{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2591930356","doi":null,"title":"Problems Faced by Women in Police Stations: Need for Police Reforms in Pakistan","display_name":"Problems Faced by Women in Police Stations: Need for Police Reforms in Pakistan","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2591930356","mag":"2591930356"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2591930356","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-3928254531/problems-faced-by-women-in-police-stations-need-for","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046643221","display_name":"Syeda Mahnaz Hassan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Syeda Mahnaz Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046643221"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3179,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92493893,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"85","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11076","display_name":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","score":0.6904000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11076","display_name":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","score":0.6904000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.12729999423027039,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11432","display_name":"Gender Politics and Representation","score":0.019500000402331352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-access-to-justice","display_name":"women's access to justice","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-stations","display_name":"police departments","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-reform","display_name":"police reform","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-behavior","display_name":"police behavior","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrimination-against-women","display_name":"discrimination against women","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-empowerment","display_name":"women's empowerment","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-protection-of-women","display_name":"legal protection of women","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pakistan","display_name":"Pakistan","score":0.3840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cedaw","display_name":"CEDAW","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-enforcement-agencies","display_name":"law enforcement agencies","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-rights","display_name":"women's rights","score":0.44600000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-discrimination-in-policing","display_name":"gender discrimination in policing","score":0.453000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-rights-implementation","display_name":"human rights implementation","score":0.3889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-status-of-women","display_name":"women's legal status","score":0.42500001192092896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.6712961196899414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780608745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367293","display_name":"Convention","level":2,"score":0.6536176204681396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169437150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8458","display_name":"Human rights","level":2,"score":0.6473422050476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.6005569696426392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138147947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1183659","display_name":"Declaration","level":2,"score":0.548612117767334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.39843660593032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2960827052593231}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2591930356","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-3928254531/problems-faced-by-women-in-police-stations-need-for","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pakistan Journal of Criminology","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":1.0,"display_name":"Gender equality"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":1.0,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.9629999995231628,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W119401378","https://openalex.org/W562223777","https://openalex.org/W577633869","https://openalex.org/W583796093","https://openalex.org/W587644846","https://openalex.org/W596076353","https://openalex.org/W602420388","https://openalex.org/W1484254061","https://openalex.org/W1534327318","https://openalex.org/W1561967739","https://openalex.org/W1580792846","https://openalex.org/W1581201421","https://openalex.org/W1607107850","https://openalex.org/W1759367497","https://openalex.org/W1965385155","https://openalex.org/W1976588278","https://openalex.org/W1988727047","https://openalex.org/W1995183822","https://openalex.org/W2006374002","https://openalex.org/W2013099852","https://openalex.org/W2023149231","https://openalex.org/W2029798001","https://openalex.org/W2037923481","https://openalex.org/W2065774079","https://openalex.org/W2095895998","https://openalex.org/W2100953365","https://openalex.org/W2106268407","https://openalex.org/W2116720807","https://openalex.org/W2133188622","https://openalex.org/W2139058188","https://openalex.org/W2155448195","https://openalex.org/W2168531473","https://openalex.org/W2214641730","https://openalex.org/W2247452083","https://openalex.org/W2324236379","https://openalex.org/W2326410553","https://openalex.org/W2559142395","https://openalex.org/W2731650736","https://openalex.org/W3083372007","https://openalex.org/W3145053037","https://openalex.org/W4255404355"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4414506206","https://openalex.org/W7212051944","https://openalex.org/W7223051981","https://openalex.org/W7160047511","https://openalex.org/W2047268410","https://openalex.org/W2139811794","https://openalex.org/W818665360","https://openalex.org/W7155389674","https://openalex.org/W4213081226","https://openalex.org/W7215516867"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