{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2587637567","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21144/eq1020101","title":"Models of Discount Window Lending: A Review","display_name":"Models of Discount Window Lending: A Review","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-02-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2587637567","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21144/eq1020101","mag":"2587637567"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21144/eq1020101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21144/eq1020101","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21144/eq1020101","pdf_url":"https://www.richmondfed.org/-/media/richmondfedorg/publications/research/economic_quarterly/2016/q1/ennis.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764398645","display_name":"Economic quarterly - Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond","issn_l":"1069-7225","issn":["1069-7225","2163-4556"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Economic Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.richmondfed.org/-/media/richmondfedorg/publications/research/economic_quarterly/2016/q1/ennis.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1317239608","display_name":"Federal Reserve","ror":"https://ror.org/05fk5tr28","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1317239608"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158875","display_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond","ror":"https://ror.org/058pmah25","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1317239608","https://openalex.org/I4210158875"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal Reserve Banks - Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal Reserve Banks - Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1317239608","https://openalex.org/I4210158875"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Huberto Ennis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huberto Ennis","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1317239608","https://openalex.org/I4210158875"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5901,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85334856,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"102","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"50"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10127","display_name":"Banking stability, regulation, efficiency","score":0.9634000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10127","display_name":"Banking stability, regulation, efficiency","score":0.9634000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":0.0284000001847744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12137","display_name":"Economic theories and models","score":0.005200000014156103,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discount-window-lending","display_name":"discount window lending","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lender-of-last-resort","display_name":"lender of last resort","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monetary-policy","display_name":"monetary policy","score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/banking-crisis","display_name":"banking crisis","score":0.37299999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquidity-provision","display_name":"liquidity provision","score":0.36800000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778751112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835016","display_name":"Window (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6490185260772705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.5581023693084717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778363899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23900955","display_name":"Window of opportunity","level":2,"score":0.5136770606040955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5057604312896729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118084267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26110","display_name":"Positive economics","level":1,"score":0.43823620676994324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3617522120475769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.360094279050827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.3589387536048889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21144/eq1020101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21144/eq1020101","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21144/eq1020101","pdf_url":"https://www.richmondfed.org/-/media/richmondfedorg/publications/research/economic_quarterly/2016/q1/ennis.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764398645","display_name":"Economic quarterly - Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond","issn_l":"1069-7225","issn":["1069-7225","2163-4556"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Economic Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21144/eq1020101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21144/eq1020101","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21144/eq1020101","pdf_url":"https://www.richmondfed.org/-/media/richmondfedorg/publications/research/economic_quarterly/2016/q1/ennis.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764398645","display_name":"Economic quarterly - Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond","issn_l":"1069-7225","issn":["1069-7225","2163-4556"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Economic Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2587637567.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2587637567.