{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2592541109","doi":null,"title":"Modulation of Alphaviruses by Small RNAs","display_name":"Modulation of Alphaviruses by Small RNAs","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2592541109","mag":"2592541109"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/39328","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09122011-155411/","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39328","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400248","display_name":"VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","host_organization_name":"Virginia Tech","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dissertation"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39328","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025138373","display_name":"Elaine M. Morazzani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elaine M. Morazzani","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025138373"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10166","display_name":"Mosquito-borne diseases and control","score":0.8115000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10166","display_name":"Mosquito-borne diseases and control","score":0.8115000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11403","display_name":"Invertebrate Immune Response Mechanisms","score":0.08869999647140503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11668","display_name":"interferon and immune responses","score":0.013500000350177288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alphavirus","display_name":"alphavirus","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mosquito-borne-viruses","display_name":"mosquito-borne viruses","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-rna","display_name":"small RNA","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rna-silencing","display_name":"RNA silencing","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sirna","display_name":"siRNA","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piwi-interacting-rnas","display_name":"piRNA","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chikungunya-virus","display_name":"chikungunya virus","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virus-derived-small-rnas","display_name":"virus-derived small RNAs","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rna-induced-silencing-complex","display_name":"RNA-induced silencing complex","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dicer","display_name":"Dicer","score":0.5899999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.535319983959198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.4966736435890198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4762535095214844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.4422807991504669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1894853711128235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/39328","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09122011-155411/","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39328","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400248","display_name":"VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","host_organization_name":"Virginia Tech","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dissertation"},{"id":"mag:2592541109","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/39328","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/39328","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09122011-155411/","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39328","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400248","display_name":"VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","host_organization_name":"Virginia Tech","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dissertation"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5683000087738037,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2592541109.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2592541109.