{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2587956346","doi":null,"title":"Testing the Effectiveness of Citizen Science Using a Volunteer Butterfly Monitoring Program","display_name":"Testing the Effectiveness of Citizen Science Using a Volunteer Butterfly Monitoring Program","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-02-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2587956346","mag":"2587956346"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:uwspace.uwaterloo.ca:10012/8270","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10012/8270","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10012/8270","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401661","display_name":"UWSpace (University of Waterloo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","host_organization_name":"University of Waterloo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Master Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10012/8270","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016905902","display_name":"Charlotte Moore","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Charlotte Moore","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016905902"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11974","display_name":"Lepidoptera: Biology and Taxonomy","score":0.6894999742507935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11974","display_name":"Lepidoptera: Biology and Taxonomy","score":0.6894999742507935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10895","display_name":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","score":0.14980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2302","display_name":"Ecological Modeling"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10005","display_name":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","score":0.06669999659061432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citizen-science","display_name":"citizen science","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/butterfly-monitoring","display_name":"butterfly monitoring","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volunteer-observers","display_name":"volunteer observers","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/butterfly-assemblages","display_name":"butterfly assemblages","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-based-monitoring","display_name":"community-based monitoring","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-control","display_name":"quality control","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/species-richness","display_name":"species richness","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biodiversity-index","display_name":"biodiversity indices","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indicator-species","display_name":"indicator species","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-ecological-monitoring","display_name":"long-term ecological monitoring","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kitchener-ontario","display_name":"Kitchener, Ontario","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waterloo-region","display_name":"Waterloo Region","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-parks","display_name":"urban parks","score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-areas","display_name":"natural areas","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline-conditions","display_name":"baseline conditions","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/habitat-complexity","display_name":"habitat complexity","score":0.47099998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biodiversity-conservation-planning","display_name":"biodiversity conservation planning","score":0.3499999940395355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197352329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1093434","display_name":"Citizen science","level":2,"score":0.7635306119918823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778605236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1018085","display_name":"Butterfly","level":2,"score":0.7437533140182495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776768635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3427301","display_name":"Volunteer","level":2,"score":0.4317290186882019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.39787033200263977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.33131852746009827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3300166130065918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2316071093082428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14732322096824646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.1285741627216339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.12476742267608643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.11777690052986145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.07379704713821411}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:uwspace.uwaterloo.ca:10012/8270","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10012/8270","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10012/8270","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401661","display_name":"UWSpace (University of Waterloo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","host_organization_name":"University of Waterloo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Master Thesis"},{"id":"mag:2587956346","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://uwspace.uwaterloo.ca/handle/10012/8270","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:uwspace.uwaterloo.ca:10012/8270","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10012/8270","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10012/8270","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401661","display_name":"UWSpace (University of Waterloo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","host_organization_name":"University of Waterloo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Master Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8125,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2587956346.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2587956346.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":87,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18762325","https://openalex.org/W32536800","https://openalex.org/W61562365","https://openalex.org/W130925041","https://openalex.org/W195025064","https://openalex.org/W248575897","https://openalex.org/W1484255855","https://openalex.org/W1499280829","https://openalex.org/W1522797875","https://openalex.org/W1540758635","https://openalex.org/W1567956191","https://openalex.org/W1572607609","https://openalex.org/W1922143251","https://openalex.org/W1969402891","https://openalex.org/W1973383209","https://openalex.org/W1973755975","https://openalex.org/W1980032858","https://openalex.org/W1980198451","https://openalex.org/W1981447228","https://openalex.org/W1983608031","https://openalex.org/W1984089815","https://openalex.org/W1987172718","https://openalex.org/W1992826417","https://openalex.org/W1996525987","https://openalex.org/W1999392262","https://openalex.org/W2002258037","https://openalex.org/W2003485756","https://openalex.org/W2005463895","https://openalex.org/W2007900882","https://openalex.org/W2009348643","https://openalex.org/W2011351341","https://openalex.org/W2017745097","https://openalex.org/W2022751627","https://openalex.org/W2025628792","https://openalex.org/W2030210753","https://openalex.org/W2031342507","https://openalex.org/W2037159992","https://openalex.org/W2038212760","https://openalex.org/W2041202762","https://openalex.org/W2041404167","https://openalex.org/W2050626209","https://openalex.org/W2052655283","https://openalex.org/W2052773069","https://openalex.org/W2060877939","https://openalex.org/W2064630646","https://openalex.org/W2070245241","https://openalex.org/W2070752000","https://openalex.org/W2075071606","https://openalex.org/W2075519980","https://openalex.org/W2081032588","https://openalex.org/W2081988732","https://openalex.org/W2085261693","https://openalex.org/W2086441940","https://openalex.org/W2090827774","https://openalex.org/W2092597671","https://openalex.org/W2097852684","https://openalex.org/W2100239707","https://openalex.org/W2100704846","https://openalex.org/W2102299211","https://openalex.org/W2110026580","https://openalex.org/W2119754244","https://openalex.org/W2121695034","https://openalex.org/W2123094102","https://openalex.org/W2128564403","https://openalex.org/W2134659627","https://openalex.org/W2150234475","https://openalex.org/W2150988703","https://openalex.org/W2151915598","https://openalex.org/W2152608856","https://openalex.org/W2157049518","https://openalex.org/W2163326970","https://openalex.org/W2164639147","https://openalex.org/W2166658986","https://openalex.org/W2167101186","https://openalex.org/W2176950943","https://openalex.org/W2180171677","https://openalex.org/W2217226222","https://openalex.org/W2248593598","https://openalex.org/W2315990401","https://openalex.org/W2320432931","https://openalex.org/W2323177515","https://openalex.org/W2333551009","https://openalex.org/W2334369188","https://openalex.org/W2542728102","https://openalex.org/W2618757379","https://openalex.org/W2746485780","https://openalex.org/W3210150310"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2111899279","https://openalex.org/W2735045315","https://openalex.org/W7134821706","https://openalex.org/W2397004235","https://openalex.org/W2902314529","https://openalex.org/W2575564988","https://