{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2588055858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.86.16_supplement.p4.064","title":"Relationship of Reaction Time to Perception and Volitionally Delayed Response (P4.064)","display_name":"Relationship of Reaction Time to Perception and Volitionally Delayed Response (P4.064)","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-04-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2588055858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.86.16_supplement.p4.064","mag":"2588055858"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1212/wnl.86.16_supplement.p4.064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.86.16_supplement.p4.064","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.86.16_supplement.p4.064","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79704628","display_name":"Neurology","issn_l":"0028-3878","issn":["0028-3878","1526-632X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028839905","display_name":"Kimford J. Meador","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7471-882X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7471-882X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kimford Meador","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088890091","display_name":"David W. Loring","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2497-1074","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2497-1074"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Loring","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emory Univ,  Dept of Neurology Atlanta GA United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory Univ,  Dept of Neurology Atlanta GA United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16456298,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"86","issue":"16_supplement","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11997","display_name":"Free Will and Agency","score":0.9765999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11997","display_name":"Free Will and Agency","score":0.9765999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.016699999570846558,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reaction-time","display_name":"reaction time","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conscious-perception","display_name":"conscious perception","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delayed-response","display_name":"delayed response","score":0.49799999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/choice-reaction-time","display_name":"choice reaction time","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple-reaction-time","display_name":"simple reaction time","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/response-inhibition","display_name":"response inhibition","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individual-differences","display_name":"individual differences","score":0.6819999814033508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.6365450620651245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5505892038345337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.46410071849823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.39604490995407104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.13244634866714478}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1212/wnl.86.16_supplement.p4.064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.86.16_supplement.p4.064","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.86.16_supplement.p4.064","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79704628","display_name":"Neurology","issn_l":"0028-3878","issn":["0028-3878","1526-632X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2648280245","https://openalex.org/W2009414135","https://openalex.org/W634910919","https://openalex.org/W7215632174","https://openalex.org/W6959917027","https://openalex.org/W303647009","https://openalex.org/W2073236899","https://openalex.org/W2414418536","https://openalex.org/W2800200964","https://openalex.org/W2045460138"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objective:":[0],"Demonstrate":[1],"patterns":[2],"of":[3,45,67,78,156,255],"immediate":[4,138,218,240,275],"vs.":[5,219],"volitionally":[6,58],"delayed":[7,17,59,68,141,220,230],"reaction":[8,36,90],"times.":[9],"Background:":[10],"Libet":[11],"posited":[12],"that":[13,279],"perceptual":[14],"awareness":[15],"is":[16],"several":[18],"hundred":[19],"ms":[20],"and":[21,65,88,116,139,177,180,191,199,202,258],"then":[22],"subjectively":[23],"tagged":[24],"back":[25],"in":[26,94,113,123,144,188,210,222],"time":[27,37,91],"to":[28,107,282,287],"the":[29,46,63,274],"primary":[30],"evoked":[31],"potential.":[32],"Although":[33],"a":[34,48,53,102,109,252,261],"standard":[35],"response":[38,142,276,286],"can":[39],"begin":[40],"before":[41,55],"actual":[42],"conscious":[43],"perception":[44,288],"stimulus,":[47],"subject":[49,153],"must":[50],"first":[51],"perceive":[52],"stimulus":[54,134],"beginning":[56],"their":[57],"response.":[60],"We":[61],"investigated":[62],"pattern":[64],"magnitude":[66],"responses.":[69],"Methods:":[70],"Two":[71],"experiments":[72],"were":[73,84,149,165,215,237,245,265],"conducted":[74],"on":[75,86,296],"separate":[76],"cohorts":[77],"healthy":[79,171,193],"subjects":[80,280],"(n=16;":[81],"n=18).":[82],"Subjects":[83,105,168],"tested":[85],"simple":[87,231],"choice":[89,268],"(RT)":[92],"tasks":[93],"two":[95],"conditions":[96],"(i.e.,":[97],"responding":[98],"immediately":[99],"or":[100],"after":[101],"volitional":[103,111],"delay).":[104],"tried":[106],"produce":[108],"\u201cslight\u201d":[110],"delay":[112,121,254,285],"both":[114],"experiments,":[115],"also":[117,290],"an":[118,297],"estimated":[119],"\u201c50[percnt]\u201d":[120],"condition":[122,127],"experiment":[124],"2.":[125,212],"Each":[126],"had":[128,281],"four":[129],"runs":[130],"with":[131,249,260],"approximately":[132],"50":[133],"trials":[135],"each":[136,152,155],"(X2":[137],"X2":[140],"given":[143],"ABBA":[145],"sequence).":[146],"Median":[147],"responses":[148],"calculated":[150],"for":[151,154,217,229,267],"condition.":[157],"Repeated":[158],"measures":[159],"2X2":[160],"(condition":[161],"X":[162],"time)":[163],"ANOVAs":[164],"performed.":[166],"Results:":[167],"included":[169],"16":[170],"adults,":[172,194],"14":[173],"dextrals,":[174,196],"10":[175,200],"women":[176,198],"6":[178],"men,":[179,201],"mean":[181,203],"age":[182,204],"=":[183,205],"33":[184],"years":[185,207],"(range":[186,208],"18-81)":[187],"Experiment":[189,211],"1,":[190],"18":[192],"17":[195],"8":[197],"23":[206],"19-34)":[209],"Significant":[213],"differences":[214,228],"seen":[216],"RTs":[221,232,244],"all":[223],"contrasts.":[224],"Average":[225],"group":[226],"median":[227,253],"ranged":[233],"360-625ms;":[234],"these":[235],"delays":[236],"larger":[238,272],"than":[239,273],"RTs.":[241,269],"More":[242],"interestingly,":[243],"dichotomous":[246],"across":[247],"individuals":[248],"78[percnt]":[250],"exhibited":[251],"about":[256],"580ms,":[257],"22[percnt]":[259],"138ms":[262],"delay.":[263],"Differences":[264],"less":[266],"Conclusions:":[270],"Delays":[271],"times":[277],"suggests":[278],"not":[283],"only":[284],"but":[289],"overcome":[291],"inhibitory":[292],"processes,":[293],"which":[294],"vary":[295],"individual":[298],"level.":[299]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-22T23:10:17.713674","created_date":"2017-02-24T00:00:00"}
