{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2584093692","doi":null,"title":"Corporate governance, institutional investors and firm performance: A comparative study of South Africa and China","display_name":"Corporate governance, institutional investors and firm performance: A comparative study of South Africa and China","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2584093692","mag":"2584093692"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/100105","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/100105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400300","display_name":"SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","host_organization_name":"Stellenbosch University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022442256","display_name":"Qiaowen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7876-5925","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7876-5925"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiaowen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7876-5925","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022442256"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10019","display_name":"Corporate Finance and Governance","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10019","display_name":"Corporate Finance and Governance","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10047","display_name":"Financial Markets and Investment Strategies","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10115","display_name":"Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-investors","display_name":"institutional investors","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-governance","display_name":"corporate governance","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-performance","display_name":"firm performance","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-ownership","display_name":"institutional ownership","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiduciary-duty","display_name":"fiduciary duty","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earnings-management","display_name":"earnings management","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/esg-performance","display_name":"ESG performance","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passive-investors","display_name":"passive investors","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-governance-disclosure","display_name":"corporate governance disclosure","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-africa","display_name":"South Africa","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emerging-markets","display_name":"emerging markets","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/johannesburg-stock-exchange","display_name":"Johannesburg Stock Exchange","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shanghai-and-shenzhen-stock-markets","display_name":"Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-national-comparison","display_name":"cross-national comparison","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stakeholder-interests","display_name":"stakeholder interests","score":0.5170000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.7332181334495544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.7247209548950195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6244053244590759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206757995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665188","display_name":"Institutional investor","level":3,"score":0.423758864402771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.36257439851760864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74363100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273005","display_name":"Economic system","level":1,"score":0.3225024342536926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.24547463655471802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2070581018924713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.18928125500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/100105","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/100105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400300","display_name":"SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","host_organization_name":"Stellenbosch University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:2584093692","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholar.sun.ac.za:443/handle/10019.1/100105","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6601999998092651,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":301,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1825029","https://openalex.org/W26301262","https://openalex.org/W44345518","https://openalex.org/W61162118","https://openalex.org/W78778732","https://openalex.org/W166574412","https://openalex.org/W267199598","https://openalex.org/W566230730","https://openalex.org/W621347443","https://openalex.org/W624638691","https://openalex.org/W933470148","https://openalex.org/W1492194765","https://openalex.org/W1492290678","https