"IntroductionIn":[0],"Pakistan,":[1,234,308],"women":[2,100,270,277,325,336,348,404,430,449,466,567,582,594],"face":[3],"major":[4,384,511],"challenges":[5],"in":[6,233,237,262,278,296,307,349,386,431,452,552,555,579],"accessing":[7,432],"justice":[8,41,434],"(Zaman":[9],"&":[10,63,250],"Zia,":[11],"2012).":[12],"This":[13,392,418],"has":[14,50,117,301,562],"a":[15,302,383,478,493,510,549],"long":[16,303],"historical":[17],"background":[18],"and":[19,59,66,73,96,112,119,126,151,162,185,187,201,210,257,264,273,286,292,338,363,388,397,402,411,444,476,583],"even":[20],"recent":[21],"efforts":[22],"to":[23,40,104,190,271,305,333,353,358,407,421,439,516,529,533,547,571],"mend":[24],"the":[25,79,85,99,123,138,149,154,160,165,178,182,194,197,203,206,213,221,224,239,279,282,327,335,359,364,375,379,395,429,433,490,500,518,524,534,539,542,564,588,591],"idiocies":[26],"of":[27,78,122,132,140,143,153,156,164,167,171,180,196,199,202,205,208,215,227,241,243,254,259,284,288,324,342,347,366,378,425,489,496,538,566,593],"past":[28],"are":[29,90,331,351],"affected":[30],"by":[31,428,448],"these":[32,344],"deep":[33],"rooted":[34],"hitches.":[35],"The":[36,483,506,536],"women's":[37,255],"circumscribed":[38],"access":[39],"is":[42,235,373,514],"not":[43,527],"only":[44,70],"due":[45,357],"toarchaic":[46],"laws;":[47],"rather":[48],"it":[49],"resulted":[51],"from":[52,322,405],"multifarioussocio":[53],"-":[54,57],"economic,":[55],"politico":[56],"cultural":[58],"legal":[60,81,294,340,355,361,380,390,416,445],"convolutions":[61],"(Hassan":[62],"Azman,":[64],"2014)":[65],"glitches":[67],"which":[68,98,372,400],"can":[69],"be":[71],"comprehended":[72],"amended":[74],"with":[75,454,464],"inter-disciplinary":[76],"analysis":[77],"prevailing":[80],"system.":[82],"Besides":[83],"these,":[84],"most":[86],"significant":[87],"impeding":[88],"factors":[89],"police":[91,93,106,409,455,470,497,519,553],"behaviour,":[92],"station":[94,410],"culture":[95,554],"discrimination":[97,275],"face;":[101],"restraint":[102],"them":[103],"visit":[105],"stations":[107,471],"for":[108,193,269,415,472,544,581,590],"reporting":[109,473,499],"any":[110,408],"incidence":[111],"seeking":[113],"remedy":[114],"(Lowenstein,":[115],"2014).Pakistan":[116],"signed":[118],"ratified":[120],"majority":[121,346,488],"international":[124],"covenants":[125],"declarations,":[127],"such":[128,315],"as,":[129],"Universal":[130],"Declaration":[131],"Human":[133],"Rights,":[134],"International":[135,146],"Convention":[136,147,158,170,176,192,211],"on":[137,148,159,177,212],"Elimination":[139,214],"All":[141],"Forms":[142],"Racial":[144],"Discrimination,":[145],"Suppression":[150,195],"Punishment":[152,163],"Crime":[155,166],"Apartheid,":[157],"Prevention":[161],"Genocide,":[168],"Slavery":[169],"1926":[172],"as":[173,316],"amended,":[174],"Supplementary":[175],"Abolition":[179],"Slavery,":[181,191],"Slave":[183],"Trade,":[184],"Institutions":[186],"Practices":[188],"Similar":[189],"Traffic":[198],"Persons":[200],"Exploitation":[204],"Prostitution":[207],"Others":[209],"Discrimination":[216],"Against":[217],"Women":[218,317],"(CEDAW).":[219],"On":[220],"other":[222],"hand,":[223],"empowerment":[225,256],"process":[226,283],"women,":[228],"initiated":[229,597],"during":[230],"Musharraf's":[231],"regime":[232],"still":[236,300],"process.After":[238],"declaration":[240],"laws":[242,267],"Zia's":[244],"regime,":[245],"like":[246],"Hudood":[247],"Ordinance":[248],"(Noreen":[249],"Mussarat,":[251],"2013),the":[252],"movement":[253,589],"equality":[258,578],"rights":[260,291,337,568,580,595],"started":[261],"Pakistan":[263,350],"governments":[265],"promulgated":[266],"specifically":[268],"control":[272],"diminish":[274],"against":[276],"country.":[280],"Although,":[281],"execution":[285],"monitoring":[287],"different":[289,457,586,599],"human":[290],"available":[293,332],"provisions":[295,362],"their":[297,339,413,531],"real":[298],"sense":[299],"way":[304],"go":[306],"but":[309],"at":[310,326,374,456,598],"least":[311],"now":[312],"some":[313,474],"laws,":[314],"Protection":[318,321],"Act":[319],"2006,":[320],"Harassment":[323],"Work":[328],"Place":[329],"2010;":[330],"protect":[334],"status.Despite":[341],"all":[343],"efforts,":[345],"unable":[352],"seek":[354],"protection":[356,592],"insufficient":[360],"behaviour":[365],"law":[367],"enforcement":[368],"agencies,":[369],"significantly":[370],"police,":[371],"fore":[376],"front":[377],"system;":[381],"becomes":[382],"impediment":[385],"claiming":[387],"acquiring":[389],"rights.":[391],"study":[393,461,484,507,540],"highlights":[394],"behavioural":[396,512],"attitudinal":[398],"barriers":[399],"discourage":[401],"dissuade":[403],"going":[406],"initiating":[412,477],"reports":[414],"remedy.":[417],"paper":[419],"pursues":[420],"provide":[422],"an":[423,504],"overview":[424],"problems":[426,446],"faced":[427,492],"through":[435],"police.":[436,535],"It":[437],"aims":[438],"examine":[440],"intrinsic":[441],"institutional,":[442],"socio-cultural":[443],"experienced":[447],"who":[450,467],"come":[451],"contact":[453],"points.":[458],"A":[459],"quantitative":[460],"was":[462,596],"conducted":[463],"43":[465],"visited":[468],"18different":[469],"crime":[475,501],"First":[479],"Investigation":[480],"Report":[481],"(FIR).":[482],"findings":[485],"revealed":[486],"that":[487,509,523],"respondents":[491],"discouraging":[494],"attitude":[495],"while":[498],"or":[502],"lodging":[503],"FIR.":[505],"concluded":[508],"change":[513],"required":[515],"make":[517],"system":[520],"effective":[521],"so":[522],"complainants":[525],"should":[526],"hesitate":[528],"report":[530],"incidents":[532],"recommendations":[537],"elaborate":[541],"need":[543],"massive":[545],"reforms":[546],"create":[548],"paradigm":[550],"shift":[551],"Pakistan.Literature":[556],"ReviewUnited":[557],"Nations,":[558],"since":[559],"its":[560],"inception,":[561],"taken":[563],"issue":[565],"earnestly.":[569],"According":[570],"Thomsen":[572],"(2010),United":[573],"Nations":[574],"Charter":[575],"explicitly":[576],"specifies":[577],"men.":[584],"In":[585],"countries,":[587],"times.":[600],"\u2026":[601]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2017-03-16T00:00:00"}