{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2589628567","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15496/publikation-15471","title":"Gun Violence in the U.S.: Correlates and Causes","display_name":"Gun Violence in the U.S.: Correlates and Causes","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2589628567","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15496/publikation-15471","mag":"2589628567"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:zbw:hohdps:042017","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/155675/1/881604720.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/155675/1/881604720.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/155675","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003746106","display_name":"Bohdan Kukharskyy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6069-2673","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6069-2673"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kukharskyy, Bohdan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058741701","display_name":"Sebastian Seiffert","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seiffert, Sebastian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12265","display_name":"Gun Ownership and Violence Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12265","display_name":"Gun Ownership and Violence Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11838","display_name":"Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gun-violence","display_name":"gun violence","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firearms-offenses","display_name":"firearms offenses","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-capital","display_name":"social capital","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/county-level-analysis","display_name":"county-level analysis","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-policy","display_name":"criminal policy","score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gun-control","display_name":"gun control","score":0.40799999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-states","display_name":"United States","score":0.32600000500679016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993856043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5618454","display_name":"Gun violence","level":4,"score":0.7478320002555847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68062652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214693","display_name":"Social capital","level":2,"score":0.6427660584449768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.5125522613525391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.48973727226257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.4428727328777313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83646750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193893","display_name":"Capital (architecture)","level":2,"score":0.4331006407737732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3951056897640228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.393195241689682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.34128421545028687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.32439088821411133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.3237324357032776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2891009449958801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.274331659078598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.17400681972503662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1116950511932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.10586076974868774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.06227833032608032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:zbw:hohdps:042017","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/155675/1/881604720.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/155675/1/881604720.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:zbw:tuewef:94","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/152251/1/877956375.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/152251/1/877956375.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/155675","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/155675","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/155675","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:workingPaper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:opus.uni-hohenheim.de:1333","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:100-opus-13337","pdf_url":"http://opus.uni-hohenheim.de/volltexte/2017/1333/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400682","display_name":"University writing server of the University of Hohenheim (Universit\u00e4t Hohenheim)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"ResearchPaper"},{"id":"mag:2589628567","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://opus.uni-hohenheim.de/volltexte/2017/1333/pdf/dp_04_2017_online.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/152251","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/152251","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:workingPaper"},{"id":"doi:10.15496/publikation-15471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15496/publikation-15471","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15496/publikation-15471","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407053000","display_name":"Universit\u00e4tsbibliothek T\u00fcbingen","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/155675","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/155675","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/155675","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:workingPaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2589628567.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2589628567.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W819016141","https://openalex.org/W1487380781","https://openalex.org/W1537646239","https://openalex.org/W1540009383","https://openalex.org/W1563594539","https://openalex.org/W1670572644","https://openalex.org/W2000267577","https://openalex.org/W2009710286","https://openalex.org/W2019698588","https://openalex.org/W2021948138","https://openalex.org/W2064164176","https://openalex.org/W2085491458","https://openalex.org/W2090200210","https://openalex.org/W2090766907","https://openalex.org/W2093356427","https://openalex.org/W2104300463","https://openalex.org/W2104814418","https://openalex.org/W2107093339","https://openalex.org/W2124758339","https://openalex.org/W2125609531","https://openalex.org/W2125691411","https://openalex.org/W2125710370","https://openalex.org/W2137902599","https://openalex.org/W2140063212","https://openalex.org/W2145309110","https://openalex.org/W2147264455","https://openalex.org/W2152153558","https://openalex.org/W2153943092","https://openalex.org/W2157619495","https://openalex.org/W2157642400","https://openalex.org/W2170697357","https://openalex.org/W2189821821","https://openalex.org/W2491823384","https://openalex.org/W2603482694","https://openalex.org/W2889983377","https://openalex.org/W2903472367","https://openalex.org/W3025381839","https://openalex.org/W3123203491","https://openalex.org/W3125145917","https://openalex.org/W3125384899","https://openalex.org/W3125432927","https://openalex.org/W3125715612","https://openalex.org/W3149953018","https://openalex.org/W3164549185"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2995074871","https://openalex.org/W3160513622","https://openalex.org/W7045090913","https://openalex.org/W4411375659","https://openalex.org/W6967931905","https://openalex.org/W4403921252","https://openalex.org/W7172248288","https://openalex.org/W3037392432","https://openalex.org/W4407202421","https://openalex.org/W2058700969"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"provides":[2],"a":[3,23,33,92],"county-level":[4],"investigation":[5],"of":[6,10,40,59,73,94],"the":[7,14,38,56,62,70],"root":[8],"causes":[9],"gun":[11],"violence":[12],"in":[13,32],"U.S.":[15],"To":[16],"guide":[17],"our":[18,83,88],"empirical":[19,67],"analysis,":[20,89],"we":[21,65,90],"develop":[22],"simple":[24],"theoretical":[25,84],"model":[26],"which":[27],"suggests":[28],"that":[29],"firearm-related":[30],"offenses":[31],"given":[34],"county":[35],"increase":[36],"with":[37,45,82],"number":[39],"illegal":[41,74],"guns":[42],"and":[43,48,78],"decrease":[44],"social":[46,76],"capital":[47],"police":[49,79],"intensity.":[50],"Using":[51],"detailed":[52],"panel":[53],"data":[54],"from":[55],"Federal":[57],"Bureau":[58],"Investigation":[60],"for":[61,69],"period":[63],"1986-2014,":[64],"find":[66],"evidence":[68],"causal":[71],"effects":[72],"guns,":[75],"capital,":[77],"intensity":[80],"consistent":[81],"predictions.":[85],"Based":[86],"on":[87],"derive":[91],"range":[93],"policy":[95],"recommendations.":[96]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2017-03-03T00:00:00"}