://openalex.org/W1498116433","https://openalex.org/W1502166799","https://openalex.org/W1502337702","https://openalex.org/W1509221756","https://openalex.org/W1511269890","https://openalex.org/W1532114097","https://openalex.org/W1542561498","https://openalex.org/W1549559673","https://openalex.org/W1559703893","https://openalex.org/W1566344170","https://openalex.org/W1570166458","https://openalex.org/W1595575180","https://openalex.org/W1602204740","https://openalex.org/W1685749474","https://openalex.org/W1771124220","https://openalex.org/W1807658825","https://openalex.org/W1831817891","https://openalex.org/W1832242010","https://openalex.org/W1887933683","https://openalex.org/W1917497089","https://openalex.org/W1924487692","https://openalex.org/W1941014287","https://openalex.org/W1949455802","https://openalex.org/W1962442490","https://openalex.org/W1965307065","https://openalex.org/W1965629992","https://openalex.org/W1966466119","https://openalex.org/W1968025430","https://openalex.org/W1968095861","https://openalex.org/W1968247225","https://openalex.org/W1971416244","https://openalex.org/W1971763123","https://openalex.org/W1971926591","https://openalex.org/W1974121818","https://openalex.org/W1975341916","https://openalex.org/W1975505396","https://openalex.org/W1975637155","https://openalex.org/W1975873009","https://openalex.org/W1976426261","https://openalex.org/W1978583642","https://openalex.org/W1978968811","https://openalex.org/W1979927021","https://openalex.org/W1980077269","https://openalex.org/W1981160460","https://openalex.org/W1981711288","https://openalex.org/W1982530797","https://openalex.org/W1983156155","https://openalex.org/W1984170696","https://openalex.org/W1984336874","https://openalex.org/W1985392745","https://openalex.org/W1985672759","https://openalex.org/W1985812935","https://openalex.org/W1987000704","https://openalex.org/W1987468906","https://openalex.org/W1989373228","https://openalex.org/W1989548248","https://openalex.org/W1990165187","https://openalex.org/W1991087330","https://openalex.org/W1991191202","https://openalex.org/W1992673151","https://openalex.org/W1992989155","https://openalex.org/W1993109960","https://openalex.org/W1993587286","https://openalex.org/W1993612039","https://openalex.org/W1993663609","https://openalex.org/W1995792757","https://openalex.org/W1996631151","https://openalex.org/W1996778550","https://openalex.org/W1997932947","https://openalex.org/W1999522759","https://openalex.org/W1999987909","https://openalex.org/W2001218442","https://openalex.org/W2001239559","https://openalex.org/W2001782516","https://openalex.org/W2003155564","https://openalex.org/W2004119884","https://openalex.org/W2004825363","https://openalex.org/W2005525451","https://openalex.org/W2006502387","https://openalex.org/W2006506560","https://openalex.org/W2012312789","https://openalex.org/W2012583014","https://openalex.org/W2012663320","https://openalex.org/W2013058758","https://openalex.org/W2014204705","https://openalex.org/W2014968334","https://openalex.org/W2015279658","https://openalex.org/W2015292632","https://openalex.org/W2015366559","https://openalex.org/W2015864290","https://openalex.org/W2015930340","https://openalex.org/W2016978291","https://openalex.org/W2017148857","https://openalex.org/W2017838078","https://openalex.org/W2018160272","https://openalex.org/W2019475822","https://openalex.org/W2020436418","https://openalex.org/W2020823474","https://openalex.org/W2020923488","https://openalex.org/W2022997326","https://openalex.org/W2023759939","https://openalex.org/W2023997277","https://openalex.org/W2026433955","https://openalex.org/W2026921080","https://openalex.org/W2027844013","https://openalex.org/W2028881283","https://openalex.org/W2029675704","https://openalex.org/W2033799950","https://openalex.org/W2035551893","https://openalex.org/W2040042490","https://openalex.org/W2040177771","https://openalex.org/W2040794400","https://openalex.org/W2042060819","https://openalex.org/W2042094671","https://openalex.org/W2045841053","https://openalex.org/W2045989399","https://openalex.org/W2046225261","https://openalex.org/W2046997108","https://openalex.org/W2050489246","https://openalex.org/W2050567696","https://openalex.org/W2051140949","https://openalex.org/W2051697130","https://openalex.org/W2055245534","https://openalex.org/W2055655842","https://openalex.org/W2056392672","https://openalex.org/W2057190074","https://openalex.org/W2058958581","https://openalex.org/W2059750630","https://openalex.org/W2061133943","https://openalex.org/W2061215951","https://openalex.org/W2063313351","https://openalex.org/W2066013777","https://openalex.org/W2066965641","https://openalex.org/W2067171170","https://openalex.org/W2069061329","https://openalex.org/W2070587559","https://openalex.org/W2072230298","https://openalex.org/W2072282899","https://openalex.org/W2072656291","https://openalex.org/W2073045396","https://openalex.org/W2076244978","https://openalex.org/W2080225935","https://openalex.org/W2083029510","https://openalex.org/W2083256167","https://openalex.org/W2083536133","https://openalex.org/W2084169808","https://openalex.org/W2084629363","https://