex.org/W4412583588","https://openalex.org/W3005210351","https://openalex.org/W3127220138","https://openalex.org/W2145819129","https://openalex.org/W2274424338","https://openalex.org/W4402314239","https://openalex.org/W2980321683","https://openalex.org/W2129998663"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"AIM:":[0],"The":[1,22,95,230,272],"relationship":[2],"between":[3,33,211,249],"declining":[4,14],"performance,":[5],"as":[6,282],"measured":[7],"by":[8],"changes":[9],"in":[10,42,77,203,255,262,268,288,292],"reaction":[11,34,114,121,231],"time,":[12],"and":[13,39,61,118,143,159,170,191,207,216,251],"cognitive":[15,40,55,96,130,286],"function":[16],"has":[17],"not":[18],"been":[19],"critically":[20],"studied.":[21],"aim":[23],"of":[24,73,98,172,185,196,233],"the":[25,31,70,93,99,105,146,163,183,197,212,217,242],"present":[26],"study":[27,100],"was":[28,102,136,150,238,253,266],"to":[29,127,138,153,181],"investigate":[30],"association":[32,184],"time":[35,115,122,232],"during":[36],"a":[37,74,119,263,283],"task":[38,117,124,265,274],"ability":[41],"elderly":[43,289],"Taiwanese":[44],"individuals.":[45],"METHODS:":[46],"Patients":[47],"aged":[48,85],"65":[49,86],"years":[50,87,171],"or":[51,88,223,228],"older":[52,89],"with":[53,166,188,222,235,257,270,294],"mild":[54],"impairment":[56],"(MCI)":[57],"(n":[58,64],"=":[59,65],"33)":[60],"Alzheimer's":[62,213,236],"disease":[63,214,237],"26)":[66],"were":[67,90,125,179,209],"recruited":[68,91],"from":[69,92],"neurology":[71],"clinic":[72],"regional":[75],"hospital":[76],"southern":[78],"Taiwan.":[79],"In":[80],"addition,":[81],"28":[82],"healthy":[83],"controls":[84],"community.":[94],"performance":[97,261],"participants":[101],"assessed":[103],"using":[104],"Cognitive":[106],"Abilities":[107],"Screening":[108],"Instrument":[109],"(CASI).":[110],"A":[111,132],"computer-administered":[112],"simple":[113],"(SRT)":[116],"flanker":[120],"(FRT)":[123],"administered":[126],"assess":[128,182],"participants'":[129],"function.":[131],"non-parametric":[133],"Kruskal-Wallis":[134],"test":[135],"performed":[137],"compare":[139,154],"CASI":[140,155,186,204,250],"scores,":[141,156,205],"SRT,":[142,158,190,206],"FRT":[144,161,193,208,252,273],"among":[145,162],"three":[147,164,198],"groups.":[148,199,245],"anova":[149],"also":[151],"used":[152,180],"inverse-transformed":[157,160,189,192],"groups,":[165,220],"adjustment":[167,225],"for":[168,226,279,285],"age":[169,227],"education.":[173,229],"Additionally,":[174],"Pearson's":[175],"partial":[176],"correlation":[177,248],"coefficients":[178],"scores":[187],"within":[194],"each":[195],"RESULTS:":[200],"Significant":[201],"differences":[202],"found":[210,254],"group":[215],"other":[218,243],"two":[219,244],"either":[221],"without":[224],"patients":[234,256,269],"significantly":[239],"slower":[240],"than":[241],"Moreover,":[246],"significant":[247],"MCI.":[258,271,295],"CONCLUSION:":[259],"Altered":[260],"speed":[264],"observed":[267],"should":[275],"further":[276],"be":[277],"explored":[278],"its":[280],"role":[281],"marker":[284],"decline":[287],"individuals,":[290],"particularly":[291],"those":[293]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2017-03-16T00:00:00"}