{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2585239554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.13588","title":"Binding of Caffeine and Quinine by Whey Protein and the Effect on Bitterness","display_name":"Binding of Caffeine and Quinine by Whey Protein and the Effect on Bitterness","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2585239554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.13588","mag":"2585239554","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28140463"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/1750-3841.13588","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.13588","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.13588","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23579880","display_name":"Journal of Food Science","issn_l":"0022-1147","issn":["0022-1147","1750-3841"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Food Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080568581","display_name":"Kelsey Tenney","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kelsey Tenney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State Univ., and Inst. of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, Heriot-Watt Univ., Edinburgh, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State Univ., and Inst. of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, Heriot-Watt Univ., Edinburgh, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515","https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065064930","display_name":"John E. Hayes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9065-6326","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9065-6326"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Hayes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State Univ., and Inst. of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, Heriot-Watt Univ., Edinburgh, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State Univ., and Inst. of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, Heriot-Watt Univ., Edinburgh, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515","https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049094061","display_name":"Stephen Robert Euston","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1869-6846","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1869-6846"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Euston","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State Univ., and Inst. of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, Heriot-Watt Univ., Edinburgh, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State Univ., and Inst. of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, Heriot-Watt Univ., Edinburgh, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515","https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080861925","display_name":"Ryan J. Elias","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8416-8772","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8416-8772"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan Elias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State Univ., and Inst. of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, Heriot-Watt Univ., Edinburgh, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State Univ., and Inst. of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, Heriot-Watt Univ., Edinburgh, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515","https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086434132","display_name":"John Neil Coupland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5167-4898","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5167-4898"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John Coupland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State Univ., and Inst. of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, Heriot-Watt Univ., Edinburgh, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State Univ., and Inst. of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, Heriot-Watt Univ., Edinburgh, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515","https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086434132"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515","https://openalex.org/I32062511"],"apc_list":{"value":4550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6932,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91188549,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"82","issue":"2","first_page":"509","last_page":"516"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10411","display_name":"Proteins in Food Systems","score":0.9014000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10411","display_name":"Proteins in Food Systems","score":0.9014000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11908","display_name":"Protein Interaction Studies and Fluorescence Analysis","score":0.0681999996304512,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11584","display_name":"Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques","score":0.013700000010430813,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caffeine","display_name":"caffeine","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quinine","display_name":"quinine","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/whey-protein-isolate","display_name":"whey protein isolate","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bitterness","display_name":"bitterness","score":0.44600000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beta-lactoglobulin","display_name":"\u03b2-lactoglobulin","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taste-masking","display_name":"taste masking","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-taste","display_name":"drug taste","score":0.43299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-modeling","display_name":"molecular modeling","score":0.41200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binding-energy","display_name":"binding energy","score":0.37599998712539673}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777617192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189522","display_name":"Quinine","level":3,"score":0.9640696048736572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778500429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60235","display_name":"Caffeine","level":2,"score":0.9601064920425415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8868529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124794","display_name":"Taste","level":2,"score":0.6930519342422485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.6828670501708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.6316914558410645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777897731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424430","display_name":"Whey