{"id":"https://openalex.org/W259091600","doi":null,"title":"Challenges and Risks of ICT Outsourcing: Perspectives from Botswana","display_name":"Challenges and Risks of ICT Outsourcing: Perspectives from Botswana","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W259091600","mag":"259091600"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:259091600","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ubrisa.ub.bw/handle/10311/1582","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087114355","display_name":"Alice P. Shemi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2951-7743","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2951-7743"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157273133","display_name":"University of Botswana","ror":"https://ror.org/01encsj80","country_code":"BW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157273133"]}],"countries":["BW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alice P. Shemi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Botswana;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2951-7743","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Botswana;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157273133"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081752397","display_name":"Klodwig V. Mgaya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5073-4227","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5073-4227"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157273133","display_name":"University of Botswana","ror":"https://ror.org/01encsj80","country_code":"BW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157273133"]}],"countries":["BW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K.V. Mgaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Botswana;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5073-4227","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Botswana;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157273133"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033057063","display_name":"Nugi Nkwe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9738-6979","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9738-6979"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157273133","display_name":"University of Botswana","ror":"https://ror.org/01encsj80","country_code":"BW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157273133"]}],"countries":["BW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nugi Nkwe","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Botswana;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9738-6979","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Botswana;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157273133"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157273133"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8019,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87548518,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"43","last_page":"59"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11912","display_name":"Outsourcing and Supply Chain Management","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11912","display_name":"Outsourcing and Supply Chain Management","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11499","display_name":"ICT Impact and Policies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13034","display_name":"Information Systems Education and Curriculum Development","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/it-outsourcing","display_name":"IT outsourcing","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outsourcing-risks","display_name":"outsourcing risks","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-sector-outsourcing","display_name":"outsourcing of public services","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developing-countries","display_name":"developing countries","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botswana","display_name":"Botswana","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outsourcing-relationships","display_name":"outsourcing relationships","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-morale","display_name":"employee morale","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/short-term-contracts","display_name":"short-term contracts","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coordination-problems","display_name":"coordination problems","score":0.6859999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46934059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61515","display_name":"Outsourcing","level":2,"score":0.9262679815292358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.7332494854927063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108474776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2917279","display_name":"Knowledge process outsourcing","level":3,"score":0.6977710723876953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67363961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5268834","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","level":2,"score":0.6859737038612366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5670274496078491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.545697808265686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121426985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q591763","display_name":"Private sector","level":2,"score":0.5143195390701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294217","display_name":"Public sector","level":2,"score":0.5042136907577515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.472347617149353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.45075082778930664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121017731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11661","display_name":"Information