openalex.org/W2085343068","https://openalex.org/W2085616415","https://openalex.org/W2088730262","https://openalex.org/W2088903656","https://openalex.org/W2089087592","https://openalex.org/W2089314759","https://openalex.org/W2090440085","https://openalex.org/W2092451853","https://openalex.org/W2094623919","https://openalex.org/W2094697313","https://openalex.org/W2095299437","https://openalex.org/W2097313520","https://openalex.org/W2098267900","https://openalex.org/W2101655940","https://openalex.org/W2102419024","https://openalex.org/W2103162659","https://openalex.org/W2105462361","https://openalex.org/W2108267835","https://openalex.org/W2109556162","https://openalex.org/W2110656330","https://openalex.org/W2113003075","https://openalex.org/W2113362774","https://openalex.org/W2114431173","https://openalex.org/W2116951452","https://openalex.org/W2119176305","https://openalex.org/W2119269821","https://openalex.org/W2120852739","https://openalex.org/W2121603097","https://openalex.org/W2121991826","https://openalex.org/W2127970658","https://openalex.org/W2127999994","https://openalex.org/W2129570543","https://openalex.org/W2131136597","https://openalex.org/W2131538393","https://openalex.org/W2131773668","https://openalex.org/W2134532138","https://openalex.org/W2135241016","https://openalex.org/W2135341310","https://openalex.org/W2142006487","https://openalex.org/W2143707713","https://openalex.org/W2144469687","https://openalex.org/W2144876393","https://openalex.org/W2145437898","https://openalex.org/W2147984188","https://openalex.org/W2148100486","https://openalex.org/W2150166665","https://openalex.org/W2152727007","https://openalex.org/W2152822037","https://openalex.org/W2153646537","https://openalex.org/W2155869882","https://openalex.org/W2157540000","https://openalex.org/W2157662413","https://openalex.org/W2158416058","https://openalex.org/W2158634095","https://openalex.org/W2158701963","https://openalex.org/W2161039276","https://openalex.org/W2162649018","https://openalex.org/W2164741508","https://openalex.org/W2168410154","https://openalex.org/W2169982830","https://openalex.org/W2170804261","https://openalex.org/W2171523582","https://openalex.org/W2171816680","https://openalex.org/W2179209066","https://openalex.org/W2188818684","https://openalex.org/W2211074832","https://openalex.org/W2228090022","https://openalex.org/W2270265451","https://openalex.org/W2280836245","https://openalex.org/W2282822219","https://openalex.org/W2283303653","https://openalex.org/W2288738298","https://openalex.org/W2289780301","https://openalex.org/W2300301871","https://openalex.org/W2313170390","https://openalex.org/W2340629877","https://openalex.org/W2354340581","https://openalex.org/W2385087574","https://openalex.org/W2496133369","https://openalex.org/W2582957962","https://openalex.org/W2752617332","https://openalex.org/W2891887230","https://openalex.org/W2955324822","https://openalex.org/W3023230189","https://openalex.org/W3121148588","https://openalex.org/W3121167872","https://openalex.org/W3121176335","https://openalex.org/W3121297842","https://openalex.org/W3121345957","https://openalex.org/W3121641743","https://openalex.org/W3121850914","https://openalex.org/W3122028149","https://openalex.org/W3122073308","https://openalex.org/W3122114234","https://openalex.org/W3122123991","https://openalex.org/W3122161811","https://openalex.org/W3122263386","https://openalex.org/W3122389145","https://openalex.org/W3122489987","https://openalex.org/W3122531453","https://openalex.org/W3122602955","https://openalex.org/W3122610520","https://openalex.org/W3122859634","https://openalex.org/W3122865919","https://openalex.org/W3122968527","https://openalex.org/W3122973701","https://openalex.org/W3123009431","https://openalex.org/W3123025394","https://openalex.org/W3123085623","https://openalex.org/W3123091495","https://openalex.org/W3123172478","https://openalex.org/W3123208803","https://openalex.org/W3123216815","https://openalex.org/W3123227289","https://openalex.org/W3123227524","https://openalex.org/W3123504461","https://openalex.org/W3123714959","https://openalex.org/W3123730452","https://openalex.org/W3123986134","https://openalex.org/W3124066230","https://openalex.org/W3124087453","https://openalex.org/W3124365414","https://openalex.org/W3124477224","https://openalex.org/W3124478565","https://openalex.org/W3124520495","https://openalex.org/W3125041254","https://openalex.org/W3125098629","https://openalex.org/W3125111241","https://openalex.org/W3125175720","https://openalex.org/W3125319232","https://openalex.org/W3125398325","https://openalex.org/W3125557288","https://openalex.org/W3125861882","https://openalex.org/W3125943064","https://openalex.org/W3126011898","https://openalex.org/W3142857647","https://openalex.org/W3205009109","https://openalex.org/W4233517604","https://openalex.org/W4250169925","https://openalex.org/W4299342687","https://openalex.org/W7136153405"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2134109441","https://openalex.org/W2514303769","https://openalex.org/W2903461295","https://openalex.org/W2392784611","https://openalex.org/W2357876612","https://openalex.org