openalex.org/W2527305668","https://openalex.org/W7058320106","https://openalex.org/W2964282354","https://openalex.org/W7165848207"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"increasingly":[1],"popular":[2],"method":[3],"of":[4,44,54,86,117,122,156,159,177,204,224,243,342,344,354,362,378,380,403,435,459],"collecting":[5,407],"scientific":[6],"data":[7,91,228,268],"is":[8],"to":[9,28,50,89,101,119,132,136,143,148,152,189,200,215,265,417,432,438],"use":[10,23,158],"citizen":[11,55,447,460],"scientists":[12],"in":[13,33,46,48,58,221,390],"\\ncommunity-based":[14],"monitoring":[15,21,37,63],"programs.":[16,452],"Numerous":[17],"formal":[18],"and":[19,30,74,163,166,180,210,218,239,255,277,314,327,360,394,437],"community-based":[20],"programs":[22],"butterflies":[24],"as":[25,352],"indicator":[26],"species":[27,196,206,209,244,281,295],"detect":[29],"understand":[31],"changes":[32],"ecosystems.":[34],"A":[35,260],"butterfly":[36,60,72,81,94,167,329,392,409,451],"program":[38,84,429],"was":[39,130,198,233,263,286,289,323,347,383],"established":[40,104],"with":[41],"the":[42,52,93,99,115,120,125,150,160,178,202,205,216,231,241,267,278,293,302,370,375,386,421,433,439],"City":[43,402],"Kitchener":[45,404],"2012,":[47],"order":[49],"measure":[51],"effectiveness":[53],"science":[56,436,461],"observations":[57,184,346,356,364,381],"identifying":[59],"assemblages.":[61,95],"Two":[62],"sites":[64],"were":[65,97,141,173,213,388],"used:":[66],"Lakeside":[67,284,337,358],"Park":[68,285,359],"contained":[69],"relatively":[70],"simple":[71],"habitats,":[73],"Huron":[75,298,332,366],"Natural":[76,299,333,367],"Area":[77,334,368],"which":[78,288,411],"included":[79,181,240],"complex":[80],"habitats.":[82],"\\nThe":[83,227,280],"consisted":[85],"training":[87],"volunteers":[88,134,276,387],"collect":[90],"on":[92,374],"Volunteers":[96],"given":[98],"choice":[100],"monitor":[102,137],"an":[103,145,193],"trail":[105],"at":[106,185,297,331,336,357,365,398,423],"either":[107],"natural":[108,187,425],"area":[109,188],"once":[110],"every":[111],"two":[112],"weeks":[113],"from":[114],"beginning":[116],"May":[118],"end":[121],"August":[123],"using":[124],"modified":[126],"Pollard":[127],"method.":[128],"It":[129,453],"important":[131,175],"train":[133],"how":[135],"butterflies,":[138,157],"so":[139],"they":[140,412],"required":[142],"attend":[144],"instruction":[146],"workshop":[147],"learn":[149],"methods":[151],"be":[153,406],"employed,":[154],"identification":[155],"recording":[161],"form,":[162],"proper":[164],"net":[165],"handling":[168],"techniques.":[169],"Quality":[170],"control":[171],"measures":[172],"another":[174],"component":[176],"program,":[179],"comparing":[182],"volunteer":[183,345],"each":[186,399],"those":[190],"collected":[191,229,274],"by":[192,230,236,271,275,441],"expert.":[194,279],"Each":[195],"observation":[197],"reviewed":[199],"determine":[201],"likelihood":[203],"observation.":[207],"The":[208,222,401],"its":[211],"habitat":[212],"compared":[214],"information":[217],"status":[219],"recorded":[220],"Butterflies":[223],"Waterloo":[225],"Region.":[226],"participants":[232],"analyzed":[234],"separately":[235],"study":[237],"site":[238],"calculation":[242],"richness,":[245],"Shannon-Wiener":[246,303],"Diversity":[247,304,311],"Index":[248,253,305,312,317],"(H),":[249,306],"evenness":[250,307],"value,":[251],"Simpson":[252,256,310,315],"(D),":[254,313],"Reciprocal":[257,316],"(1/D)":[258,318],"values.":[259],"two-tailed":[261],"t-test":[262],"conducted":[264],"compare":[266,414],"(as":[269],"represented":[270],"Shannon":[272],"indexes)":[273],"richness":[282],"for":[283,446,450],"29,":[287],"slightly":[290],"higher":[291],"than":[292,335],"26":[294],"identified":[296],"Area.":[300],"However,":[301],"value":[308],"(E),":[309],"all":[319],"demonstrated":[320],"that":[321,385],"there":[322],"a":[324,443],"more":[325],"even":[326],"diverse":[328],"population":[330],"Park.":[338],"\\nA":[339],"high":[340,376],"level":[341,377],"validity":[343,379],"found":[348],"during":[349],"this":[350],"study,":[351],"93%":[353],"submitted":[355,363],"94%":[361],"passed":[369],"review":[371,444],"process.":[372],"Based":[373],"it":[382],"determined":[384],"successful":[389],"characterizing":[391],"assemblages,":[393],"establishing":[395,442],"baseline":[396],"conditions":[397],"site.":[400],"will":[405],"long-term":[408],"data,":[410],"can":[413],"over":[415],"time":[416],"provide":[418],"insight":[419],"into":[420],"diversity":[422],"these":[424],"areas.":[426],"\\nThis":[427],"research":[428],"has":[430,454],"contributed":[431],"field":[434],"literature":[440],"process":[445],"science,":[448],"particularly":[449],"also":[455],"provided":[456],"further":[457],"validation":[458],"data.":[462]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2017-02-24T00:00:00"}