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":162,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W144423133","https://openalex.org/W1487555429","https://openalex.org/W1505752989","https://openalex.org/W1515426697","https://openalex.org/W1555271774","https://openalex.org/W1611419331","https://openalex.org/W1667782349","https://openalex.org/W1775359247","https://openalex.org/W1855484651","https://openalex.org/W1857873485","https://openalex.org/W1960185776","https://openalex.org/W1963708619","https://openalex.org/W1965140375","https://openalex.org/W1965854786","https://openalex.org/W1966026869","https://openalex.org/W1966759373","https://openalex.org/W1967633197","https://openalex.org/W1969865366","https://openalex.org/W1970219417","https://openalex.org/W1972649540","https://openalex.org/W1973309978","https://openalex.org/W1973510303","https://openalex.org/W1974054239","https://openalex.org/W1976342457","https://openalex.org/W1977296748","https://openalex.org/W1979566886","https://openalex.org/W1979905774","https://openalex.org/W1980269624","https://openalex.org/W1984332517","https://openalex.org/W1986173894","https://openalex.org/W1988834597","https://openalex.org/W1989424651","https://openalex.org/W1989441414","https://openalex.org/W1989759946","https://openalex.org/W1990548471","https://openalex.org/W1991007428","https://openalex.org/W1992566484","https://openalex.org/W1996065891","https://openalex.org/W2001328256","https://openalex.org/W2003330861","https://openalex.org/W2003770309","https://openalex.org/W2004498026","https://openalex.org/W2004742914","https://openalex.org/W2009644747","https://openalex.org/W2010475673","https://openalex.org/W2011884101","https://openalex.org/W2013182015","https://openalex.org/W2013513000","https://openalex.org/W2018119263","https://openalex.org/W2018232804","https://openalex.org/W2021735982","https://openalex.org/W2025095545","https://openalex.org/W2026222098","https://openalex.org/W2027423405","https://openalex.org/W2028429209","https://openalex.org/W2028575270","https://openalex.org/W2028940014","https://openalex.org/W2029433700","https://openalex.org/W2031270284","https://openalex.org/W2033096908","https://openalex.org/W2033643848","https://openalex.org/W2034206562","https://openalex.org/W2034377840","https://openalex.org/W2034736009","https://openalex.org/W2039772376","https://openalex.org/W2040316830","https://openalex.org/W2042525870","https://openalex.org/W2042641363","https://openalex.org/W2043254922","https://openalex.org/W2043507346","https://openalex.org/W2046318418","https://openalex.org/W2047738921","https://openalex.org/W2050819752","https://openalex.org/W2051252016","https://openalex.org/W2053850578","https://openalex.org/W2054109341","https://openalex.org/W2054931684","https://openalex.org/W2059136369","https://openalex.org/W2060005132","https://openalex.org/W2068711892","https://openalex.org/W2071154789","https://openalex.org/W2071939778","https://openalex.org/W2072795057","https://openalex.org/W2072904045","https://openalex.org/W2072958095","https://openalex.org/W2075413744","https://openalex.org/W2076361525","https://openalex.org/W2077879161","https://openalex.org/W2079955869","https://openalex.org/W2080160135","https://openalex.org/W2084851425","https://openalex.org/W2088534886","https://openalex.org/W2096307599","https://openalex.org/W2100932663","https://openalex.org/W2101543035","https://openalex.org/W2101708445","https://openalex.org/W2103005112","https://openalex.org/W2105886687","https://openalex.org/W2105893559","https://openalex.org/W2106142257","https://openalex.org/W2107837090","https://openalex.org/W2113377893","https://openalex.org/W2114058102","https://openalex.org/W2117991391","https://openalex.org/W2121660888","https://openalex.org/W2122657809","https://openalex.org/W2123711584","https://openalex.org/W2123764686","https://openalex.org/W2125119690","https://openalex.org/W2126357434","https://openalex.org/W2126417923","https://openalex.org/W2128061984","https://openalex.org/W2128100067","https://openalex.org/W2128357005","https://openalex.org/W2128674168","https://openalex.org/W2129625035","https://openalex.org/W2130863312","https://openalex.org/W2130993320","https://openalex.org/W2133924996","https://openalex.org/W2134479420","https://openalex.org/W2135837360","https://openalex.org/W2136373859","https://openalex.org/W2138677670","https://openalex.org/W2138708625","https://openalex.org/W2139268538","https://openalex.org/W2140601448","https://openalex.org/W2141729181","https://openalex.org/W2141987735","https://openalex.org/W2142238693","https://openalex.org/W2143430694","https://openalex.org/W2144266543","https://openalex.org/W2146591056","https://openalex.org/W2146865647","https://openalex.org/W2149472465","https://openalex.org/W2149732267","https://openalex.org/W2150571570","https://openalex.org/W2151284271","https://openalex.org/W2151437407","https://openalex.org/W2153688420","https://openalex.org/W2153747430","https://openalex.org/W2154283725","https://openalex.org/W2154841861","https://openalex.org/W2156003470","https://openalex.org/W2156445874","https://openalex.org/W2159746639","https://openalex.org/W2160295949","https://openalex.org/W