technology","level":2,"score":0.4191470444202423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.3872813284397125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.3780105412006378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2011568248271942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.19506436586380005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.15676084160804749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:259091600","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ubrisa.ub.bw/handle/10311/1582","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.8970999717712402,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"},{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.7257999777793884,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.6601999998092651,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6831929","https://openalex.org/W21135334","https://openalex.org/W190529148","https://openalex.org/W1491933283","https://openalex.org/W1500834797","https://openalex.org/W1522681215","https://openalex.org/W1581072116","https://openalex.org/W1589904083","https://openalex.org/W1978415483","https://openalex.org/W1984306181","https://openalex.org/W1986531017","https://openalex.org/W1993932289","https://openalex.org/W1995415491","https://openalex.org/W1998977005","https://openalex.org/W2001803911","https://openalex.org/W2007110806","https://openalex.org/W2007720436","https://openalex.org/W2008421428","https://openalex.org/W2010600091","https://openalex.org/W2012196446","https://openalex.org/W2016853005","https://openalex.org/W2019595731","https://openalex.org/W2020324556","https://openalex.org/W2031497344","https://openalex.org/W2036739699","https://openalex.org/W2037683112","https://openalex.org/W2040229280","https://openalex.org/W2078585515","https://openalex.org/W2096681460","https://openalex.org/W2126070475","https://openalex.org/W2143586926","https://openalex.org/W2148626579","https://openalex.org/W2159306398","https://openalex.org/W2160509052","https://openalex.org/W2164092977","https://openalex.org/W2487952620","https://openalex.org/W2575202238"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2127608792","https://openalex.org/W2483872259","https://openalex.org/W2096855359","https://openalex.org/W2094541654","https://openalex.org/W168923656","https://openalex.org/W2234905039","https://openalex.org/W7132312593","https://openalex.org/W6980483702","https://openalex.org/W7096302974","https://openalex.org/W7095983684"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Outsourcing":[0,195,280,282],"of":[1,22,40,45,94,103,132,155,161,170,177,184,187,193,204,208,226,260],"Information":[2],"and":[3,20,43,77,85,91,139,142,164,175,212,224],"Communications":[4],"Technology":[5],"(ICT)":[6],"is":[7,37,229],"the":[8,41,64,89,137,182,191,202,205,232,235,247,252],"process":[9],"in":[10,31,48,69,88,246,283],"which":[11,219],"an":[12,27,78],"organisation":[13],"delegates":[14],"tasks":[15],"concerned":[16,151],"with":[17,152,181,201],"management,":[18],"operation":[19],"maintenance":[21],"its":[23],"ICT":[24,46,66,112,248,262,278],"resources":[25],"to":[26,33,55,57,81,101,221],"external":[28],"service":[29],"provider":[30],"order":[32],"improve":[34],"performance.":[35],"There":[36],"limited":[38],"knowledge":[39,59],"challenges":[42],"risks":[44],"outsourcing":[47,67,167,171,173,185,242],"developing":[49],"country":[50],"contexts.":[51],"This":[52],"paper":[53],"aims":[54],"contribute":[56],"this":[58],"gap":[60],"by":[61,125],"focusing":[62],"on":[63,166],"local":[65,261],"industry":[68],"Botswana.":[70,288],"The":[71,145],"research":[72],"approach":[73],"combined":[74],"a":[75,119,127,153,256],"positivist":[76],"interpretive":[79,117],"stance":[80],"collect":[82],"both":[83],"quantitative":[84],"qualitative":[86],"information":[87],"public":[90,138],"private":[92,140],"sector":[93,141,249],"Botswana.\u00a0":[95],"A":[96],"survey":[97],"questionnaire":[98],"was":[99,123],"administered":[100],"staff":[102],"100":[104],"establishments":[105],"that":[106,148,231],"targeted":[107],"senior":[108],"managers":[109,135],"responsible":[110],"for":[111,258],"outsourcing.":[113],"For":[116],"analysis,":[118],"focus":[120],"group":[121],"strategy":[122],"followed":[124],"conducting":[126],"workshop":[130],"consisting":[131],"16":[133],"key":[134],"from":[136],"non-government":[143],"organisations.":[144],"findings":[146],"show":[147],"firms":[149,186,196,218],"are":[150,197],"variety":[154],"issues":[156],"including":[157],"lack":[160],"flexibility,":[162],"security":[163],"overdependence":[165],"firms;":[168],"management":[169],"relationships;":[172],"internationally;":[174],"loss":[176],"employee":[178],"morale":[179],"coupled":[180],"habit":[183],"employing":[188],"expatriates":[189],"at":[190,251],"expense":[192],"locals.":[194],"also":[198],"not":[199],"happy":[200],"policy":[203],"main":[206,236],"client":[207,237],"giving":[209],"short-term":[210],"contracts":[211],"splitting":[213],"big":[214],"jobs":[215],"across":[216],"many":[217],"leads":[220],"coordination":[222],"problems":[223],"trading":[225],"blames.":[227],"It":[228],"recommended":[230],"government,":[233],"being":[234],"should":[238],"look":[239],"into":[240],"how":[241],"can":[243],"bring":[244],"efficiency":[245],"but":[250],"same":[253],"time":[254],"be":[255],"catalyst":[257],"training":[259],"professionals.":[263],"Keywords:":[274],"Outsourcing,":[279],"Politics,":[281],"Public":[284],"Sector,":[285],"Developing":[286],"countries,":[287]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-27T08:07:27.782135","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
