{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2590195251","doi":null,"title":"Reading Arabic : legibility studies for the Arabic script","display_name":"Reading Arabic : legibility studies for the Arabic script","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-10-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2590195251","mag":"2590195251"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.31UKB_LEU:9940744282902711","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/20022","pdf_url":"https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/download/1887/20022/1?col=81522199220002711","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400850","display_name":"Leiden Repository (Leiden University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","host_organization_name":"Leiden University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/download/1887/20022/1?col=81522199220002711","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016236934","display_name":"Nadine Chahine","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nadine Chahine","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016236934"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13757","display_name":"Graphic Design and Typography","score":0.8051999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13757","display_name":"Graphic Design and Typography","score":0.8051999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.06710000336170197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.03709999844431877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arabic-script","display_name":"Arabic script","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legibility","display_name":"legibility","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arabic-typography","display_name":"Arabic typography","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocalizations","display_name":"vocalizations","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/short-vowels","display_name":"short vowels","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-movements-during-reading","display_name":"eye movements during reading","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-analysis","display_name":"regression analysis","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/typeface-design","display_name":"typeface design","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading","display_name":"reading","score":0.31299999356269836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779332521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820694","display_name":"Legibility","level":2,"score":0.975975751876831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80797182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17451","display_name":"Typeface","level":2,"score":0.9454430341720581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.6405177116394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777146004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14949826","display_name":"CLARITY","level":2,"score":0.5540143251419067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153050134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760256","display_name":"Eye movement","level":2,"score":0.5259047746658325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166422571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159964","display_name":"Typography","level":2,"score":0.4651198387145996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777323237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1828555","display_name":"Arabic script","level":3,"score":0.4272765517234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4195701479911804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3708212971687317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96455323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13955","display_name":"Arabic","level":2,"score":0.3680565059185028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3599167466163635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2519734501838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.11639580130577087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.10512462258338928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.31UKB_LEU:9940744282902711","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/20022","pdf_url":"https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/download/1887/20022/1?col=81522199220002711","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400850","display_name":"Leiden Repository (Leiden University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","host_organization_name":"Leiden University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06"},{"id":"pmh:ul:oai:scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl:item_2937088","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1887/20022","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1887/20022","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"TITLE=None","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralthesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openaccess.leidenuniv.nl:1887/20022","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1887/20022","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400850","display_name":"Leiden Repository (Leiden University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","host_organization_name":"Leiden University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Dissertatie"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl:item_2937088","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1887/20022","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400850","display_name":"Leiden Repository (Leiden University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","host_organization_name":"Leiden University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},{"id":"mag:2590195251","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/access/item%3A2937096/view","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.31UKB_LEU:9940744282902711","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/20022","pdf_url":"https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/download/1887/20022/1?col=81522199220002711","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400850","display_name":"Leiden Repository (Leiden University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","host_organization_name":"Leiden University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2590195251.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2590195251.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6926725007","https://openalex.org/W1993146168","https://openalex.org/W2581736217","https://openalex.org/W4362717964","https://openalex.org/W1985712375","https://openalex.org/W3108130896","https://openalex.org/W3188980903","https://openalex.org/W2341313918","https://openalex.org/W4412481070","https://openalex.org/W3086320454"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"What":[0],"is":[1,35,112],"the":[2,13,16,22,27,47,64,73,76,80,89,93,115,133,136,147,158,165,195,198],"cost":[3,170],"of":[4,15,18,24,66,75,92,101,109,117,135,150,160,188,197],"visual":[5,48],"complexity?":[6],"This":[7,34],"dissertation":[8],"sets":[9],"out":[10,37],"to":[11,42,125,131,171],"determine":[12,132],"effect":[14,134,156],"complexity":[17,137,149],"word":[19,151,172],"formation":[20,152],"on":[21,140,157],"legibility":[23,43,56,110,159],"Arabic":[25,67,77,161],"and":[26,55,79,105,138,163,204,207],"role":[28],"that":[29,45,111,146,164,182],"vocalization":[30,139],"plays":[31],"in":[32,53,84,114,129,184],"reading.":[33],"carried":[36],"via":[38],"a":[39,99,106,154,169,185],"holistic":[40],"approach":[41],"research":[44,211],"combines":[46],"culture":[49],"with":[50,178],"eye":[51,102,118,123],"movement":[52,103],"reading":[54,141],"studies.":[57],"To":[58],"do":[59],"this":[60],"it":[61],"looks":[62],"at":[63],"transition":[65],"manuscript":[68],"letterforms":[69],"into":[70],"typographic":[71,82],"ones,":[72],"anatomy":[74],"script,":[78],"predominant":[81],"styles":[83],"use":[85],"today.":[86],"It":[87],"presents":[88],"design":[90],"process":[91],"specially":[94],"designed":[95],"Afandem":[96],"typeface":[97],"family,":[98],"review":[100],"findings,":[104],"new":[107],"definition":[108],"rooted":[113],"models":[116],"movement.":[119],"The":[120,143],"experiment":[121],"used":[122],"tracking":[124],"test":[126],"72":[127],"subjects":[128],"Beirut":[130],"measures.":[142],"results":[144,183,191],"show":[145],"increased":[148],"has":[153],"negative":[155],"typefaces":[162],"short":[166],"vowels":[167],"add":[168],"processing":[173],"even":[174],"though":[175],"they":[176],"bring":[177],"them":[179],"extra":[180],"clarity":[181],"reduced":[186],"number":[187],"regressions.":[189],"These":[190],"are":[192,212],"discussed":[193],"within":[194],"scope":[196],"Arab":[199],"world":[200],"today,":[201],"its":[202],"cultural":[203],"educational":[205],"setup,":[206],"avenues":[208],"for":[209],"further":[210],"explored.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2017-03-03T00:00:00"}