2160419488","https://openalex.org/W2160969485","https://openalex.org/W2161208250","https://openalex.org/W2161381273","https://openalex.org/W2161560970","https://openalex.org/W2163323887","https://openalex.org/W2164029923","https://openalex.org/W2165804743","https://openalex.org/W2165836180","https://openalex.org/W2166206314","https://openalex.org/W2166293484","https://openalex.org/W2168230240","https://openalex.org/W2168585378","https://openalex.org/W2178124364","https://openalex.org/W2346111759","https://openalex.org/W2404517092"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2021618307","https://openalex.org/W1989424651","https://openalex.org/W2130679719","https://openalex.org/W3012710539","https://openalex.org/W2010970638","https://openalex.org/W2078105351","https://openalex.org/W4311287271","https://openalex.org/W2898936708","https://openalex.org/W3019456524","https://openalex.org/W3120540968"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mosquito-borne":[0,237],"diseases":[1],"remain":[2],"a":[3,17,27,58,127,142,163,217,263],"significant":[4],"burden":[5],"on":[6,54,73],"global":[7],"public":[8],"health.":[9],"Maintenance":[10],"of":[11,35,48,57,109,118,172,192,219,265,274,307,315],"mosquito-borne":[12,285],"viruses":[13,50,202,238],"in":[14,26,51,62,86,126,160,209,235,254,277,299,327],"nature":[15,52],"requires":[16],"biological":[18,297],"transmission":[19,47,249],"cycle":[20],"that":[21,70,92,138,159,269],"involves":[22,89],"alternating":[23,252],"virus":[24,147,170,287,301],"replication":[25,253],"susceptible":[28],"vertebrate":[29,37],"and":[30,41,116,124,205,256],"mosquito":[31,64,139,174,193,210],"host.":[32],"Although":[33,259],"infection":[34,61,148,171],"the":[36,55,63,110,114,131,173,284,305,313],"host":[38],"is":[39,67,310],"acute":[40],"often":[42],"associated":[43],"with":[44,283,318],"disease,":[45],"continual":[46],"these":[49,87,292],"depends":[53],"establishment":[56],"persistent,":[59],"nonpathogenic":[60],"vector.":[65],"It":[66],"well":[68],"known":[69],"invertebrates":[71],"rely":[72],"small":[74,101,153,267,293],"RNA":[75,96,154,233,275],"pathways":[76],"as":[77,247],"an":[78,178,240],"adaptive":[79],"antiviral":[80,84,165,179,194,222,329],"defense.":[81],"The":[82,190],"canonical":[83,164],"response":[85,166],"organisms":[88],"dicer":[90],"enzymes":[91],"cleave":[93],"viral":[94,120,214,229],"double-stranded":[95],"replicative":[97],"intermediates":[98],"(RIs)":[99],"into":[100],"interfering":[102],"RNAs":[103,121,186,268,294],"(siRNAs;":[104],"~21-24":[105],"nucleotides).":[106,189],"One":[107],"strand":[108],"siRNA":[111],"duplex":[112],"guides":[113],"targeting":[115],"destruction":[117],"complementary":[119],"when":[122],"loaded":[123],"retained":[125],"multi-protein":[128],"complex":[129],"called":[130],"RNA-induced":[132],"silencing":[133,234,276],"complex.":[134],"Here,":[135],"we":[136,157,260],"show":[137],"vectors":[140],"mount":[141],"redundant":[143],"double":[144],"defense":[145],"against":[146],"mediated":[149,167],"by":[150,168,183],"two":[151,278],"different":[152],"pathways.":[155],"Specifically,":[156],"demonstrate":[158],"addition":[161],"to":[162,271,312,322],"siRNAs,":[169],"soma":[175],"also":[176,231],"triggers":[177],"immune":[180],"pathway":[181],"directed":[182],"ping-pong-dependent":[184],"PIWI-interacting":[185],"(piRNAs;":[187],"~24-30":[188],"complexity":[191],"immunity":[195],"has":[196],"important":[197],"implications":[198],"for":[199,243],"understanding":[200],"how":[201],"both":[203],"induce":[204,216],"modulate":[206],"RNA-silencing":[207],"responses":[208],"vectors.":[211],"In":[212],"mammals,":[213],"RIs":[215,230],"range":[218],"relatively":[220],"nonspecific":[221],"responses.":[223],"However,":[224],"it":[225],"remains":[226],"unclear":[227],"if":[228],"trigger":[232],"mammals.":[236],"represent":[239],"ideal":[241],"model":[242],"addressing":[244],"this":[245],"question":[246],"their":[248],"cycles":[250],"involve":[251],"mammalian":[255,279,328],"invertebrate":[257],"hosts.":[258],"report":[261],"identifying":[262],"subset":[264],"virus-derived":[266,308],"appear":[270,321],"be":[272],"products":[273],"cell":[280],"lines":[281],"infected":[282,317],"chikungunya":[286],"(CHIKV),":[288],"our":[289],"studies":[290],"suggest":[291],"have":[295,323],"little":[296,324],"relevance":[298],"combating":[300],"infections.":[302],"Thus,":[303],"while":[304],"accumulation":[306],"siRNAs":[309],"essential":[311],"survival":[314],"mosquitoes":[316],"CHIKV,":[319],"they":[320],"functional":[325],"significance":[326],"immunity.":[330]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2017-03-16T00:00:00"}