{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2586777256","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105181","title":"Returns to farm child labor in Tanzania","display_name":"Returns to farm child labor in Tanzania","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2586777256","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105181","mag":"2586777256"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105181","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105181","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85457386","display_name":"World Development","issn_l":"0305-750X","issn":["0305-750X","1873-5991"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107341407","display_name":"Pierre Andr\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0737-2993","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0737-2993","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1430-610X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097546","display_name":"Th\u00e9orie \u00c9conomique, Mod\u00e9lisation et Applications","ror":"https://ror.org/00vctdx48","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124261006","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210097546","https://openalex.org/I4210142324","https://openalex.org/I4210150854"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142324","display_name":"CY Cergy Paris Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/043htjv09","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142324"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pierre Andr\u00e9","raw_affiliation_strings":["THEMA, CY Cergy Paris Universit\u00e9, CNRS, 33 bd du Port, F-95000 Cergy, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"THEMA, CY Cergy Paris Universit\u00e9, CNRS, 33 bd du Port, F-95000 Cergy, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210097546","https://openalex.org/I4210142324"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106500144","display_name":"Esther Delesalle","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166444","display_name":"Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement","ror":"https://ror.org/05q3vnk25","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I4210090127","https://openalex.org/I4210131494","https://openalex.org/I4210166444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","display_name":"UCLouvain","ror":"https://ror.org/02495e989","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}],"countries":["BE","FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esther Delesalle","raw_affiliation_strings":["IRES/LIDAM, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, and IRD, UMR LEDa-DIAL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRES/LIDAM, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, and IRD, UMR LEDa-DIAL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038033314","display_name":"Christelle Dumas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6034-7239","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6034-7239"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154338468","display_name":"University of Fribourg","ror":"https://ror.org/022fs9h90","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154338468"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christelle Dumas","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Fribourg, Bd de Perolles 90, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Fribourg, Bd de Perolles 90, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154338468"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038033314"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154338468"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2600},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7037,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87096208,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"138","issue":null,"first_page":"105181","last_page":"105181"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11556","display_name":"Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11556","display_name":"Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11544","display_name":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-labor","display_name":"child labor","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-productivity","display_name":"agricultural productivity","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-enrollment","display_name":"student enrollment","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-cash-transfers","display_name":"conditional cash transfers","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universal-education","display_name":"universal education","score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tanzania","display_name":"Tanzania","score":0.5659999847412109}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779357621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655495","display_name":"Tanzania","level":2,"score":0.8717665672302246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779490853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3537504","display_name":"Conditional cash transfer","level":3,"score":0.7257291078567505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.7024965882301331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5946993231773376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68359772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185715","display_name":"Opportunity cost","level":2,"score":0.5713576674461365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778502840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16669466","display_name":"Cash transfers","level":3,"score":0.5640100836753845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.560722291469574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.5597051382064819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.5443778038024902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778083465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693464","display_name":"Cash","level":2,"score":0.5382061004638672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5352905988693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158830683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411457","display_name":"Transfer payment","level":3,"score":0.49840331077575684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.4539177715778351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.44286662340164185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128383755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3816336","display_name":"Agricultural productivity","level":3,"score":0.4388493299484253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776175482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195816","display_name":"Transfer (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4371849000453949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777464741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192571","display_name":"Child labour","level":3,"score":0.42793452739715576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.41875749826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180518391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355217","display_name":"Time allocation","level":2,"score":0.41388773918151855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780892066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1591167","display_name":"Household income","level":2,"score":0.4137257933616638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.40362265706062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.21589171886444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.19577783346176147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.1665629744529724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.15832296013832092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.12471756339073181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.10788610577583313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.10590860247612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133425853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60571","display_name":"Neoclassical economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105181","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105181","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85457386","display_name":"World Development","issn_l":"0305-750X","issn":["0305-750X","1873-5991"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03637676v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://cyu.hal.science/hal-03637676","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"World Development, 2021, 138, pp.105-181. ⟨10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105181⟩","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.9211000204086304,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"display_name":"No poverty","score":0.8928999900817871,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"},{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.6875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"},{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.5385000109672546,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490477913","https://openalex.org/W1520725803","https://openalex.org/W1645938949","https://openalex.org/W1814560945","https://openalex.org/W2005167320","https://openalex.org/W2012734657","https://openalex.org/W2025861657","https://openalex.org/W2046577559","https://openalex.org/W2059599153","https://openalex.org/W2063887155","https://openalex.org/W2064876018","https://openalex.org/W2089150307","https://openalex.org/W2093168507","https://openalex.org/W2099557350","https://openalex.org/W2100634227","https://openalex.org/W2128075586","https://openalex.org/W2128638182","https://openalex.org/W2132359054","https://openalex.org/W2134405388","https://openalex.org/W2136982215","https://openalex.org/W2149187702","https://openalex.org/W2151611242","https://openalex.org/W2154117974","https://openalex.org/W2171820889","https://openalex.org/W2221052743","https://openalex.org/W2264264458","https://openalex.org/W2272925974","https://openalex.org/W2485964998","https://openalex.org/W2509292253","https://openalex.org/W2535170582","https://openalex.org/W2560637294","https://openalex.org/W2595110396","https://openalex.org/W2752938894","https://openalex.org/W2782203857","https://openalex.org/W2795788564","https://openalex.org/W2892008022","https://openalex.org/W2902122456","https://openalex.org/W2914636868","https://openalex.org/W3122059187","https://openalex.org/W3122199449","https://openalex.org/W3123336253","https://openalex.org/W3123615059","https://openalex.org/W3124059255","https://openalex.org/W3125238432","https://openalex.org/W3128713044","https://openalex.org/W4212954358"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2206200845","https://openalex.org/W7101244679","https://openalex.org/W1851862258","https://openalex.org/W293935952","https://openalex.org/W7095238265","https://openalex.org/W4395454251","https://openalex.org/W55616527","https://openalex.org/W4391037477","https://openalex.org/W4287855186","https://openalex.org/W7057447745"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-25T09:29:13.331239","created_date":"2017-02-17T00:00:00"}