{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2591675965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17576/gema-2016-1603-04","title":"The Effects of Word Exposure Frequency on Incidental Learning of the Depth of Vocabulary Knowledge","display_name":"The Effects of Word Exposure Frequency on Incidental Learning of the Depth of Vocabulary Knowledge","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2591675965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17576/gema-2016-1603-04","mag":"2591675965"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.17576/gema-2016-1603-04","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17576/gema-2016-1603-04","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17576/gema-2016-1603-04","pdf_url":"http://ejournal.ukm.my/gema/article/download/11596/4809","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738451673","display_name":"GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies","issn_l":"1675-8021","issn":["1675-8021","2550-2131"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","doaj","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321072","host_organization_name":"National University of Malaysia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321072"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National University of Malaysia"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GEMA Online\u00ae Journal of Language Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://ejournal.ukm.my/gema/article/download/11596/4809","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001242576","display_name":"Mark Feng Teng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5134-8504","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5134-8504"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141568987","display_name":"Hong Kong Baptist University","ror":"https://ror.org/0145fw131","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Feng Teng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong Baptist University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong Baptist University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001242576"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"],"apc_list":{"value":300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":300},"apc_paid":{"value":300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":300},"fwci":3.3836,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92093191,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"3","first_page":"53","last_page":"70"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11587","display_name":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11587","display_name":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incidental-vocabulary-learning","display_name":"incidental vocabulary learning","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depth-of-vocabulary-knowledge","display_name":"depth of vocabulary knowledge","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary-retention","display_name":"vocabulary retention","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graded-readers","display_name":"graded readers","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-as-a-foreign-language","display_name":"English as a foreign language","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-learners-of-english","display_name":"Chinese learners of English","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receptive-vocabulary","display_name":"receptive vocabulary","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expressive-vocabulary","display_name":"expressive vocabulary","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudowords","display_name":"pseudowords","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary-development","display_name":"vocabulary development","score":0.5720000267028809}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.8323026895523071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.7483519315719604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5884039402008057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5653085708618164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175293574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q697133","display_name":"Word lists by frequency","level":3,"score":0.5360382795333862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62737587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7939179","display_name":"Vocabulary development","level":3,"score":0.5327264070510864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984601542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48842322","display_name":"Vocabulary learning","level":3,"score":0.48374152183532715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48122501373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779236577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421970","display_name":"Extensive reading","level":3,"score":0.43595170974731445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3968321681022644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.38518065214157104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.33304423093795776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.17576/gema-2016-1603-04","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17576/gema-2016-1603-04","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17576/gema-2016-1603-04","pdf_url":"http://ejournal.ukm.my/gema/article/download/11596/4809","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738451673","display_name":"GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies","issn_l":"1675-8021","issn":["1675-8021","2550-2131"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","doaj","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321072","host_organization_name":"National University of Malaysia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321072"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National