protein","level":2,"score":0.5878504514694214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775900134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424430","display_name":"Whey protein isolate","level":3,"score":0.4829358458518982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.34540536999702454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.15935584902763367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.10091468691825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778048844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12156","display_name":"Malaria","level":2,"score":0.052766114473342896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000067816","descriptor_name":"Whey Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002110","descriptor_name":"Caffeine","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002851","descriptor_name":"Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007782","descriptor_name":"Lactoglobulins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008958","descriptor_name":"Models, Molecular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009584","descriptor_name":"Nitrogen","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011803","descriptor_name":"Quinine","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012463","descriptor_name":"Saliva","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013649","descriptor_name":"Taste","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013816","descriptor_name":"Thermodynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055697","descriptor_name":"Taste Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/1750-3841.13588","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.13588","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.13588","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23579880","display_name":"Journal of Food Science","issn_l":"0022-1147","issn":["0022-1147","1750-3841"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Food Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28140463","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28140463","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of food science","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4706702539","display_name":"CCP-BioSim: Biomolecular Simulation at the Life Sciences Interface","funder_award_id":"EP/M022609/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5758995618","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/M022609/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8476502574","display_name":"The UK High-End Computing Consortium for Biomolecular Simulation","funder_award_id":"EP/L000253/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8947107902","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/L000253/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1747446214","https://openalex.org/W1923510060","https://openalex.org/W1933132794","https://openalex.org/W1963966695","https://openalex.org/W1971560305","https://openalex.org/W1996006776","https://openalex.org/W1999972655","https://openalex.org/W2007685789","https://openalex.org/W2016589902","https://openalex.org/W2024630492","https://openalex.org/W2026505756","https://openalex.org/W2031674548","https://openalex.org/W2032375597","https://openalex.org/W2035622282","https://openalex.org/W2037788435","https://openalex.org/W2047605109","https://openalex.org/W2047906915","https://openalex.org/W2048283809","https://openalex.org/W2053538703","https://openalex.org/W2054316441","https://openalex.org/W2060343376","https://openalex.org/W2061594409","https://openalex.org/W2068989469","https://openalex.org/W2078108182","https://openalex.org/W2079041786","https://openalex.org/W2089398504","https://openalex.org/W2092617167","https://openalex.org/W2096645020","https://openalex.org/W2105668062","https://openalex.org/W2110229610","https://openalex.org/W2119966381","https://openalex.org/W2128467049","https://openalex.org/W2139752415","https://openalex.org/W2152582845","https://openalex.org/W2158534713","https://openalex.org/W2165526004","https://openalex.org/W2171113366","https://openalex.org/W2181122577","https://openalex.org/W2195407133","https://openalex.org/W2316584273","https://openalex.org/W2331419927","https://openalex.org/W2337248032","https://openalex.org/W2784728449","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7171303496","https://openalex.org/W2107890559","https://openalex.org/W2014530883","https://openalex.org/W2059429358","https://openalex.org/W2094710909","https://openalex.org/W6923133360","https://openalex.org/W2750136599","https://openalex.org/W2053538703","https://openalex.org/W2941921899","https://openalex.org/W7203640064"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"drugs":[1],"and":[2,11,16,36,43,99,102,106,164],"phytochemicals":[3],"are":[4],"bitter,":[5],"leading":[6],"to":[7,19,29,69,91,136],"noncompliance":[8],"with":[9,52,62,110,146],"prescriptions":[10],"avoidance":[12],"of":[13,25,33,57,73,80,95,120,125,133,159,167],"healthy":[14],"foods":[15],"a":[17],"need":[18],"suppress":[20],"their":[21],"taste.":[22],"The":[23],"goal":[24],"this":[26],"study":[27],"was":[28,67,77,116,161,171],"investigate":[30],"the":[31,44,55,71,74,84,93,123,131,137,157,165,168,178],"binding":[32,151],"bitterants":[34],"(quinine":[35],"caffeine)":[37],"by":[38],"whey":[39],"protein":[40,63,121],"isolate":[41],"(WPI)":[42],"effect":[45,119],"on":[46,122],"perceived":[47],"bitterness.":[48],"Caffeine":[49],"interacted":[50],"minimally":[51],"WPI,":[53],"while":[54],"proportion":[56],"unbound":[58,179],"quinine":[59,103,134,180],"decreased":[60,130],"exponentially":[61],"concentration.":[64],"Molecular":[65],"modeling":[66],"used":[68,90],"show":[70],"energy":[72],"quinine-\u0392-lactoglubulin":[75],"interaction":[76],"an":[78],"order":[79],"magnitude":[81,158],"greater":[82,172],"than":[83,173],"caffeine-\u0392-lactoglobulin":[85],"interaction.":[86],"Untrained":[87],"assessors":[88],"were":[89],"assess":[92],"bitterness":[94,124,132,166],"caffeine":[96,126],"(1.8,":[97],"5.7,":[98],"18":[100],"mM)":[101,108],"(0.056,":[104],"0.10,":[105],"0.18":[107],"solutions":[109,170],"0%":[111],"or":[112],"1%":[113],"WPI.":[114],"There":[115],"no":[117],"significant":[118],"solutions,":[127],"but":[128],"WPI":[129],"relative":[135],"same":[138],"concentration":[139],"in":[140,153],"water.":[141],"This":[142],"is":[143],"generally":[144],"consistent":[145],"our":[147],"hypothesis":[148],"that":[149],"higher":[150],"results":[152],"lower":[154],"bitterness;":[155],"however":[156],"reduction":[160],"not":[162],"large":[163],"protein-quinine":[169],"would":[174],"be":[175],"expected":[176],"for":[177],"present.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2017-02-10T00:00:00"}