{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2590725674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2251193","title":"The influence of medium conductivity on cells exposed to nsPEF","display_name":"The influence of medium conductivity on cells exposed to nsPEF","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-02-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2590725674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2251193","mag":"2590725674"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2251193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2251193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2251193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089437743","display_name":"Erick Moen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5947-7044","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5947-7044"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erick K. Moen","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Univ. of Southern California (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Univ. of Southern California (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081819626","display_name":"Bennett L. Ibey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7880-3837","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7880-3837"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280414376","display_name":"United States Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4389425425"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bennett L. Ibey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Force Research Lab. (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Research Lab. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051126382","display_name":"Caleb C. Roth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8962-1097","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8962-1097"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280414376","display_name":"United States Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4389425425"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caleb C. Roth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Force Research Lab. (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Research Lab. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113785162","display_name":"Ronald A. Barnes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280414376","display_name":"United States Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4389425425"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronald A. Barnes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Force Research Lab. (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Research Lab. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021428334","display_name":"Hope T. Beier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6291-118X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6291-118X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280414376","display_name":"United States Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4389425425"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hope T. Beier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Force Research Lab. (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Research Lab. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101679309","display_name":"Andrea M. Armani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9890-5104","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9890-5104"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea M. Armani","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Univ. of Southern California (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Univ. of Southern California (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01596806,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10066","issue":null,"first_page":"100660W","last_page":"100660W"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11455","display_name":"Microbial Inactivation Methods","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1305","display_name":"Biotechnology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11455","display_name":"Microbial Inactivation Methods","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1305","display_name":"Biotechnology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10642","display_name":"Plasma Applications and Diagnostics","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10957","display_name":"Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanosecond-pulsed-electric-fields","display_name":"nanosecond pulsed electric fields","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma-membrane-permeabilization","display_name":"plasma membrane permeabilization","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-harmonic-generation-microscopy","display_name":"second harmonic generation microscopy","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/live-cell-imaging","display_name":"live-cell imaging","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrolyte-leakage","display_name":"electrolyte leakage","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-field-effects-on-cells","display_name":"electric field effects on cells","score":0.5960000157356262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.6617785692214966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131540310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907564","display_name":"Conductivity","level":2,"score":0.5904045104980469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.5778108835220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28406088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5571762","display_name":"Extracellular","level":2,"score":0.5245556831359863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51141536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838801","display_name":"Nanosecond","level":3,"score":0.5193760991096497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159467904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001702","display_name":"Chemical physics","level":1,"score":0.4996986389160156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60799052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46221","display_name":"Electric field","level":2,"score":0.48964768648147583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778106830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29548","display_name":"Cell membrane","level":3,"score":0.4821421802043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145148216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496","display_name":"Ion","level":2,"score":0.42702776193618774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.42597341537475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4169667959213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.40324851870536804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.33261752128601074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.24578320980072021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.13372701406478882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.11947885155677795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.08533796668052673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.08342859148979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2251193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2251193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2251193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1006003799","https://openalex.org/W1967905520","https://openalex.org/W1968314359","https://openalex.org/W1972708469","https://openalex.org/W2006022252","https://openalex.org/W2018866981","https://openalex.org/W2035135142","https://openalex.org/W2045558911","https://openalex.org/W2058367304","https://openalex.org/W2092845519","https://openalex.org/W2094688975","https://openalex.org/W2094835614","https://openalex.org/W2097767970","https://openalex.org/W2143044248","https://openalex.org/W2286076041","https://openalex.org/W2287260385","https://openalex.org/W2346521551","https://openalex.org/W2505461123","https://openalex.org/W2511412111","https://openalex.org/W2520566666"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2158019490","https://openalex.org/W2089985908","https://openalex.org/W2511412111","https://openalex.org/W2460127785","https://openalex.org/W7213263416","https://openalex.org/W302313645","https://openalex.org/W1988153161","https://openalex.org/W2489688011","https://openalex.org/W2481482866","https://openalex.org/W2348849826"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nanosecond":[0],"pulsed":[1],"electric":[2,236],"fields":[3],"(nsPEF)":[4],"have":[5,36],"proven":[6],"useful":[7],"for":[8],"transporting":[9],"cargo":[10],"across":[11,87],"cell":[12],"membranes":[13],"and":[14,21,30,104,181,201,209],"selectively":[15],"activating":[16],"cellular":[17,25,61],"pathways.":[18],"The":[19,212,231],"chemistry":[20],"biophysics":[22],"governing":[23],"this":[24,68,120],"response,":[26],"however,":[27],"are":[28,45,177,241],"complex":[29],"not":[31,238],"well":[32],"understood.":[33],"Recent":[34],"studies":[35],"shown":[37],"that":[38,155,234],"the":[39,42,59,64,81,88,100,132,165,202,206,210,219,226,235,242],"conductivity":[40,186],"of":[41,66,80,85,134,171,222,228],"solution":[43,208],"cells":[44,163],"exposed":[46],"in":[47,53,161,167],"could":[48,189],"play":[49],"a":[50,118,126,144,168,174],"significant":[51],"role":[52],"plasma":[54],"membrane":[55,69,199,247],"permeabilization":[56,103],"and,":[57],"thus,":[58],"overall":[60],"response.":[62],"Unfortunately,":[63],"means":[65],"detecting":[67],"perturbation":[70],"has":[71,92,122],"traditionally":[72],"been":[73,123],"limited":[74],"to":[75,94,99,130,158,179,217],"analyzing":[76],"one":[77],"possible":[78],"consequence":[79],"exposure":[82],"\u2013":[83],"diffusion":[84],"molecules":[86],"membrane.":[89],"This":[90,194],"method":[91,121],"led":[93],"contradictory":[95],"results":[96,232],"with":[97],"respect":[98],"relationship":[101],"between":[102,205],"conductivity.":[105],"Diffusion":[106],"experiments":[107,115,213],"also":[108,214],"suffer":[109],"from":[110],"\u201csaturation":[111],"conditions\u201d":[112],"making":[113],"multi-pulse":[114],"difficult.":[116],"As":[117,173],"result,":[119,175],"identified":[124],"as":[125],"key":[127],"stumbling":[128],"block":[129],"understanding":[131],"effects":[133,227],"nsPEF":[135],"exposure.":[136],"To":[137],"overcome":[138],"these":[139],"limitations,":[140],"we":[141,176],"recently":[142],"developed":[143],"nonlinear":[145],"optical":[146],"imaging":[147],"technique":[148],"based":[149,197],"on":[150,198],"second":[151],"harmonic":[152],"generation":[153],"(SHG)":[154],"allows":[156],"us":[157,216],"identify":[159],"nanoporation":[160],"live":[162],"during":[164],"pulse":[166],"wide":[169],"array":[170],"conditions.":[172],"able":[178],"explore":[180],"fully":[182],"test":[183,218],"whether":[184],"lower":[185],"extracellular":[187,207],"solutions":[188],"induce":[190],"more":[191],"efficient":[192],"nanoporation.":[193,248],"hypothesis":[195],"is":[196],"charging":[200],"relative":[203],"difference":[204],"cytoplasm.":[211],"allow":[215],"noise":[220],"floor":[221],"our":[223],"methodology":[224],"against":[225],"ion":[229],"leakage.":[230],"emphasize":[233],"field,":[237],"ionic":[239],"phenomenon,":[240],"driving":[243],"force":[244],"behind":[245],"nsPEF-induced":[246]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2017-03-03T00:00:00"}