University of Malaysia"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GEMA Online\u00ae Journal of Language Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.17576/gema-2016-1603-04","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17576/gema-2016-1603-04","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17576/gema-2016-1603-04","pdf_url":"http://ejournal.ukm.my/gema/article/download/11596/4809","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738451673","display_name":"GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies","issn_l":"1675-8021","issn":["1675-8021","2550-2131"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","doaj","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321072","host_organization_name":"National University of Malaysia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321072"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National University of Malaysia"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GEMA Online\u00ae Journal of Language Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6164000034332275}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2591675965.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2591675965.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W58757968","https://openalex.org/W201027899","https://openalex.org/W316483027","https://openalex.org/W1489790331","https://openalex.org/W1505561457","https://openalex.org/W1527945667","https://openalex.org/W1531673065","https://openalex.org/W1576510351","https://openalex.org/W1578712469","https://openalex.org/W1881382070","https://openalex.org/W1968520137","https://openalex.org/W1973859361","https://openalex.org/W1976116614","https://openalex.org/W2006772751","https://openalex.org/W2016045035","https://openalex.org/W2045482742","https://openalex.org/W2065952565","https://openalex.org/W2079824254","https://openalex.org/W2082324569","https://openalex.org/W2083199007","https://openalex.org/W2097972931","https://openalex.org/W2099279982","https://openalex.org/W2105295138","https://openalex.org/W2107300313","https://openalex.org/W2109018238","https://openalex.org/W2114282361","https://openalex.org/W2121382413","https://openalex.org/W2123372860","https://openalex.org/W2127320208","https://openalex.org/W2130629274","https://openalex.org/W2138950273","https://openalex.org/W2144250294","https://openalex.org/W2152727415","https://openalex.org/W2157698874","https://openalex.org/W2163305400","https://openalex.org/W2165871216","https://openalex.org/W2170156012","https://openalex.org/W2189835978","https://openalex.org/W2489806095","https://openalex.org/W2520494427","https://openalex.org/W2755462511","https://openalex.org/W2784484269","https://openalex.org/W4281703335","https://openalex.org/W6682465348","https://openalex.org/W6817443897"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2753956334","https://openalex.org/W2073550478","https://openalex.org/W3208335948","https://openalex.org/W2063124740","https://openalex.org/W1535190710","https://openalex.org/W2589700183","https://openalex.org/W4313202266","https://openalex.org/W7220595703","https://openalex.org/W2140352877","https://openalex.org/W2369597238"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,108,218],"study":[1,109,219],"examined":[2,72],"the":[3,53,117,120,128,131,175,177,181,183],"rate":[4],"at":[5,208],"which":[6],"depth":[7,54,67],"of":[8,26,52,55,68,81,170,189,226,230,252],"vocabulary":[9,56,69,106,153,202,216,254],"knowledge":[10,57,70,203,225],"was":[11,58,71,110,157,163,204],"learned":[12],"and":[13,50,104,123,137,160,207,238,244],"retained":[14],"from":[15],"reading":[16,46,156],"a":[17,34,45,167,198],"300-headword":[18],"graded":[19],"reader,":[20],"The":[21,66,90,148,187],"Star":[22],"Zoo.":[23],"A":[24],"total":[25],"30":[27],"tertiary-level":[28],"students":[29,126],"who":[30],"learn":[31],"English":[32],"as":[33,250],"foreign":[35],"language":[36],"(EFL)":[37],"in":[38,44,112],"China":[39],"volunteered":[40],"to":[41,87,101,196,200,223],"take":[42],"part":[43,251],"program.":[47],"Incidental":[48],"learning":[49,154,162],"retention":[51,141],"measured,":[59],"complementing":[60],"previous":[61],"research":[62],"along":[63],"this":[64,161],"line.":[65],"by":[73],"using":[74],"36":[75],"test":[76],"items":[77],"within":[78],"six":[79],"bands":[80],"frequency":[82,169,178,243],"(more":[83],"than":[84],"20":[85],"times":[86,190,211],"only":[88],"once).":[89],"target":[91],"words":[92,228,234],"were":[93,99,143,212],"substituted":[94],"with":[95],"pseudo-words.":[96],"Two":[97],"tests":[98,142],"employed":[100],"measure":[102],"receptive":[103],"productive":[105,215],"knowledge.":[107,217],"completed":[111,144],"three":[113,145],"sessions:":[114],"Students":[115],"read":[116,127],"book":[118,129],"for":[119,130,214],"first":[121],"time":[122,133],"finished":[124,138],"tests;":[125,139],"second":[132],"seven":[134],"days":[135],"later,":[136],"finally,":[140],"months":[146],"later.":[147],"findings":[149],"showed":[150],"that":[151,173,191,221,239],"incidental":[152],"through":[155],"very":[158],"limited,":[159],"largely":[164],"based":[165],"on":[166],"high":[168],"word":[171,199,241,246],"occurrence,":[172],"is,":[174],"higher":[176],"level":[179],"was,":[180],"better":[182],"learners\u2019":[184],"word-learning":[185],"was.":[186],"number":[188],"Chinese":[192],"EFL":[193],"learners":[194],"needed":[195,213],"encounter":[197],"recognize":[201],"14":[205],"times,":[206],"least":[209],"18":[210],"shows":[220],"attention":[222],"building":[224],"known":[227],"instead":[229],"solely":[231],"introducing":[232],"new":[233],"should":[235],"be":[236],"paid,":[237],"both":[240],"exposure":[242],"elaborate":[245],"processing":[247],"are":[248],"important":[249],"successful":[253],"development.":[255],"DOI:":[256],"http://doi.org/10.17576/gema-2016-1603-04":[257]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2017-03-16T00:00:00"}
