{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2586740922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ted.2017.2654460","title":"Automatic Hot Test of Gyrotron-Traveling Wave Tubes by Adaptive PID Feedback Control","display_name":"Automatic Hot Test of Gyrotron-Traveling Wave Tubes by Adaptive PID Feedback Control","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-02-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2586740922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ted.2017.2654460","mag":"2586740922"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ted.2017.2654460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ted.2017.2654460","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ted.2017.2654460","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S162355128","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices","issn_l":"0018-9383","issn":["0018-9383","1557-9646"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037135597","display_name":"Guo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6721-0289","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6721-0289"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6721-0289","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100641625","display_name":"Zhaodong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8097-7481","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8097-7481"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaodong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103052363","display_name":"Guohui Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8141-7921","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8141-7921"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guohui Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005393726","display_name":"Ran Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9676-8628","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9676-8628"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ran Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054336603","display_name":"Yong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9580-4823","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9580-4823"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101980558","display_name":"Jianxun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2330-4002","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2330-4002","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2119-7565"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianxun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078232846","display_name":"Youlei Pu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4564-6473","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4564-6473"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youlei Pu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087961726","display_name":"Wei Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1252-0949","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1252-0949"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0275,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72301454,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"3","first_page":"1310","last_page":"1314"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11175","display_name":"Gyrotron and Vacuum Electronics Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11175","display_name":"Gyrotron and Vacuum Electronics Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11367","display_name":"Particle accelerators and beam dynamics","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10781","display_name":"Low-Pressure Plasma Processing and Diagnostics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gyrotron-traveling-wave-tube","display_name":"gyro-TWT","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/output-power-stabilization","display_name":"output power stabilization","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-current-control","display_name":"beam current control","score":0.9369999766349792}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47116090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q716829","display_name":"PID controller","level":3,"score":0.8733447790145874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777272912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254606","display_name":"Gyrotron","level":3,"score":0.865386962890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142803427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1164091","display_name":"Traveling-wave tube","level":4,"score":0.6979556083679199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.664474368095398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5560457706451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5427676439285278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.48188477754592896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.41269171237945557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.40095987915992737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2791377305984497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.22366011142730713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536315585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698332","display_name":"Temperature control","level":2,"score":0.22006669640541077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1934550702571869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.19286736845970154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.13318592309951782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.10028457641601562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08718150854110718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.07087230682373047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ted.2017.2654460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ted.2017.2654460","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ted.2017.2654460","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S162355128","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices","issn_l":"0018-9383","issn":["0018-9383","1557-9646"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4943999946117401,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963994463","https://openalex.org/W2021108388","https://openalex.org/W2028151408","https://openalex.org/W2032445571","https://openalex.org/W2034726314","https://openalex.org/W2037901800","https://openalex.org/W2049691296","https://openalex.org/W2061355126","https://openalex.org/W2078819298","https://openalex.org/W2146559141","https://openalex.org/W2190528546","https://openalex.org/W2323055469","https://openalex.org/W6662928831"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2794002859","https://openalex.org/W2799868534","https://openalex.org/W2946218901","https://openalex.org/W1963994463","https://openalex.org/W6995890073","https://openalex.org/W2078819298","https://openalex.org/W2050208024","https://openalex.org/W2565723885","https://openalex.org/W2783497903","https://openalex.org/W2592245823"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1,134],"of":[2,14,39,54,107,120,130],"great":[3],"importance":[4],"in":[5],"many":[6],"applications":[7],"to":[8,30],"provide":[9],"a":[10,15,21,96],"stable":[11],"output":[12,93,132],"power":[13,46,69,94,109,133],"gyrotron-traveling":[16],"wave":[17],"tube":[18],"(gyro-TWT)":[19],"during":[20],"long":[22],"operation":[23],"time":[24],"(over":[25],"several":[26],"hours).":[27],"In":[28],"order":[29],"achieve":[31],"this":[32],"goal,":[33],"an":[34,51],"automatic":[35],"hot":[36,118],"test":[37,119],"platform":[38],"gyro-TWTs":[40,122],"was":[41,48],"set":[42],"up":[43],"and":[44,70,87,89,113],"the":[45,61,66,78,84,92,105,108,121,125,131],"stabilization":[47],"obtained":[49],"by":[50,60,65],"adaptive":[52],"scheme":[53],"proportional":[55],"integral":[56],"derivative":[57],"(PID)":[58],"feedback":[59,127],"beam":[62,72,85],"current":[63,86],"controlled":[64],"filament":[67],"heating":[68],"cathode-anode":[71],"voltage.":[73],"With":[74],"determined":[75],"operating":[76],"parameters,":[77],"PID":[79,99,126],"controller":[80],"can":[81,102],"adaptively":[82],"adjust":[83],"voltage,":[88],"then":[90],"maintain":[91],"on":[95],"target.":[97],"This":[98],"controlling":[100,128],"process":[101],"effectively":[103],"eliminate":[104],"influence":[106],"supply":[110],"voltage":[111],"surge":[112],"cathode":[114],"emission":[115],"instability.":[116],"Automatic":[117],"shows":[123],"that":[124],"accuracy":[129],"better":[135],"than":[136],"2%.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2017-02-17T00:00:00"}