/W4294865372","https://openalex.org/W4300962743","https://openalex.org/W2383571352","https://openalex.org/W4399920525","https://openalex.org/W4256210530"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ENGLISH":[0],"SUMMARY":[1],":":[2],"As":[3],"growing":[4],"role":[5],"players":[6],"in":[7,105,124,131,159,180,273,314,324,388,393,402,428,434,442,462],"corporate":[8,71,94,120,149,174,285,342,354,390,435,472],"governance,":[9],"institutional":[10,51,82,91,112,146,171,276,296,303,311,331,384,406,416,440],"investors":[11,52,83,92,147,172,312,358,385,407,441],"are":[12,25,129,320,359],"regulated":[13],"and":[14,66,102,118,134,152,164,173,212,242,257,270,280,290,294,298,301,318,345,367,446],"guided":[15],"by":[16,32,142,243],"a":[17,42,337,431,467],"series":[18],"of":[19,36,45,61,80,90,145,239,261,275,326],"rules,":[20],"according":[21],"to":[22,27,85,210,234,335,370,375,419,424,450],"which":[23,156],"they":[24,459,465],"required":[26],"address":[28],"their":[29,37,62,67,281,327,420,483],"fiduciary":[30,56],"duty":[31,57],"protecting":[33],"the":[34,143,200,207,218,224,231,476],"interests":[35],"clients":[38],"as":[39,41,185],"well":[40],"diverse":[43],"group":[44],"stakeholders.":[46],"This":[47],"study":[48,266,412],"explores":[49],"whether":[50],"comply":[53],"with":[54,283,340,353,430,470],"this":[55,125,188,265,397,411],"through":[58],"an":[59],"investigation":[60],"prudent":[63,323],"stockholding":[64,278,328],"behaviour":[65,279],"impact":[68,89,114,144],"on":[69,93,115,119,148,199,216],"improved":[70,284,341,471],"governance.":[72],"The":[73,88,108,137,190],"first":[74],"empirical":[75],"chapter":[76],"assesses":[77],"what":[78],"types":[79],"firms":[81],"tend":[84],"invest":[86],"in.":[87],"governance":[95,153,175,286,391],"has":[96,479],"been":[97,480],"considered":[98,361],"from":[99,194],"both":[100,315,443],"financial":[101,109,116,343,373,436,456,473],"non-financial":[103,138],"perspectives":[104],"prior":[106],"studies.":[107],"perspective":[110,139],"includes":[111],"investors\u2019":[113,277],"performance":[117,344,374,457,474],"operations":[121],"(earnings":[122],"management":[123,347],"study).":[126],"These":[127],"aspects":[128],"discussed":[130],"Chapters":[132],"3":[133],"4":[135],"respectively.":[136],"is":[140,157],"represented":[141],"environmental,":[150],"social":[151],"(ESG)":[154],"performance,":[155],"studied":[158],"Chapter":[160],"5.":[161],"South":[162,195,288,316,394,444],"Africa":[163,289,317,445],"China,":[165,291,463],"two":[166],"major":[167],"emerging":[168],"markets":[169],"where":[170],"have":[176,336],"experienced":[177],"considerable":[178],"development":[179],"recent":[181],"years,":[182],"were":[183,448],"employed":[184],"cases":[186],"for":[187],"study.":[189],"selected":[191],"sample":[192],"came":[193],"African":[196],"companies":[197,214],"listed":[198,215],"Johannesburg":[201],"Stock":[202,220,226],"Exchange":[203,221,227],"(JSE),":[204],"observed":[205,229,267,334],"over":[206,230],"period":[208,232],"2010":[209],"2013,":[211],"Chinese":[213],"either":[217],"Shanghai":[219],"(SSE)":[222],"or":[223],"Shenzhen":[225],"(SZSE),":[228],"2008":[233],"2013.":[235],"After":[236],"taking":[237],"account":[238],"endogeneity":[240],"problems":[241],"using":[244],"pooled":[245],"ordinary":[246],"least":[247,254],"squares":[248,255],"(OLS),":[249],"fixed":[250],"effect":[251],"(FE),":[252],"two-stage":[253],"(2SLS)":[256],"system":[258],"generalized":[259],"method":[260],"moments":[262],"(Sys-GMM)":[263],"estimations,":[264],"that":[268,310,383,414],"similarities":[269],"differences":[271],"co-exist":[272],"terms":[274,325],"relationship":[282,339,478],"between":[287,292,299],"pressure-insensitive":[293,415],"pressure-sensitive":[295,421],"investors,":[297,417],"passive":[300,439],"non-passive":[302,484],"investors.":[304],"More":[305],"specifically,":[306],"it":[307,349],"was":[308,333,350,399],"found":[309,413],"overall":[313],"China":[319,447],"not":[321,400],"always":[322],"behaviour;":[329],"although":[330],"ownership":[332],"significant":[338],"earnings":[346],"alleviation,":[348],"insignificantly":[351],"associated":[352],"ESG":[355,377],"performance.":[356,437],"Institutional":[357],"therefore":[360],"more":[362,426],"conventional":[363],"than":[364,482],"socially":[365],"responsible,":[366],"seem":[368,386],"unlikely":[369],"accept":[371],"suboptimal":[372],"pursue":[376],"aims.":[378],"It":[379],"should":[380],"be":[381,425],"noted":[382,449],"effective":[387,427],"promoting":[389],"disclosure":[392],"Africa,":[395],"but":[396],"phenomenon":[398],"detected":[401],"China.":[403],"By":[404],"disaggregating":[405],"into":[408],"specific":[409],"types,":[410],"compared":[418],"counterparts,":[422],"appear":[423],"monitoring,":[429],"resulting":[432],"advancement":[433],"Additionally,":[438],"show":[451],"less":[452],"preference":[453],"towards":[454],"past":[455],"when":[458],"select":[460],"stocks;":[461],"however,":[464],"exhibit":[466],"stronger":[468],"association":[469],"after":[475],"investment":[477],"built":[481],"peers.":[485]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2017-02-10T00:00:00"}