{"id":"https://openalex.org/W259105936","doi":null,"title":"Libraries and Andrew Carnegie's Challenge.","display_name":"Libraries and Andrew Carnegie's Challenge.","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W259105936","mag":"259105936"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:259105936","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED429621.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082792333","display_name":"Vartan Gregorian","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vartan Gregorian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082792333"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12289","display_name":"Library Science and Administration","score":0.4765999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3309","display_name":"Library and Information Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12289","display_name":"Library Science and Administration","score":0.4765999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3309","display_name":"Library and Information Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14386","display_name":"Libraries, Manuscripts, and Books","score":0.47119998931884766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13673","display_name":"Library Science and Information","score":0.014399999752640724,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3309","display_name":"Library and Information Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/andrew-carnegie","display_name":"Andrew Carnegie","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carnegie-libraries","display_name":"Carnegie libraries","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/library-philanthropy","display_name":"library philanthropy","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-libraries","display_name":"public libraries","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/library-funding","display_name":"library funding","score":0.5479999780654907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.4330362379550934}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:259105936","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED429621.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W171000332","https://openalex.org/W4242433210","https://openalex.org/W4256679040","https://openalex.org/W584502165","https://openalex.org/W7095413406","https://openalex.org/W1991620929","https://openalex.org/W1967495902","https://openalex.org/W4387826872","https://openalex.org/W4243007119","https://openalex.org/W6992518186"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T04:12:42.849631","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}