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W163293550","https://openalex.org/W1490290741","https://openalex.org/W1508198902","https://openalex.org/W1515445676","https://openalex.org/W1545420549","https://openalex.org/W1559496943","https://openalex.org/W1564078074","https://openalex.org/W1585562385","https://openalex.org/W1595501262","https://openalex.org/W1980170456","https://openalex.org/W1990716897","https://openalex.org/W1995330079","https://openalex.org/W2019261312","https://openalex.org/W2020400503","https://openalex.org/W2031229145","https://openalex.org/W2044737230","https://openalex.org/W2044766597","https://openalex.org/W2048439077","https://openalex.org/W2050133173","https://openalex.org/W2070066727","https://openalex.org/W2073171162","https://openalex.org/W2077113452","https://openalex.org/W2090829765","https://openalex.org/W2097872717","https://openalex.org/W2108692141","https://openalex.org/W2108817744","https://openalex.org/W2117276244","https://openalex.org/W2120069930","https://openalex.org/W2130829530","https://openalex.org/W2140358882","https://openalex.org/W2142889277","https://openalex.org/W2152999879","https://openalex.org/W2155530921","https://openalex.org/W2156625082","https://openalex.org/W2157006268","https://openalex.org/W2157509893","https://openalex.org/W2158174346","https://openalex.org/W2161427421","https://openalex.org/W2163369381","https://openalex.org/W2172050511","https://openalex.org/W2580649458","https://openalex.org/W2602784347","https://openalex.org/W2890619015","https://openalex.org/W2890758903","https://openalex.org/W3020927974","https://openalex.org/W3022168844","https://openalex.org/W3022974258","https://openalex.org/W3121368770","https://openalex.org/W3121562128","https://openalex.org/W3122194806","https://openalex.org/W3123011516","https://openalex.org/W3123574030","https://openalex.org/W3123703631","https://openalex.org/W3123729571","https://openalex.org/W3124114405","https://openalex.org/W3125289122","https://openalex.org/W4231471424","https://openalex.org/W4236584637","https://openalex.org/W4241162125","https://openalex.org/W4248503640","https://openalex.org/W4292330976","https://openalex.org/W4298245002","https://openalex.org/W4298356713","https://openalex.org/W4298366544","https://openalex.org/W4298417493","https://openalex.org/W4300623377","https://openalex.org/W4388167966","https://openalex.org/W6642485456","https://openalex.org/W6682859960"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1491411112","https://openalex.org/W1555232369","https://openalex.org/W7019739010","https://openalex.org/W1589503176","https://openalex.org/W1853869422","https://openalex.org/W1572328378","https://openalex.org/W1986810538","https://openalex.org/W2890378673","https://openalex.org/W4411506291","https://openalex.org/W1531690731"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"I":[0,19,38,252],"have":[1],"made":[2],"a":[3,46,61,72,81,87,93,128,219,236],"systematic":[4],"analysis":[5],"of":[6,50,63,74,77,83,90,95,124,152,159,173,185,190,245,289,294],"discounting":[7],"in":[8,108,187,240,276],"my":[9,280],"little":[10],"book,":[11],"A":[12],"Program":[13],"for":[14,250,272],"Monetary":[15],"Stability.Any":[16],"answers":[17],"that":[18,35,116,162,188,194,204,223,228,233],"might":[20],"give":[21],"to":[22,92,104,120,140,143,156,200,210,216,255],"your":[23],"questions":[24,97,106],"now":[25],"would":[26,253],"be":[27,133],"more":[28,241],"o\u00a4":[29],"hand":[30],"and":[31,135,196,212,225,238,269,282],"less":[32],"satisfactory":[33],"than":[34],"statement.\"-Milton":[36],"Friedman":[37,113],"n":[39],"July":[40],"1968,":[41],"the":[42,51,58,67,84,99,105,109,122,137,145,149,160,171,198,205,231,287,290,297],"Federal":[43,52,68,291,298],"Reserve":[44,53,69,292,299],"released":[45],"report":[47,56],"titled":[48],"\"Reappraisal":[49],"Discount":[54],"Mechanism.\"The":[55],"contained":[57],"conclusions":[59],"from":[60,164,230],"series":[62],"studies":[64,79],"conducted":[65],"by":[66,86],"System":[70],"during":[71],"period":[73],"three":[75],"years.One":[76],"these":[78],"was":[80],"compilation":[82],"responses":[85],"large":[88],"group":[89],"academics":[91],"set":[94],"eight":[96],"about":[98],"subject.Milton":[100],"Friedman's":[101],"(complete)":[102],"answer":[103],"appears":[107],"quote":[110],"above.I":[111],"interpret":[112],"as":[114],"saying":[115],"if":[117],"one":[118],"wants":[119],"assess":[121],"extent":[123],"knowledge":[125],"on":[126,148,170],"how":[127,215],"discount":[129,206],"window":[130,207],"institution":[131],"should":[132],"structured":[134],"operated,":[136],"best":[138,217],"way":[139],"proceed":[141],"is":[142,155,178,208,235],"study":[144,239],"existing":[146],"literature":[147,169],"subject.The":[150],"objective":[151],"this":[153,277],"essay":[154],"summarize":[157],"some":[158],"ideas":[161],"come":[163],"doing":[165],"just":[166],"that.The":[167],"academic":[168],"lender":[172],"last":[174],"resort":[175],"(LLR)":[176],"policy":[177,221],"extensive.There":[179],"are":[180,279],"(at":[181],"least)":[182],"two":[183],"kinds":[184],"papers":[186,193,227],"body":[189],"work:":[191],"(1)":[192],"explain":[195],"formalize":[197],"barriers":[199],"perfect":[201],"market":[202],"functioning":[203],"trying":[209],"address":[211],"then":[213],"discuss":[214],"run":[218],"LLR":[220,237],"given":[222],"situation;":[224],"(2)":[226],"start":[229],"premise":[232],"there":[234],"detail":[242],"particular":[243],"aspects":[244],"its":[246],"organization":[247],"-such":[248],"as,":[249],"example,":[251],"like":[254],"thank":[256],"Beth":[257],"Klee,":[258],"Je\u00a4":[259],"Lacker,":[260],"Allen":[261],"Sirolly,":[262],"Nico":[263],"Trachter,":[264],"Alex":[265],"Wolman,":[266],"John":[267],"Weinberg,":[268],"Steve":[270],"Williamson":[271],"comments.The":[273],"views":[274,288],"expressed":[275],"article":[278],"own":[281],"do":[283],"not":[284],"necessarily":[285],"represent":[286],"Bank":[293],"Richmond":[295],"or":[296],"System.":[300]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2017-02-17T00:00:00"}
