{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2588220171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0886-1633(90)90048-i","title":"Impact analysis for program evaluation","display_name":"Impact analysis for program evaluation","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2588220171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0886-1633(90)90048-i","mag":"2588220171"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0886-1633(90)90048-i","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0886-1633(90)90048-i","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0886-1633(90)90048-i","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144871169","display_name":"Evaluation Practice","issn_l":"0886-1633","issn":["0886-1633"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Evaluation Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"book-review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047718925","display_name":"Joseph S. Wholey","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joseph S. Wholey","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California: School of Public Administration, Washington Public Affairs Center, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California: School of Public Administration, Washington Public Affairs Center, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047718925"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"2","first_page":"147","last_page":"149"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11404","display_name":"Irrigation Practices and Water Management","score":0.9496999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11404","display_name":"Irrigation Practices and Water Management","score":0.9496999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10014","display_name":"Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance","score":0.01759999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12566","display_name":"Nitrogen and Sulfur Effects on Brassica","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kale","display_name":"kale","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drought-stress","display_name":"drought stress","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deficit-irrigation","display_name":"deficit irrigation","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volumetric-water-content","display_name":"volumetric water content","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stomatal-conductance","display_name":"stomatal conductance","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/net-photosynthesis","display_name":"net photosynthesis","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carotenoids","display_name":"carotenoids","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proline","display_name":"proline","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutamate-metabolism","display_name":"glutamate metabolism","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glucosinolates","display_name":"glucosinolates","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenolic-compounds","display_name":"phenolic compounds","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-metabolites","display_name":"leaf metabolites","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-moisture-sensors","display_name":"soil moisture sensors","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-irrigation","display_name":"precision irrigation","score":0.5139999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4853881597518921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.45670104026794434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157517311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167980","display_name":"Transpiration","level":3,"score":0.4373907148838043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.4159943163394928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.40906357765197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.3446088433265686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.33052143454551697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183688256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11982","display_name":"Photosynthesis","level":2,"score":0.2935786843299866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.2879154086112976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0886-1633(90)90048-i","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0886-1633(90)90048-i","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0886-1633(90)90048-i","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144871169","display_name":"Evaluation Practice","issn_l":"0886-1633","issn":["0886-1633"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Evaluation Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W240302486","https://openalex.org/W2012710600","https://openalex.org/W3216916959"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3083642238","https://openalex.org/W7204469121","https://openalex.org/W4379159809","https://openalex.org/W2751018059","https://openalex.org/W2737976209","https://openalex.org/W6988183106","https://openalex.org/W2766639090","https://openalex.org/W4387020161","https://openalex.org/W2156530988","https://openalex.org/W2917553271"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Kale":[0],"originates":[1],"from":[2,187],"the":[3,28,112,160,192,220,230,234,249],"eastern":[4],"Mediterranean":[5],"and":[6,12,31,45,59,98,144,153,171,189,201,219,225,258,261,264,281,284,297,310,314],"Asia":[7],"Minor,":[8],"being":[9],"cultivated":[10],"worldwide":[11],"is":[13,36,40],"considered":[14],"as":[15,22,24,205,295],"global":[16],"cash":[17],"crop":[18],"to":[19,94,114,136,162],"high":[20,184],"nutrients":[21],"well":[23],"cold":[25],"tolerance":[26],"in":[27,107,191,233,322],"fall,":[29],"winter,":[30],"spring.":[32],"Although":[33],"kale":[34,193,274,317],"production":[35],"gradually":[37],"increasing,":[38],"there":[39],"limited":[41],"research":[42,305],"on":[43,69],"physiological":[44,60,278],"metabolism":[46,260],"changes":[47,61],"by":[48,62,276],"different":[49,63,78,141],"levels":[50,64,79],"of":[51,65,80,214],"irrigation.":[52],"Here,":[53],"we":[54],"comprehensively":[55],"investigated":[56],"yield,":[57],"metabolism,":[58],"precision":[66],"irrigation":[67,268],"based":[68],"soil":[70],"moisture":[71],"sensor.":[72],"Kales":[73],"were":[74,139,155,173,203,229],"grown":[75],"at":[76,176],"three":[77],"volumetric":[81],"water":[82,137],"content":[83,228],"(VWC)":[84],"which":[85],"included":[86],"0.15,":[87],"0.25,":[88],"or":[89],"0.35":[90,115,145,163,177],"m3":[91,116,117,146,147,164,165,236,237],"m3,":[92],"corresponding":[93],"well-watered,":[95],"intermediate":[96],"drought,":[97],"drought":[99,215,241,252,271,323],"stressed":[100],"conditions.":[101,324],"There":[102],"was":[103],"a":[104,183,303],"22.5%":[105],"increase":[106,244,290],"fresh":[108],"weight":[109],"when":[110,158],"comparing":[111,159],"0.15":[113,143,161],"VWC":[118,148,166,206],"treatments.":[119,149,167],"Leaf":[120],"transpiration":[121],"(E),":[122],"net":[123],"CO2":[124,129],"assimilation":[125,185],"rate":[126],"(A),":[127],"intercellular":[128],"concentration":[130,175,232],"(Ci),":[131],"tand":[132],"stomatal":[133],"conductance":[134],"(gs)":[135],"vapor":[138],"significantly":[140,156,254],"between":[142],"The":[150],"carotenoids":[151],"neoxanthin":[152],"antheraxanthin":[154],"decreased":[157],"Additionally,":[168],"aspartic":[169],"acid":[170],"glutamate":[172,259],"highest":[174,231],"VWC,":[178,238],"implying":[179],"well-watered":[180],"condition":[181],"has":[182],"capacity":[186],"nitrate":[188],"ammonium":[190],"plant":[194],"leaf":[195],"tissue.":[196],"Glycine,":[197],"histidine,":[198],"proline,":[199],"fructose,":[200],"glucose":[202],"increased":[204,255],"decreased,":[207],"indicating":[208,239],"that":[209,269,307],"these":[210,245],"metabolites":[211,293],"are":[212],"indicators":[213],"stress.":[216],"Linoleic":[217],"acid,":[218],"glucosinolates":[221],"glucoiberin,":[222],"progoitrin,":[223],"sinigrin,":[224],"total":[226],"phenolic":[227],"0.25":[235],"moderate":[240],"stress":[242,253,272,291],"may":[243,319],"specific":[246],"metabolites.":[247],"From":[248],"pathway":[250],"analysis,":[251],"alanine,":[256],"aspartate,":[257],"glycine,":[262],"serine,":[263],"threonine":[265],"metabolism.":[266],"Deficit":[267],"induce":[270],"impacted":[273],"plants":[275,318],"decreasing":[277],"(A,":[279],"E,":[280],"gs)":[282],"parameters":[283],"metabolite":[285,312],"(carotenoids,":[286],"chlorophylls)":[287],"concentrations,":[288],"while":[289],"induced":[292],"such":[294],"proline":[296],"glutamate.":[298],"Thus,":[299],"this":[300],"study":[301],"utilized":[302],"comprehensive":[304],"methodology":[306],"connects":[308],"morphophysiological":[309],"biochemical":[311],"information":[313],"demonstrates":[315],"how":[316],"integrate":[320],"growth":[321]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2017-02-24T00:00:00"}